21. Magnetism And Magnetic Fields magnetism and magnetic fields. We are familiar with magnetism through theinteraction of compasses with the earth s magnetic field, or through fridge http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node92.html

Next: Magnetic forces on moving Up: Electricity and Magnetism Previous: Electrical Power Magnetism and magnetic fields An phenomenon apparently unrelated to electricity is magnetism. We are familiar with magnetism through the interaction of compasses with the earth's magnetic field, or through fridge magnets or magnets on children's toys. Magnetic forces are explained in terms very similar to those used for electric forces: There are two types of magnetic poles , conventionally called North and South Like poles repel, and opposite poles attract However, magnetism differs from electricity in one important aspect: Unlike electric charges, magnetic poles always occur in North-South pairs; there are no magnetic monopoles Later on we will see at the atomic level why this is so. As in the case of electric charges, it is convenient to introduce the concept of a magnetic field in describing the action of magnetic forces. Magnetic field lines for a bar magnet are pictured below. Figure 9.5: Magnetic field lines of a bar magnet One can interpret these lines as indicating the direction that a compass needle will point if placed at that position.

22. Currents From Magnetism A further connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered by Faraday, Recall from the last section that currents induce magnetic fields. http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/node102.html

Next: Electric generator Up: Electricity and Magnetism Previous: Ferromagnets Currents from magnetism A further connection between electricity and magnetism was discovered by Faraday, who found that changing magnetic fields though loops of wire will cause currents to be induced. For example, consider the wire loop below, and imagine a bar magnet is brought into the vicinity. Figure 9.16: Wire loop If a magnetic field is pushed into the plane of this loop, a counterclockwise current will be induced, as indicated. Alternatively, if the magnetic field is pulled out of the loop, a clockwise current will be induced. These induced currents only exist as long as the magnet is moving, and will die off when the magnet becomes stationary. These induced currents have an interesting aspect as far as there magnetic properties are concerned. Recall from the last section that currents induce magnetic fields. Thus, by either pushing or pulling the magnet into or out of the wire loop, one is inducing magnetic fields within this loop. The direction of these induced magnetic fields are such that if one is externally increasing the magnetic field through the loop by pushing a magnet in, then the induced field will be such as to decrease the magnetic field through the loop; this is indicated in the previous figure. Alternatively, if one is externally decreasing the magnetic field through the loop by pulling a magnet out, then the induced field will be such as to increase the magnetic field through the loop. This feature that the magnetic effects of the induced current are such as to oppose the external change is known as

23. Magnetic Fields Magnetic fields. Very few organisms are biomagnetic. While magnetism is quiteimportant in the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, http://www.rwc.uc.edu/koehler/biophys/5a.html

Magnetic Fields Very few organisms are biomagnetic. While magnetism is quite important in the medical application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, our primary reason for learning about magnetism is to set the stage for the next chapter on atomic physics . Ordinary "ferromagnetism", while interesting, lies outside the scope of this text. Magnetic forces are analogous to electric forces , and we use the same field model to understand them. In the case of magnetism, there is a force between currents , and so current "elements" (a length of current) are the sources of the magnetic field . The magnetic field due to a ( vector ) current element IL is B (r) x m I (L x R) x p r where m is the "magnetic permeability" and m p x 10 N / A (an exact value) is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum. The factor "(L x R)" is the "cross product" of the vector L with the vector R (pointing to the field point). The effect of the cross product is to make B perpendicular to both L and R . The direction of B at any point is tangent to a circle centered on and perpendicular to the current element: We say that B is an "axial" vector field because of its axial (cylindrical) symmetry with respect to its source. As we will see below, the orientation of the B field around the source current (clockwise or counterclockwise) is determined by the direction of the current (the flow of positive ions). You can view the magnetic field (in black) due to a current (in red) from different angles in 3D in a

24. Physics Demonstrations - Magnetism magnetism brings to mind horseshoe magnets and iron filings. In this way onecan introduce the idea of magnetic fields exerting forces on currents and http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/demobook/chapter5.htm

MAGNETISM Magnetism brings to mind horseshoe magnets and iron filings. However, magnetism is very closely related to electricity. In 1819 the Danish physicist and chemist, Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851), during a lecture demonstration, observed that an electric current can affect a magnetic compass needle and thus united what until then had been viewed as two distinct subjects[1]. The electric motor is the modern implementation of this phenomenon. In the 1820's Michael Faraday (1791-1867) in England and Joseph Henry (1797-1878) in the United States independently demonstrated that a time-varying magnetic field can produce an electric current. Electric generators and eventually a world dominated by electronics was the result. The same discovery was previously made in 1802 by an Italian jurist, Gian Dominico Romognosi, but was overlooked because it was published in a newspaper, Gazetta de Trentino , rather than in a scholarly journal. REFERENCE 1. J. Nelson, Am. Journ. Phys. Levitated Ball Contributed by Professor Donald W. Kerst

25. Magnet Man - Cool Experiments With Magnets This web site is devoted to magnetism and the cool experiments you can do with What is the relationship between current flow and magnetic fields? http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magindex.htm

Cool Experiments with Magnets This web site is devoted to magnetism and the cool experiments you can do with permanent magnets and electro-magnets. Some of the experiments are very basic - things you've done since second grade. Others are unique; perhaps you hadn't thought of doing some of these before, or had difficulty in trying to set them up. Lists of the materials needed for the demonstrations, directions on how to assemble them, instructions on how to show them, and notes on how they work are all here for you. Also shown are several cool magnetic toys you can buy. Of course, there are also links to useful sites, sources and books on magnets. Have fun experimenting! Rick Hoadley (For other cool toys and puzzles , check this out!) This site is at http://www.coolmagnetman.com and at http://my.execpc.com/~rhoadley/magindex.htm Last updated: 31Aug2005. More to come! Here's what's new Wherever you see , that means that at the underlined link there is some kind of experiment you can buy or build which will help you learn about the world of magnetism. Use the Pico Search to find words on this web site.

26. Magnetism Theme Page Magnetic fields and Bermuda Triangles High school students can use this activityto learn magnetism and how it relates to electricity is also presented. http://www.cln.org/themes/magnetism.html

Magnetism Theme Page Below are the CLN "Theme Pages" which support the study of electricity and magnetism. CLN's theme pages are collections of useful Internet educational resources within a narrow curricular topic and contain links to two types of information. Students and teachers will find curricular resources (information, content...) to help them learn about this topic. In addition, there are links to instructional materials (lesson plans) which will help teachers provide instruction in this theme. Electricity (Concepts) Theme Page Electronics (Circuitry) Theme Page Lightning Theme Page General Magnetism Resources Here are a number of links to other Internet resources which contain information and/or other links related to Magnetism. Please read our AskERIC Lesson Plans: Physical Sciences The above link is to AskEric's Physical Science page if you wish to browse/search their site yourself. Or, use the links below to go directly to two lesson plans specifically about magnetism. Magnetic Fields and Bermuda Triangles High school students can use this activity to learn how to map a magnetic field and to find how magnetic fields can combine to form a complex resultant field.

27. Molecular Expressions: Electricity And Magnetism - Interactive Java Tutorials Magnetic fields and Compass Orientation Explore the effects of inducedelectromagnetic Mitosis - We know this is not about electricity and magnetism, http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/

Galleria License Info Image Use Custom Photos ... Visit Science, The Galleries: Photo Gallery Silicon Zoo Pharmaceuticals Chip Shots ... Movie Gallery Interactive Java Tutorials Russian Abacus - This tutorial explores how the Russian abacus was once used to do simple arithmetic. By moving a set of beads back and forth across a set of framed wires, the visitor can do use this tutorial to do simple addition and subtraction. Atomic Orbitals - Electrons are distributed around an atom according to probability density distributions. Visitors can use this interactive Java tutorial to observe how combinations of atomic orbitals combine to create an electronic "shell" surrounding the atom. Factors Affecting Capacitance - Capacitors are simple devices designed to store electric charges. This tutorial explores how variations in capacitor plate area, separation distance, and the dielectric insulator work together to change the overall capacity of the capacitor. Charging And Discharging A Capacitor - Examine how electrons flow within a circuit consisting of a capacitor and battery using this tutorial. Visitors can throw a virtual switch to connect the circuit and observe the battery charge the capacitor. Once the capacitor is fully charged, the switch can be reversed to discharge the capacitor. How A Compact Disc Works - This tutorial explores how a laser beam is focused onto the surface of a spinning compact disc, and how variations between pits and lands on the disc surface affect how light is either scattered by the disc surface or reflected back into a detector.

28. Electricity And Magnetism Demonstrations 99 electricity and magnetism demonstrations; 72 of which have brief descriptions Electrostatics; Electric fields and potential; Capacitance; Resistance http://buphy.bu.edu/~duffy/electricity.html

Electricity and Magnetism There are: 99 electricity and magnetism demonstrations 72 of which have brief descriptions and diagrams 15 more have pictures and complete descriptions Last update : 2 September 1997 Main topics: Electrostatics Electric fields and potential Capacitance Resistance ... Electromagnetic radiation Electrostatics Producing static charge Rods, fur, and silk Electrophorus Coulomb's law Rods and pivot Pith balls Electrostatic meters Electroscopes Conductors and Insulators Wire vs. string Acrylic and aluminum bars Induced charge Charging by induction Can attracted to charged rod 2 x 4 Metal rod attraction Deflection of a water stream ... Kelvin water dropper Electrostatic machines Wimshurst machine Van de Graaff generator Electric fields and potential Electric field Hair on end Van de Graaff streamers Confetti Fuzzy fur field tank Gauss' law Faraday ice pail Electroscope in a cage Radio in a cage Electrostatic potential Point and ball with van de Graaff Pinwheel Capacitance Capacitors Sample capacitors Parallel plate capacitor Dielectric Capacitor with dielectrics Dissectible condensor Energy stored in a capacitor Short a capacitor Light a bulb with a capacitor Lifting weight with a capacitor Resistance Resistance characteristics Resistor assortment Resistance model Variable resistor Dependence on length/area Resistivity and temperature Wire coil in liquid nitrogen Conduction in solutions Conduction through electrolytes Conduction in gases Jacob's ladder Electromotive force and current Electrolysis Electrolysis of water Cells and batteries

29. Physics Tutoring: Magnetism In Matter do not exhibit magnetism until they are place in an external magnetic field Bext . Gauss Law for Magnetic fields The net magnetic flux through any http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/tutor/2220/magnetism_in_matter/

- Select a Topic - Measurements Electrostatics Electric Fields Electric Flux Electric Potential Capacitance Current and Resistance Electrical Circuits (DC) Magnetism Sources of Magnetic Fields Magnetism in Matter Electromagnetic Induction Electrical Circuits (AC) Maxwell's Equations Electromagnetic Waves Reflection, Refraction, Polarization Optical Instruments: Mirrors and Lenses Interference Diffraction The Topics Navigator requires JavaScript 1.1 or higher. Please enable it or navigate using the Home page. Magnetism in Matter In this crude model of magnetic domains, each domain has a different magnetic orientation, so the substance as a whole is non-magnetic. When the material is placed in a magnetic field, the domains align in the direction of the field, thereby magnetizing the substance. As an electron revolves around the nucleus of an atom it also rotates on its own axis, giving it a magnetic spin In this experiment a magnetic wire, connected in a circuit, is attached to a magnet above the circuit. When the switch is thrown the wire heats up. This causes the wire to and lose its magnetic properties so it falls away from the magnet. When the switch is opened and the wire has cooled, it can again be attached to the magnet

30. Physics Tutoring: Magnetism Physics Tutoring Electricty magnetism, and Optics Q In some science fictioncartoons, books, and movies, force fields are used to contain things such http://www.slcc.edu/schools/hum_sci/physics/tutor/2220/magnetism/

- Select a Topic - Measurements Electrostatics Electric Fields Electric Flux Electric Potential Capacitance Current and Resistance Electrical Circuits (DC) Magnetism Sources of Magnetic Fields Magnetism in Matter Electromagnetic Induction Electrical Circuits (AC) Maxwell's Equations Electromagnetic Waves Reflection, Refraction, Polarization Optical Instruments: Mirrors and Lenses Interference Diffraction The Topics Navigator requires JavaScript 1.1 or higher. Please enable it or navigate using the Home page. Magnetism The right-hand rule gives the direction of a vector resulting from the cross product of two other vectors. To find the direction of the resulting vector sweep the fingers of the right hand from the direction of the first vector to the direction of the second vector over the smallest possible angle between the vectors. The direction in which the thumb points is the direction of the resulting vector. Previously Asked Questions Q: If a charged particle moves in a straight line with constant speed through some region in space, is the magnetic field in that region zero?

31. Magnetism magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion between various substances The individual magnetic fields of the atoms in a given region tend to line up http://www.crystalinks.com/magnetism.html

Magnetism Magnetism is a force of attraction or repulsion between various substances, especially those made of iron and other metals. Ultimately it is due to the motion of electrical charge. It is related to Physics. Magnetic Poles, Forces, and Fields Any object that exhibits magnetic properties is called a magnet. Every magnet has two points, or poles, where most of its strength is concentrated; these are designated as a north-seeking pole, or north pole, and a south-seeking pole, or south pole, because a suspended magnet tends to orient itself along a north-south line. Since a magnet has two poles, it is sometimes called a magnetic dipole, being analogous to an electric dipole, composed of two opposite charges. The like poles of different magnets repel each other, and the unlike poles attract each other. One remarkable property of magnets is that whenever a magnet is broken, a north pole will appear at one of the broken faces and a south pole at the other, such that each piece has its own north and south poles. It is impossible to isolate a single magnetic pole, regardless of how many times a magnet is broken or how small the fragments become. (The theoretical question as to the possible existence in any state of a single magnetic pole, called a monopole, is still considered open by physicists; experiments to date have failed to detect one.) From his study of magnetism, C. A. Coulomb in the 18th cent. found that the magnetic forces between two poles followed an inverse-square law of the same form as that describing the forces between electric charges. The law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic poles is directly proportional to the product of the strengths of the poles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

32. Magnetism And Magnetic Fields magnetism and magnetic fields. The magnetic field of a solenoid The originof permanent magnetism Gauss law for magnetic fields Galvanometers http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/302l/lectures/node53.html

Next: Magnetism Up: lectures Previous: Worked Example 4: Energy Magnetism and magnetic fields Subsections Magnetism The Lorentz force Motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field The Hall effect ... Worked Example 2: Charged particle in magnetic field Richard Fitzpatrick 2002-05-19

33. Phys 1P22/92 - Electromagnetism, Optics, And Modern Physics Electric Circuits; magnetism, induction, electromagnetic fields. Magnetic forcesand magnetic fields. field of a bar magnet magnetic field lines start http://www.physics.brocku.ca/courses/1p92/Magnetism/

Brock University PHYS 1P22/92 Physics Courses Physics Department Electromagnetism, Optics, and Modern Physics Homework Marks Formulas Outline ... Electric Circuits Magnetism, induction, electromagnetic fields Magnetic forces and magnetic fields field of a bar magnet magnetic field lines start at "N", end at "S" there are no magnetic monopoles Ex: uniform magnetic field Ex: Earth's magnetic field ; North vs. "N" Magnetic materials, ferromagnetism Magnetic force on a moving charge magnitude: F=qVB sin direction: the right-hand rule exercises Ex: magnetic force1 Ex: magnetic force 2 Ex: magnetic force 3 Ex: magnetic force 4 Motion of charged particles in constant magnetic fields Ex: uniform circular motion aurora borealis Ex: the solar wind engineering applications television velocity selector Ex: mass-spectrometer Ex: alpha particles in B field Magnetic force on an electric current Ex: magnetic force on a current Ex: magnetohydrodynamic drive Ex: loudspeaker Ex: electric train using the Earth's magnetic field Force on a loop of current magnetic moment of a coil DC electric motor Magnetic fields produced by electric currents a long straight wire Ex: health effects of the em radiation from transmission lines, etc.

34. The Educational Encyclopedia, Electricity, Magnetism magnetism magnetic properties of materials, magnetic fields, magnetic force magnetism, magnetic fields magnetism, magnetic fields, right hand rule, http://users.telenet.be/educypedia/electronics/electricitymagnetisme.htm

EDUCYPEDIA The educational encyclopedia Home Electronics General Information technology ... Science Electronics-theory Analog Audio - acoustics Audio - electronics Audio - loudspeakers ... TV-video-CD-DVD Utilities - tools Cables Calculators Circuits Databank - tables ... Sitemap Electricity Basic theory Electric circuit theory Electrical power systems Elektrische huisinstallatie ... Lightning Magnetism Miscelleneous topics Safety Tesla coil Magnetism related subject: Science, physics, magnetism Aimants permanents pdf file, en Français Basics of magnetics magnetics, pdf file Biot-Savart law Bobine à noyau de fer pdf file, en Français Caractéristique B-H relative au fer doux caractéristique B-H, en Français Champ magnétique en Français Champ magnétique en Français Circuit magnétique en Français Circuit magnétique en Français Circuits magnétiques pdf file, en Français Circuit magnétique linéaire en Français, pdf file Circuit magnétique en regime impulsionelle en Français, pdf file Circuits magnétiques en régime sinusoïdal : la bobine à noyau de fer en Français, pdf file Circuits magnétiques des machines en Français Cool experiments with magnets devoted to magnetism and the cool experiments you can do with permanent magnets and electro-magnets. Some of the experiments are very basic, motors, levitation, electromagnets, Lenz, Faraday, neodymium, experiments with magnets, superconductors, superconductivity, electromagnetism, magnetic toys, magnetic fields

35. Planetary Magnetism brief overview of planetary magnetic fields and magnetospheres. Until themiddle of the 20th century the Earth s magnetism seemed to be a happy accident http://www.phy6.org/earthmag/planetmg.htm

Site Map Planetary Magnetism That was before other planets in the solar system were visited and examined. Now we know that among those planets, only Venus lacks any magnetism. The planets differ greatly in size and properties, and their fields differ too. Yet they all seem to have dynamo fields, or (in the case of Mars and the Moon) have had them in the past. Jupiter Jupiter (bigger version) In early 1955, two young radio-astronomers started working with a cross-shaped antenna array of the Carnegie Institution's Department of Terrestrial Magnetism (DTM). The array could select signals from a narrow range of directions, and Ken Franklin and Bernie Burke calibrated it using a known source, the Crab Nebula, then began surveying the surrounding sky. They found another conspicuous radio source, but unlike the Crab, its position slowly shifted. Could it be Jupiter? Standing next to the array at night, Bernie noted a star overhead and asked Ken "what is that bright thing up there?" It was Jupiter, and that's where the signal came from. In publishing their result, the astronomers speculated "the cause of this radiation is not known but is likely to be due to electrical disturbances in Jupiter's atmosphere." In 1959, after the Earth's radiation belt had been discovered, Frank Drake observed Jupiter and concluded from the relative intensities in a range of wavelengths that the signal was probably emitted by electrons trapped in a strong magnetic field. Then in 1973 the space probe Pioneer 10 passed by Jupiter and found there, sure enough, an enormous planetary magnetic field and a very intense radiation belt.

36. Electricity & Magnetism Activities In fact, all magnetic fields can be traced back to the motion of charges. Principle Electric Moving electrons, magnetism, Grade 5, HM 4D3.2 http://www.physics.isu.edu/~shropshi/emact.htm

Selected activities suggested for grades 3 - 6 at schools hosting a Electricity and Magnetism Presentation. Each activity is referenced to appropriate grade according to the Idaho State Board of Education. A grade level in bold indicates a required topic, with non-bold levels indicating a recommended topic. Relevant chapters in the Houghton Mifflin Science "Discovery Works" series are also referenced. HM 4D2.1 refers to investigation 1 in chapter 2, unit D from the fourth grade text. REPELLING STRINGS Principle: Electric Charge, Static Electricity Grade: HM 4D2.1 Tie about 8 to 10 nylon strings to a rod. Rub the rod with fur or wool, and you remove electrons from the fur and deposit them on the strings. The strings will fly apart since they are all charged, and like charges repel. CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BALLOONS Principle: Electric Charge, Static Electricity Grade: HM 4D2.1 Rub two balloons through your hair and you transfer some electrons to them. Suspend them by strings to show that they repel. You can illustrate polarization by showing that a charged balloon will attract an uncharged balloon, but once they touch and transfer charge, they repel. You can deflect a stream of water with a charged balloon because of the polarization of the water molecules. You can also "levitate" light strings and joke about snake charming. Sticking them to walls and ceilings is also fun. SPIN THE BOARD Principle: Electric Charge, Static Electricity

37. SEGway - About Exploring Magnetism The Exploring magnetism unit contains sequential lessons on magnetism that Students will know the concept of Interplanetary Magnetic fields (IMF). http://cse.ssl.berkeley.edu/SegwayEd/abtexploremag.html

SEGway home SEGwayEd space science Exploring Magnetism The Exploring Magnetism unit contains sequential lessons on magnetism that inspire students to learn how electricity and magnetism are connected and to apply their knowledge. The goal is for students to develop a deeper understanding of electromagnetism through inquiry and hands-on activities. The first two sessions form the basic lessons called Exploring Magnetism and the third session, named Exploring Magnetism in the Solar Wind, explores magnetism in the Solar Wind being studied by the STEREO-IMPACT mission. NOTE: Session 3 is not currently available in electronic form. Key Questions 1. How does a compass operate? 2. What is magnetism and where do we see evidence of it on Earth and in space? 3. How do we measure magnetism? 4. What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism? 5. What do scientists use to measure magnetism in space? Learning Objectives Session 1 1. Students will know that magnets have an invisible force field known as a magnetic field. 2. Students will be able to detect and draw a magnetic field using compasses.

38. ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Magnetism JumpStart magnetism on ScienceMaster.com. In nature, magnetic fields areproduced in the rarefied gas of space, in the glowing heat of sunspots and in http://www.sciencemaster.com/jump/earth/magnetism.php

Today is JumpStart - Earth Science Magnetism For a more in-depth look at this topic please visit Dr. Stern's web site The Great Magnet, the Earth Magnetism The magnetic compass soon spread to Europe. Columbus used it when he crossed the Atlantic ocean, noting not only that the needle deviated slightly from exact north (as indicated by the stars) but also that the deviation changed during the voyage. Around 1600 William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I of England, proposed an explanation: the Earth itself was a giant magnet, with its magnetic poles some distance away from its geographic ones (i.e. near the points defining the axis around which the Earth turns). The Magnetosphere But what is magnetism? Until 1821, only one kind of magnetism was known, the one produced by iron magnets. Then a Danish scientist, Hans Christian Oersted, while demonstrating to friends the flow of an electric current in a wire, noticed that the current caused a nearby compass needle to move. The new phenomenon was studied in France by Andre-Marie Ampere, who concluded that the nature of magnetism was quite different from what everyone had believed. It was basically a force between electric currents: two parallel currents in the same direction attract, in oposite directions repel. Iron magnets are a very special case, which Ampere was also able to explain. In nature, magnetic fields are produced in the rarefied gas of space, in the glowing heat of sunspots and in the molten core of the Earth. Such magnetism must be produced by electric currents, but finding how those currents are produced remains a major challenge.

39. Magnetism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 From his study of magnetism, CA Coulomb in the 18th cent. found that the The individual magnetic fields of the atoms in a given region tend to line up http://www.bartleby.com/65/ma/magnetis.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. magnetism force of attraction or repulsion between various substances, especially those made of iron and certain other metals; ultimately it is due to the motion of electric charges.

40. Science Fair Project: 3D Magnetic Field Viewer Bottle Iron filings align themselves in strong magnetic fields. This reveals the shapeof the field patterns. Links to magnetism sites. Other buildit projects http://www.amasci.com/electrom/statbotl.html

ELECTRICITY SCIENCE PROJs GOOD STUFF NEW STUFF ... SEARCH Google: SEEING MAGNETIC FIELD PATTERNS IN 3D A simple science project William Beaty , Museum of Science, Boston Iron filings align themselves in strong magnetic fields. This reveals the shape of the field patterns. A similar thing happens with the electric fields created by high voltage and by "static electricity." If small fibers are exposed to a very strong electric or magnetic field, they will align with the field and make it visible. 3D MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELD VIEWING BOTTLE MATERIALS: Magnet Extra-fine steel wool (type 000 or 0000, hardware store) Plastic bottle full of baby oil with paper label Scissors OPTIONAL: rubbing alcohol to remove label pan or shallow dish for the alcohol White spray-paint, if desired Links to magnetism sites Other build-it projects REMOVE THE LABEL Make sure to buy baby oil with a removable paper label, NOT the kind with a permanent, painted-on label. Even better, try to find a bottle that has a label only on one side. If your bottle has labels on both sides, peel the label from one side of the oil bottle. You can do this by picking at the paper label with fingernails while running warm water on it. An easier way is to soak one side of the bottle in a shallow dish of rubbing alcohol for about 10 or 15 minutes. Peel off the gooey label. Use a bit of alcohol and a paper towel to clean off the remaining glue. (It really is easier to find a bottle at the store that only has a label on one side!)

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