61. History macedonia The Cradle of World Civilization macedonia through the The TruthAbouth macedonia - Over 15.000 Years of macedonian history With Facts http://www.reference.com/Dir/Regional/Europe/Macedonia/History/

Dictionary Thesaurus Encyclopedia Web Home Premium: Sign up Login YOUR AD HERE Dictionary ... Encyclopedia - Web Directory Web Directory Top Regional Europe Macedonia / History Free Macedonia All You Ever Wanted To Know About Macedonia and its History MAKEDONIKA On-line Journal of Macedonian History and Culture MACEDON - Macedonian History, Language, Arts and Culture Macedon - the central web location for information on Macedonian History, Art, Language, Culture and more. Macedonia - The Cradle of World Civilization Macedonia through the centuries Macedonian Rock Art Centre The Truth Abouth Macedonia - Over 15.000 Years of Macedonian History With Facts Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Lexico Publishing Group, LLC ... Contact Us

62. MapZones.com : Macedonia ( Yugoslav Republic ) History Information of Country s history, Civilization, independence, king, rural, war. http://www.mapzones.com/world/europe/macedonia/historyindex.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Country Info Macedonia Introduction Macedonia General Data Macedonia Maps Macedonia Culture ... Macedonia Time and Date Macedonia ( Yugoslav Republic ) History Back to Top Throughout its history, the present-day territory of Macedonia has been a crossroads for both traders and conquerors moving between the European Continent and Asia Minor. Each of these transiting powers left its mark upon the region, giving rise to a valuable and varied cultural and historical tradition. The ancient territory of Macedon, included, in addition to the areas of the present-day Macedonia, large parts of present-day Northern Greece and Southwestern Bulgaria. This ancient kingdom reached its height during the reign of Alexander III ("the Great"), who extended Macedon's determine over most of Asia Minor, the Levant, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and even parts of India. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, the Macedon Empire gradually declined, until it was conquered in 168 BC and made a province by the Romans in 148 BC. A coalition of ruling ethnic Macedonian and ethnic Albanian political leaders, with facilitation by U.S. and European Union (EU) diplomats, negotiated and then signed the Ohrid Framework Agreement in August 2001. The agreement called for implementation of constitutional and legislative changes, which lay the foundation for improved civil rights for minority groups. The Macedonian Parliament adopted the constitutional changes outlined in the accord in November 2001. Efforts are currently underway to implement remaining provisions in the Framework Agreement with international assistance.

63. Macedonia: April 2002 Issue: PeaceWatch: U.S. Institute Of Peace Fourteen macedonian high school teachers and two macedonian history researchers have Then they explored macedonia s current history from a human rights http://www.usip.org/peacewatch/2002/4/macedonia.html

Institute Home About Us Policy Research Library ... June Adobe Acrobat Required Inside April 2002 Vol. VIII, No. 3 Special Initiative on the Muslim World Institute Welcomes New Directors Afghan Women in Government and Society Filipino Muslims Need More Than Economic Development ... PDF Also Available April 2002 Vol. VIII, No.3 Macedonia The Institute's Balkans Initiative recently supported two important activities in Macedonia that will likely contribute to peace and reconciliation there: formation of the Macedonian Media Advisory Council and convening of a workshop on the teaching of recent Macedonian history. Macedonian Media Advisory Council Formed The Macedonian Media Advisory Council was established in Skopje in January, with support from the U.S. Institute of Peace. The council will promote freedom of expression and access to information as well as responsible reporting, coordinator Meto Jovanovski said at a February 28 press conference announcing the organization. He noted that the council is an independent, locally operated nongovernmental organization whose members are Macedonian nationals. Council members represent all ethnic groups and are not involved in politics or the media. The Institute of Peace's Balkans Initiative and the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), London, provided funds for the initial launch of the council, which was conceived and developed by IWPR. The council's monthly reports will appear in English, Albanian, and Macedonian on the IWPR website at

64. Macedonia: Understanding History, Preventing Future Conflict: Special Reports: P Library Links. SPECIAL REPORT 115. Violeta PetroskaBeska and Mirjana Najcevska.macedonia Understanding history, Preventing Future Conflict http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr115.html

Complete List of Institute Reports Release Date: February 2004 No. 115 Get Adobe PDF version of the full report CONTENTS Introduction Background to the Conflict of 2001 Education and Ethnic Division Education and Ethnic Reconciliation ... Library Links SPECIAL REPORT 115 Violeta Petroska-Beska and Mirjana Najcevska Macedonia Understanding History, Preventing Future Conflict Macedonian and Albanian students participate in the "Understanding Current History" program. Summary Ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians in the Republic of Macedonia have distinctly different but equally ethnocentric views of the causes and course of the armed conflict in 2001. These attitudes, which are largely emotionally driven and fueled by prejudice, are likely to stifle efforts to overcome existing animosities and may well sow the seeds of future conflicts. If left unchanged, Macedonia's mostly ethnically segregated educational system is likely to reinforce these conflicting understandings of the country's recent history. However, the educational system can be a powerful instrument for social change; a change in the way that history is taught in Macedonia's schools could significantly enhance the prospects for ethnic reconciliation. A program entitled "Understanding Current History" was launched in 2002 to combat the divisive effect of the educational system and to encourage ethnic Macedonians and ethnic Albanians to develop a shared understanding of the 2001 conflict.

65. Constitutional Court Of The Republic Of Macedonia - History a) The Constitution of the Socialist Republic of macedonia of 1963 established b) Confirming the statehood and sovereignty of the Republic of macedonia, http://www.usud.gov.mk/domino/WEBSUD.nsf/IstorijatE?OpenPage&BaseTarget=GlavenE-

66. Art History Macedonia - History Of Art Macedonia - Art History Macedonia In Otto Information regarding Art history in ancient Ottoman Empire. http://www.easterncorner.com/Macedonia.htm

History of Macedonia in Ottoman Times The economic legacy of Turkish rule is also important. During the expansionist phase of the empire, Turkish feudalism consisted principally of the timar system of "tax farming," whereby local officeholders raised revenue or supported troops in the sultan's name but were not landowners. As the distinctively military aspects of the Ottoman order declined after the 18th century, these privileges were gradually transformed in some areas into the çiftlik system, which more closely resembled proprietorship over land. This process involved the severing of the peasantry from their traditional rights on the land and a corresponding creation of large estates farmed on a commercial basis. The çiftlik thus yielded the paradox of a population that was heavily influenced by Ottoman culture yet bound into an increasingly oppressive economic subordination to Turkish landlords. The independence movement The closing decades of the 19th century saw deepening conflict and confusion in Macedonia. As the Turkish Empire decayed, Serbia, Greece, and Bulgaria all looked to benefit territorially from the approaching carve-up of Macedonia. At the same time, these indigenous states all became in different ways stalking horses for the aspirations of the European Great Powers. The weapons employed in this conflict ranged widely; they included the opening of schools in an attempt to inculcate a particular linguistic and confessional identity, the control of ecclesiastical office, influence over the course of railway building, diplomatic attempts to secure the ear of the Sublime Porte, and even the financing of guerrilla bands.

67. Click Here To Visit Alabama// Bangladesh// India// Indonesia CIA Fact Book macedonia A Quick Look at the history of macedonia. This aonepage summary of macedonian history from the medieval period to the present. http://www.angelfire.com/al/warrenorourke/macedonialinks.html

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Click here to visit: Alabama Bangladesh India Indonesia ... Tanzania There are only two million people in Macedonia, less than half the population of Alabama; so there are not many Macedonian students in the U.S. But there is one here at Jefferson State Darko Stankovski, a resident of Skopje. Americans usually don't know much about Macedonia, unless they happen to be knowledgeable about medieval religious art or fine wines. Macedonia, however, was very much in the news in recent months. During the U.S. bombing of Serbia and the attempt by Serbia to complete "ethnic cleansing" of Kosovo, hundreds of thousands of Kosovars fled into Macedonia. Darko Stankowski tells me that I must caution visitors to this site about being misled by "the Greek version" of Macedonian history. According to Darko, Greeks try to make it appear that Macedonia is historically part of Greece. In fact, they like to make it appear that Alexander the Great was really a Greek. Darko recommends the following sites as sources of accurate Macedonian history: Accurate Chronology of Macedonian History.

68. The History Of Macedonia, Ohio, U.S.A. - History Page macedonia Community history. In the early 1800 s a young man named Henry Woodscame across a stream he named Indian Run. Some years later, a man named http://www.macedonia.oh.us/historyinside.htm

Macedonia History Macedonia Community In the early 1800's a young man named Henry Woods came across a stream he named Indian Run. Some years later, a man named Abraham Cranmer from Northfield purchased 90 acres of property near Indian Run at the intersection of Jenkins and N. Bedford Roads. This is where he built his home in 1824, the first log house in this new settlement. Soon other people moved to this new settlement known as "The Corners". A log school house was built in 1833, a frame church in 1835, and there was an Inn for weary travelers on the stage coach line from Pittsburgh to Cleveland. More Information

69. Culture - Republic Of Macedonia What the admirers of macedonian history are enabled to see is a show of a few parts Museum of macedonia – Imposing Presentation of macedonian history http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=10969

70. Culture - Republic Of Macedonia Exhibition on macedonian history at macedonian Parliament Opening Today Scheduled The exhibition narrates the history of macedonia and macedonian people http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=7578

71. Ancient World History An introduction to macedonian history, War Museum of Athens macedonia MACEDON macedonian history, Language, Arts and Culture http://members.aol.com/TeacherNet/Ancient.html

Ancient World History The wonderful graphic above was created by Mr. Mehdi Mansouri. How to do Research using the Navigation Aids: 1. By clicking on the Hotlinks, you will be taken directly to the exact location where the Topic is located on the page. 2. When you click on a site located under a topic, another browser window will open automatically for you on top of this page. With your mouse, pull that window down below the Topic you are researching. Every time you now click on a site, the material will appear in this window. This will allow you to quickly and easily read the material and go through each site listed without losing this page. Remember to cite the "web sites and their authors" given below as your information "sources" in your paper or presentation for citation/bibliographic purposes. Hotlinks: Table of Contents: Alexander the Great - Macedonian Ancient Architecture Ancient China Ancient Egypt ... Women PreHistory PreHistory Ancient China Ancient China Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt Ancient Rome Ancient Rome Ancient Greece Ancient Greece Ancient History Search Engines Search Argos Abzu: Guide to Resources for Study Perseus Encyclopedia: Table of Contents Texts in Perseus for Browsing: English ... Searchable Resources for Classics and Mediterranean Archaeology (Univ.of Mich)

72. History Of Macedonia Provides a history of macedonia from ancient times to the present. http://www.historyofnations.net/europe/macedonia.html

History of Macedonia Site Links Home Search this Site History Posters Africa ... Privacy Policy Throughout its history, the present-day territory of Macedonia has been a crossroads for both traders and conquerors moving between the European continent and Asia Minor. Each of these transiting powers left its mark upon the region, giving rise to a rich and varied cultural and historical tradition. The ancient territory of Macedon included, in addition to the areas of the present-day Macedonia, large parts of present-day northern Greece and southwestern Bulgaria. This ancient kingdom reached its height during the reign of Alexander III ("the Great"), who extended Macedon's influence over most of Asia Minor, the Levant, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and even parts of India. After Alexander's death in 323 BC, the Macedon Empire gradually declined, until it was conquered in 168 BC and made a province by the Romans in 148 BC. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the territory of Macedonia fell under the control of the Byzantine Empire in the 6th and 7th centuries. It was during this period that large groups of Slavic people migrated to the Balkan region. The Serbs, Bulgarians, and Byzantines fought for control of Macedonia until the late 14th century, when the territory was conquered by the Ottoman Turks; it remained under Turkish rule until 1912. Throughout much of the Second World War, Bulgaria and Italy occupied Macedonia. Many people joined partisan movements during this time and succeeded in liberating the region in 1944. Following the war, Macedonia became one of the constituent republics of the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia under Marshall Tito. During this period, Macedonian culture and language flourished.

73. Come To Macedonia And Your Heart Will Remain Here Guide to the country with a focus on its history and culture. http://www.culture.org.mk/

Come to Macedonia and Your Heart Will Remain Here (English version) (Makedonsb mj ka verzija) Recommended/ Prepora~ano : Microsoft Internet Explorer 4+, resolution 800 * 600, font Mac C Times, Mac C Swiss - Makedonska kodna stranica 1251 - vo podgotovka Posetitel br. Visitor No.

74. MANAKI BROTHERS of macedonia in 1963, chronicle a turbulent period in macedonian history, tragedy in macedonian history, the partiotion of macedonia among Serbia, http://www.cybermacedonia.com/manaki.html

THE MANAKI BROTHERS The Manaki brothers (Yanaki 1879-1960, and Milton 1882-1964) entered Macedonian cultural history as the greatest photographers in Macedonia and perhaps amongst the world during the pre-war yerars. More than 17,300 photographs taken in more than 120 different places in the Balkans have so far been identified. This collection ranging with photograps first taken in Yanina in 1898 to the last, taken in the modern Republic of Macedonia in 1963, chronicle a turbulent period in Macedonian history, and is a rich field of research, with many of its treasures still to be discovered. In the period 1898 to 1904, the Manakis opened a photographic studio in Yanina. By 1906, they had won the Gold Medal at the Bucharest Photographic exhibition and soon after became Court photographers. In 1905, they moved their business to Bitola which was then one of the most dynamic and cultural cities in the Balkans. Their unique skills and artistry attracted many outastanding Balkan personalities icluding Prince Mehmed, later to become the sultan of Turkey, King Carol I of Romania, many of the legendary and famous fighters of the Macedonian revolutionary units of the Ilinden Uprising including the inspirational Dame Gruev; Niyazi Bey, the principlal mastemind of the Young Turk Revolution and many others. The Manaki studio itsekf became an institution which conferred social status. Their enormous success equipped them with instant access to the rest of Europe's cities including Vienna, Paris, London and others. By 1907 the brothers brought back from London the 300th. Biscope cine-camera which marked the birth of film-making in Macedonia only 12 years after the invention of film-making by the Lumiere brothers.

75. History Of Macedonia And The Macedonian Nation Extensive information about Macedonian history. http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/

CONCISE MACEDONIA ANCIENT MACEDONIA ... Links You can also c lick here to go directly to AncientSculptureGallery.com's Hellenistic, Macedonian, Greek, and Roman sculptures. Ancient Sculpture Gallery has 9 different busts, statues, and plaques of Alexander the Great (including the famous Alexander Sarcophagus) and sculptures of Philip of Macedon, Demosthenes, Achilles, Hippocrates, Caesar, Apollo, Aphrodite, Heracles, Pan, Orpheus, Zeus, Artemis, Hermes, Dionysus, Athena, Perseus, Medusa, Eros, Centaur, Lapith, Nike, the Maenads, the Muses, the Graces, etc. Archeological News Tomb of the Last Macedonian King Perseus Found after Joint Italian-Macedonian Excavation Effort Macedonian Criticism of Oliver Stone's film Alexander Quicklinks Philip II of Macedon - King of Macedonia Alexander III the Great - King of Macedonia Evidence of 2500 years long existence of the Macedonian Nation Documents of the Continued Existence of Macedonia and the Macedonian Nation for a period of over 2500 years New Book : "The Descendents of Alexander the Great of Macedon - Arguments and evidence that today's Macedonians are descendents of the ancient Macedonians"

76. The Truth About Macedonia All the ancient macedonian names mentioned in history or found on tombs are Greek This page is unbiased, as it tells a brief history of macedonia in the http://www.karpathos.org/macedonia/index.shtml

The Truth About Macedonia Simple answers to frequently used Slavic (FYROM) arguments that question the Greek identity of Macedonia. "Greece officially denied the use of the name Macedonia after the Balkan wars." This is a very inaccurate argument. There are several examples of state institutions and private businesses using the name Macedonia which operate in Greece since the early 1900s. These are just a few of them: The "Macedonia" newspaper (1912) The Society for Macedonian Studies (1939) [web site] The museum of ancient Macedonia (1961) [web site] The museum of the Macedonian struggle (1979) [web site] Greece has been actively using the name Macedonia since its liberation from the Ottoman empire. If Greece's official position was to "deny the existence of Macedonia," how would it be possible for hundreds of private companies to be named after Macedonia? "Greece has changed the 'Macedonian' names of locations in the Macedonia region." The Greek names are older than the Slavic ones and most of them have their roots in ancient Greece. The Greek names of the towns in Macedonia are also mentioned in the Bible. A characteristic example is Thessaloniki. This city was founded in 315 bc by the Macedonian king Kasssandros and it was named after Alexanders' half sister - Thessaloniki. How could the Greeks change the name from Solun (as the Slavs claim) to Thessaloniki in 1912 if that was the original name? The name Thessaloniki is even mentioned in the bible by St Paul. Why did he address his letters (epistoles) to the people of Thessaloniki and not the to the people of Solun? What about the Greek names of towns inside FYROM used during the Ottoman times? Did Greece change them as well?

77. The History Of The Macedonian Question The beauty of the macedonian history is the fact that macedonia never lost itsessential mental, cultural and ethnic disposition, that it was never crushed, http://www.macedonia.co.uk/mcic/aboutmacedonia/macedonianissues/question.asp

Search: MCIC Macedonia EuroSeek Home About MCIC About Macedonia Land ... Our Services The History of the Macedonian Question The main point of the "Macedonian Question" is to signify the international borders of Macedonia within different historical periods to date. The problem, or the "Question", results from the unfeasibility to establish congruency between the strategic, economic and political reasons and aspirations, plans and motives on the one hand, and the ethnic, cultural and linguistic reality of the geographic area defined as "Macedonia", on the other. This automatically means that throughout history (especially after the fall of Samoil’s Kingdom) Macedonia was a battlefield of the long-term interests of the most powerful states in the region, and later on, of the great powers which extended their ambitions to Macedonia. In the course of those battles for the conquest of the Macedonian territory, the facts about the linguistic, ethnic or cultural identity of the people of Macedonia were either openly ignored, coarsely falsified, or systematically distorted and manipulated – in accordance with the momentary possibilities of all those involved in the attempt to usurp Macedonia. Highly organised and mobile nomad units from Turkey crushed the advancement of Serbia which, after the battle of Kosovo Pole in 1389, was liquidated as a Balkan factor for the next five centuries. Two years earlier, the Turks also conquered Thessaloniki for the first time which, except for another short interval (1391), remained continuously within the Turkish Empire from 1430 up to the very end of the 19

78. The Cultural History Of Macedonia - Literature The Cultural history of macedonia Literature. The texts of the Thessalonikibrothers Cyril and Methodius, written in the new alphabet, mark the beginning http://www.macedonia.co.uk/mcic/cultureandart/literature/

Search: MCIC Macedonia EuroSeek Home About MCIC About Macedonia Literature ... Our Services The Cultural History of Macedonia - Literature The texts of the Thessaloniki brothers Cyril and Methodius, written in the new alphabet, mark the beginning of Macedonian literature since the language they were written in was the language spoken by the Macedonian Slavs of Thessaloniki. For that reason, the beginning of literary activity among the Slav peoples is closely related to the beginning of Macedonian literature. The oldest Slavonic texts proving the literacy of mediaeval Macedonia are the Assemani Gospel, the Zograf Gospel, the Codex Marianus, the Sinai Psalter and the Sinai Euchologion, all dating from the 12 th century. It has been ascertained that they were either written on Macedonian soil or contain characteristic traces of mediaeval Macedonian originals. All were written in Glagolitic script, proof of the continued use of this alphabet in Macedonia. During the Middle Ages, monks and other church figures in Macedonia patiently transcribed and copied church works. Besides the famous Ohrid centre, transcription centres also existed on Mt. Athos, in the Monastery of Lesnovo and in monasteries on Mt. Skopska Crna Gora. There, monks transcribed the Gospels

79. Iraq Museum International: Museum Directory Hellenic macedonia Provides a description of macedonian history from a Greek history of macedonia - Extensive information about macedonian history. http://www.baghdadmuseum.org/dir/index.php?c=/Society/History/By_Region/Europe/M

80. Sketches In The History Of Western Philosophy establish his dynasty for the rest of the independent history of macedonia.macedonia became the first of the Hellenistic successor kingdoms to feel the http://www.friesian.com/hist-1.htm

Hellenistic Monarchs down to the Roman Empire The Hellenistic Age suffers from some of the same disabilities as Late Antiquity, i.e. it doesn't measure up to the brilliance of the Golden Age of Greece and of late Republican and early Imperial Rome. However, the Hellenistic world, although mostly not bothering with characteristic Greek experiments like democracy, is where Greece actually became a cosmopolitan culture, a sort of pre-adaptation for the Roman world. Just saying that the Bible begins with the book of Genesis , a Greek word, reflects the degree to which the older cultures of the Middle East came to express themselves in Greek. Several of the Hellenistic Kingdoms, mainly in Anatolia (Armenia, Pontus, Cappadocia, etc.), are domains of non-Greek peoples. Meanwhile, although the literature does not seem as brilliant, mathematics, science, and technology develop rapidly. Archimedes very nearly develops calculus. Eratosthenes estimates the size of the Earth with an accuracy that will not be surpassed until Modern times. Hero of Alexandria builds a kind of steam engine. This remains little more than a toy, but the same cannot be said of the immense engines, often of war, that Hellenstic technology otherwise produces. It is all inherited by the Romans, perhaps symbolicly with the killing of Archimedes at Syracuse by a Roman soldier in 212 (during the Second Punic War, 218-201). All of the tables are mainly based on E.J. Bickerman

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