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         Lunda Indigenous Peoples Africa:     more detail
  1. The Lunda-Ndembu: Style, Change, and Social Transformation in South Central Africa by James Anthony Pritchett, 2001-06-21

21. AllRefer.com - Zaire - Traditional African Religions | Zaire Information Resourc
The wide variety of African indigenous beliefs and practices makes peoples ofthe Savanna lunda Region peoples of the Southern Uplands KasaiShaba
http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire95.html
You are here allRefer Reference Zaire
History
...
Zaire
Zaire
Traditional African Religions
The wide variety of African indigenous beliefs and practices makes generalizations difficult, but some commonalities may nonetheless be noted. In general, Zairians believe themselves to be subject to a number of unseen agents and forces. Most indigenous communities recognize a high god, and many attribute to him the role of creator; otherwise, he has few specific characteristics beyond that of ultimate cause. Far more significant are ancestors, who are believed to continue to play a part in community life long after their death. In general, the living are required to speak respectfully of ancestors and to observe certain rites of respect so that the dead will look favorably on their descendants' activities. Africans do not engage in ancestor "worship;" rather, the living address and relate to their deceased elders in much the same way that they relate to their living ones. Often the terms of address and the gifts given to placate a dead elder are identical to those accorded a living one. Nature spirits live in particular places, such as rivers, rocks, trees, or pools, or in natural forces such as wind and lightning. A typical practice involving a nature spirit in much of northern Zaire is the commonplace tossing of a red item (palm nut, cloth, matches, etc.) in a river before crossing it, particularly in places where the water is rough or turbulent. Thus placated, the spirit will refrain from stirring up the waters or overturning the boat.

22. Central Africa, 1800-1900 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Muse
1800–1870 Increasing pressure from Bamum, Chamba, and Fulani peoples in 1870s–90s The Luba and lunda states dissolve into smallscale chiefdoms under
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/sfc/ht10sfc.htm
Encompasses Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Cabinda, and Angola
See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan The British ban on the international slave trade and the development of Arab-Swahili caravan routes from eastern Africa shifts the trade in slaves to the east. In western Central Africa, heightened demand for local African products such as ivory, wax, and rubber allows previously subjugated or isolated peoples such as the Chokwe to rise to economic prominence and displace traditional powers such as the far-flung Lunda and Luba states . Further east, the Arab-Swahili trade also deprives these polities of the trade on which they are dependent. The emergence of numerous small-scale chiefdoms results in the production of new forms of ornate and luxurious courtly arts across Central Africa. Elsewhere, extended periods of migration in present-day Gabon and political consolidation in modern Cameroon lead to the development of new forms of funerary and courtly art. The European partition of Africa in 1884 provides state support for German, Belgian, English, and Portuguese expeditions into Central Africa that supply newly created ethnographic museums and geographic societies with specimens of material culture from the region.

23. African Masks
African peoples often symbolize death by the colour white rather than Having conquered the indigenous peoples, the lunda gradually assimilated with them
http://www.vub.ac.be/BIBLIO/nieuwenhuysen/african-art/african-art-collection-mas
Pictures / photos / images of some MASKS and headdresses
in the African tribal, antique, ritual, ethnographic, classical, "primitive" art collection
(of variable age, artistic quality, and degree of authenticity)
Many African societies see masks as mediators between the living world and the supernatural world of the dead, ancestors and other entities. Masks became and still become the attribute of a dressed up dancer who gave it life and word at the time of ceremonies.
In producing a mask, a sculptor's aim is to depict a person's psychological and moral characteristics, rather than provide a portrait.
The sculptor begins by cutting a piece of wood and leaving it to dry in the sun; if it cracks, it cannot be used for a mask. African sculptors see wood as a complex living material and believe each piece can add its own feature to their work. Having made certain the wood is suitable, the sculptor begins, using an azde to carve the main features, a chisel to work on details and a rough leaf to sand the piece.
He then paints the mask with pigments such as charcoal (to give a black colour), powders made from vegetable matter or trees (for ochre/earth tones) or mineral powders like clay (to give a white colour).

24. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Zambia - People Facts And Figures
Demographic information and statistics on the people of Zambia. Kaonda, Lozi,lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/za/Zambia_people.htm
Home World Map Rankings
Countries
from A to Z
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Source: www.exchange-rates.org
World
Africa Zambia (Facts) Zambia - People (Facts) Population:
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46.1% (male 2,419,361; female 2,401,538)
15-64 years: 51.1% (male 2,684,001; female 2,667,528)
65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,166; female 157,842) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 1.47% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 38.99 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 24.35 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

25. Congo - A Look At The Past
The indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. the first millenniumAD, Bantuspeaking peoples established themselves throughout Central africa.
http://cp.settlement.org/english/congo/alook.html
A L OOK AT THE P AST T he indigenous peoples in Congo were forest dwellers. Their descendants, primarily members of the Efe and Mbuti tribes, still live as hunters and gatherers in the northern Ituri forest. Late in the first millennium A.D., Bantu-speaking peoples established themselves throughout Central Africa. Their culture was based on ironworking and agriculture, and they largely displaced the indigenous peoples. B y the 15th century, several kingdoms had developed in the area, including Kongo, Kuba, Luba and Lunda. When the Portuguese explorer Diogo Cam reached the mouth of the Congo River in 1482, he discovered that the coastal kingdoms were capturing people from nearby areas and sending them to work as slaves in Saudi Arabia. Over the next few centuries, Portuguese and French traders enslaved millions of Africans, and sent them to work on plantations in North and South America. The slave trade was abolished in 1885. I n 1878, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Anglo-American explorer Henry Morton Stanley to establish outposts along the Congo River. Leopold persuaded other European rulers to recognize Congo as his personal territory, which he named the Congo Free State. D uring Leopold's reign, the Congolese were brutally treated. They were forced to build a railroad and collect ivory and rubber. As many as 10 million Congolese died between 1880 and 1910. When news of the atrocities became public in 1908, the Belgian government took control of the colony and renamed it the Belgian Congo. Although the Belgian government improved working conditions slightly, it too was a harsh ruler and continued to extract natural resources. For years, the Congolese struggled to achieve independence.

26. Encyclopedia Of African History
Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadic Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa alMaghili
http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html
(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.
Early Pre-History

Later Pre-History and Ancient History

Iron Age to End of 18th Century: North Africa

Iron Age to End of 18th Century: Western Africa
...
Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates

Early Pre-History
Climate and Vegetational Change
Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of
Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age
Permanent Settlement, Early
Rock Art: Eastern Africa Rock Art, Saharan Rock Art: Southern Africa Rock Art: Western and Central Africa Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa Stone Age (Later): Western Africa Stone Age, Middle: Cultures back to top Later Pre-History and Ancient History Akhenaten Aksum, Kingdom of

27. Encyclopedia Of African History
Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadicpeoples Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa
http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/azentries.html
(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication.)
A
B C D ... Z
A
'Abd Allah ibn Yasin: Almoravid: Sahara
'Abd al-Mu'min: Almohad Empire, 1140-1269
'Abd al-Qadir
Abouh, Muhammad
Abu Madian, al-Shadhili and the Spread of Sufism in the Maghrib
Abuja
Accra
Achebe, Chinua Adal: Ibrahim, Ahmad ibn, Conflict with Ethiopia, 1526-1543 Addis Ababa African Development Bank (ADB) Africanus, Leo Afrikaans and Afrikaner Nationalism, 19th Century Aghlabid Amirate of Ifriqiya (800-909) Agriculture, Cash Crops, Food Security Ahidjo, Ahmadou Aid, International, NGOs and the State Air, Sultanate of Aja-Speaking Peoples: Aja, Fon, Ewe, 17th and 18th Centuries Aja-speaking Peoples: Dahomey, Rise of, 17th Century

28. Black History
the musical sounds and practices of all indigenous peoples of africa, includingthe Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in
http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/article.do?nKeyValue=384735

29. Untitled Document
Spain, and the indigenous peoples of the American colonial territories. Analyze ways in which the Depression affected colonial peoples of africa and
http://www.bhsonline.org/library/wdetworldhq.htm

30. Angola: Map, History And Much More From Answers.com
Bantuspeaking peoples from West africa arrived in the region in the 13th The Ba-lunda inhabit the lunda district. Along the upper Kunene and in other
http://www.answers.com/topic/angola
showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Government ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Map Local Time Geography Dialing Code Currency Stats Anthem Recipes WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Angola Dictionary (Click to enlarge) Angola (Mapping Specialists, Ltd.) An·go·la ăng-gō lə, ăn-
A country of southwest Africa bordering on the Atlantic Ocean. Previously settled by Bantu-speaking people, the region was colonized by the Portuguese beginning in the 16th century and became an overseas province in 1951. The country achieved independence in 1975, but factional fighting broke out, which elections in 1992 failed to end. Luanda is the capital and the largest city. Population: 10,900,000 . An·go lan var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Angola ăng-gō lə ) , officially Republic of Angola (1994 est. pop. 11,200,000), including the exclave of Cabinda , 481,351 sq mi (1,246,700 sq km), SW Africa. Angola is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the west, by Congo (Kinshasa) on the north and northeast, by Zambia on the east, and by Namibia on the south. Luanda is the capital, largest city, and chief port.

31. CIA - The World Factbook -- Zambia
The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South africa Company lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/za.html
Select a Country or Location World Afghanistan Akrotiri Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Dhekelia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

32. National History Standards - Era 1
Economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of africa, Europe, Evaluate the interplay of indigenous Indian, Persian, and European
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/nchs/standards/worldera6.html
National Standards for History: Part Two Chapter Four World History
Standards for Grades 5-12 Click on each standard
number for details
Era 6
The Emergence of the First Global Age, 1450-1770 Standard 1:

How the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world from 1450 to 1600 led to global transformations
Standard 2

How European society experienced political, economic, and cultural transformations in an age of global intercommunication, 1450-1750
Standard 3

How large territorial empires dominated much of Eurasia between the 16th and 18th centuries
Standard 4

Economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas, 1500-1750 Standard 5 Transformations in Asian societies in the era of European expansion Standard 6 Major global trends from 1450 to 1770 Home Bring History Alive! U.S. History Standards Grades 5-12 History Standards Grades K-4 ... Catalog Overview Giving Shape to World History The Iberian voyages of the late 15th and early 16th centuries linked not only Europe with the Americas but laid down a communications net that ultimately joined every region of the world with every other region. As the era progressed ships became safer, bigger, and faster, and the volume of world commerce soared. The web of overland roads and trails expanded as well to carry goods and people in and out of the interior regions of Eurasia, Africa, and the American continents. The demographic, social, and cultural consequences of this great global link-up were immense. The deep transformations that occurred in the world during this era may be set in the context of three overarching patterns of change.

33. ::. Consortium For Southern Africa Food Security Emergency .::
HIV/AIDS people living with HIV/AIDS, 870000 (1999 est.) Kaonda, Lozi,lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
http://www.c-safe.org/country_data/content_country_zambia.htm
Home About Us Learning Centre Country Data Lesotho Zambia Zimbabwe Gallery ... Contact Us Country Data
Zambia - CIA Fact Book Geography
Location: Southern Africa, east of Angola Geographic coordinates: 15 00 S, 30 00 E Map references: Africa Area: total: 752,614 sq km
water: 11,890 sq km
land: 740,724 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Texas Land boundaries: total: 5,664 km
border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km Coastline: km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) Terrain: mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains Elevation extremes: lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m
highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m Natural resources: copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower Land use: arable land:
permanent crops:
other:
92.89% (1998 est.)

34. Publishing
Contradiction and Ambiguity in Ruwund (lunda) Symbolic Thought of OwnershipClaims Over Natural Resources by indigenous peoples in Papua New Guinea,
http://www.seankingston.co.uk/pubframe.html
OUT NOW! OUT NOW! OUT NOW! NOW LAUNCHED!
Anthropology Matters: Scholarship on Demand - an initiative on behalf of the anthropology community, series editor Prof. Daniel Miller (UCL) COMING SOON!
Palm ...
Teaching and Doctoral Research
About Sean Kingston Publishing
Sean Kingston Publishing is a new and alternative outlet for high quality academic texts within the social sciences, particularly anthropology. Utilising the latest print-on-demand (POD) technology enables print and distribution on both sides of the Atlantic, and makes viable profits on titles less efficient companies would regard as uncommercial.
The publisher takes a personal interest in all books accepted for publication, and believes in close liaison with authors. In providing a straightforward but rigorous avenue to publication, Sean Kingston Publishing hopes to address the needs of anthropology and its allied disciplines, which are increasingly overlooked by many of the larger publishers.
NEW FOR SEPTEMBER 2005
Medical Anthropology in Europe
Teaching and Doctoral Research
Elisabeth Hsu and Doreen Montag
Medical Anthropology is the fastest growing field in anthropology. Over the last three decades it has developed a strong academic and applied importance, both in North America and Europe. This has led to the establishment of a specific degree in medical anthropology at some universities, and to a specialization within general anthropological teaching or within the medical curriculum at others.

35. BHHS Hall Of Fame - Lunda Hoyle Gill
lunda has shared a shower with a poisonous momba snake in africa; the Kikuyu,Masai, and other tribes of africa; the indigenous people of Fiji, Hawaii,
http://bhhs.beverlyhills.k12.ca.us/alums/hall/famers/gill.htm

36. Goldsmith: Ethnocracy: The Lesson From Africa.
Thus the South West africa peoples Organisation (SWAPO), the Angolan territoryis that of the Chokwelunda, whose ancestors created the lunda Empire.
http://www.edwardgoldsmith.com/page112.html
Edward Goldsmith Writer, philosopher, ecological visionary Applied ecology Book reviews Books Broadcasts ... Water, dams, irrigation Select subject... Applied ecology Corporate power Cosmic religion (De-)development Economics Environmental destruction Evolution Feeding the world Global climate Global institutions The Way Health Opposing industrialism Reconsidering science Society Theoretical ecology Traditional agriculture Trees and forests War Water, dams, irrigation
Select medium... Book reviews Books Broadcasts Debates Ecologist articles The Great U-turn The Way Interviews Tributes
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The Ecologist L'Ecologiste L'Ecologist Ecologist archive
Ethnocracy: The lesson from Africa
This controversial article sets out the roots of Africa's continuing wars, strife and poverty as the outcome of the colonial powers' creation of artificial borders that defy ethnic and religious boundaries. Now frozen in the modern nations of Africa, these boundaries combined with the tribalisation of politics have created a mess from which it will be near impossible for Africa to emerge. But the federal system of Germany and the Cantons of Switzerland offer a model for a more peaceful and secure future. Published in The Ecologist Vol. 10 No. 4, April / May 1980.

37. Behind The Mask
BEHIND THE MASK a website on gay and lesbian affairs in africa Kaonda, Lozi,lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
http://www.mask.org.za/SECTIONS/AfricaPerCountry/ABC/zambia/zambia_index.html
BEHIND THE MASK a website on gay and lesbian affairs in Africa
return to mask
zambia
about zambia official name:
Republic of Zambia
capital: Lusaka
head of state: President Levy Mwanawasa
state: multi party democracy
population: 10,9 milion
independence: from Britain in 1964
languages: English (official), also Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
religion: Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, traditional African 1% currency: Zambian kwacha (ZMK) media: The Monitor newspaper or The Post www.zamnet.zm and Trendsetters monthly www.trendseters.org.zm The Zambian http://www.thezambian.com legal wise status of homosexuality: illegal age of consent: laws covering homosexual activity: Zambian Penal code Cap 87 Section 115; Unnatural Offences Any person who a] has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature OR b] has carnal knowledge of an animal OR c] permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for fourteen years.[As amended by No. 26 of 1933] The Penal code of Zambia Cap 87 Section 157 Any male person who whether in public or in private commits any act of gross indecency with another male person or procures another male person to commit any act of gross indecency with him or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any male person with himself or with another male person whether in public or in private is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for five years. [as amended by no 26. of 1933]

38. Zambia
Principal source South africa 65.1 (2001) Arable land 7.1 (2000 est) 16th century Immigration of peoples from Luba and lunda Empires of Zaire,
http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/zambia.html
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From: www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/
ENCYCLOPAEDIA
Hutchinson's
Encyclopaedia
Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported
Frames not supported Country Search Find a country's flag, map or national anthem here. Click on a letter to find the country:
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Or search for a country: Hutchinson Country Facts Zambia
General Information

Government

Economy and resources

Population and society
... Chronology GENERAL INFORMATION National name Republic of Zambia Area 752,600 sq km/290,578 sq mi Capital Lusaka Major towns/cities Kitwe, Ndola, Kabwe, Mufulira, Chingola, Luanshya, Livingstone Physical features forested plateau cut through by rivers; Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, Kariba Dam back to top GOVERNMENT Head of state and government Levy Mwanawasa from 2002 Political system emergent democracy Political executive limited presidency Administrative divisions nine provinces Political parties United National Independence Party (UNIP), African socialist; Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), moderate, left of centre; Multiracial Party (MRP), moderate, left of centre, multiracial; National Democratic Alliance (NADA), left of centre; Democratic Party (DP), left of centre Armed forces 21,600; plus paramilitary forces of 1,400 (2002 est)

39. Zambia
Lozi, lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga; about 70 other indigenous languages Zambia, a landlocked country in southcentral africa, is about one-tenth
http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108165.html
in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia
Daily Almanac for
Sep 23, 2005

40. Zimbabwe Travel Products And Chichewa, English (UK), Lunda, Ndebele, Shona Langu
border countries Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1231 km, South africa 225 km, Religions syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%,
http://www.worldlanguage.com/Countries/Zimbabwe.htm
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Languages 5 languages are spoken in Zimbabwe. We have 142 products available for 4 of those languages.
Capital: Harare Population: Geography Location: Southern Africa, northeast of Botswana Geographic coordinates: 20 00 S, 30 00 E Map references: Africa Area:
total : 390,580 sq km
land: 386,670 sq km
water: 3,910 sq km Area - comparative: slightly larger than Montana Land boundaries:
total: 3,066 km
border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km Coastline: km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none (landlocked) Climate: tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)

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