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41. Encyclopedia: Music Of Kenya
luhya (Luhia) (Abaluhya) is a group of Bantu languages spoken in the western A Maasai tribesman The Maasai or Masai are an indigenous African tribe of
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Music-of-Kenya

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    Encyclopedia: Music of Kenya
    Updated 41 days 21 hours 19 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Music of Kenya East African music Burundi Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Rwanda Seychelles Somalia Sudan ... Uganda Out of all the African countries, Kenya has perhaps the most diverse assortment of popular music forms, in addition to multiple types of folk music Zanzibaran taarab music has also become popular, as has imported hip hop reggae soul soukous ... funk and Europop Africa is the worlds second-largest continent and third most populous. ... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and mostly distributed commercially. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ...

    42. Active Travel - Specialists In Asian And African Travel
    Offer small group travel to people who want to get off the beaten track, People Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,
    http://www.activeco.co.nz/africa/about_africa.shtml
    Home About Us Bookings Contact Us ... Introduction Safaris / Tours Camping Accommodated Bookings Photo Gallery ... Sunway Tours
    E-mail About Africa Botswana Area : 581,700 sq km
    Population : 1.7 million
    People : Tswana, Batswana, Bakalanga, Basarwa, Bakgalagadi, Kalanga, Kgalagadi
    Language : Setswana, English, Bantu
    Attractions : Gaborone, Chobe National Park, Okavango Delta, Serowe Environment
    MALAWI Area: 118,500 sq km
    Population: 11 million
    People : Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
    Language: English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
    Attractions: Nkhata Bay, Liwonde National Park, Mount Mulanje, Lake Malawi. Environment Malawi is a small landlocked country located between Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique. Lake Malawi takes up a 5th of the country on the eastern side. Malawi is tropical and warm year round. May to July is cooler and dry while November to April is warm with rain (we do not tour during the main rainy season). Take light clothing as well as warmer clothes for the mountains and on winter evenings.

    43. Kenya-Country Information
    The first people to settle in Kenya were indigenous African communities Bantu This includes the Kikuyu (Gikuyu), luhya, Kamba, Embu, Meru, and Kisii.
    http://kabiza.com/Kenya-Country-Information.htm
    Kenya Country Information (Kenya National Anthem) Kenya's Name Kenya - a wonderful sounding word is named after a mountain of the same name. It was given by the Kikuyu people who lived around present day Mt. Kenya which they referred to as Kirinyaga or Kerenyaga, meaning ‘mountain of whiteness’ because of its snow capped peak (yes, Africa does have snow capped peaks). Mt Kirinyaga which was the main landmark became synonymous with the territory the British later claimed as their colony. However, the name Kenya arose out of the inability of the British and others to pronounce Kirinyaga correctly. When one hears the name "Kenya," there are images of the savannas, animals, safari trips, the Rift Valley, the Indian Ocean coastline and Lake Victoria but Kenya is over (2003 estimate) 30 million people of various ethnic groups (47) and backgrounds and without having met the people of Kenya, one has not seen the real, living Kenya. Early Visitors and Settlers The first people to settle in Kenya were indigenous African communities who migrated from various parts of the continent (Kenya is made up of various people groupings). Other visitors included traders, explorers, missionaries, slave-traders and travelers who came in from various parts of the world such as Portugal, Arabia, Roman empire, India, Greece and as far as China. They visited mainly the East African Coast from as early as the first century A.D. While the majority of the visitors went back to their countries, some settled, and intermarried with the local populations giving rise to a new Swahili culture along the Coast which has a strong Arabian flavor.

    44. Kenyan People Kenya S People Kenyas People
    Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Religions Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%,
    http://www.travelblog.org/World/ke-ppl.html

    45. Daystar Mission Trip
    luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, Religion Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%,
    http://www.daystarus.org/ambassador/kenyaprofile.htm
    Daystar Ambassadors
    Kenya - Country Profile
    Key Facts Area: 582,646 sq km
    Capital: Nairobi
    Population: 31 million
    Language: Official languages are English and Swahili, but most people speak a tribal language first (there are 61 languages in use).
    Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African 1%
    Religion: Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2%.
    Resources: Tea, coffee, horticultural products, petroleum products
    Currency: Shilling
    Life expectancy at birth: 47 years Map Brief History The “Cradle of Humanity” has long been a popular spot for paleontologists searching for evidence of early modern humans. Stone and Iron Age cultures thrived in the region, with the earliest of the modern inhabitants arriving in the region in around 2,000 B.C.
    Arabs settled in the area from the 10th century, mingling with local cultures and trading into the interior. The Portuguese arrived in the 16th century, occupying or sacking trading outposts right along the East African coast. Their colonial rule was harsh, but their grip was tenuous, as the posts needed to be supplied from Goa in India. The Arabs managed to win control back from the Portuguese in 1720.
    The region suffered a decline in prosperity after the depredations of the Portuguese era, meaning the other European countries had little interest in tapping into its wealth. In the interior, the Masai gradually achieved control over many of the other groups, controlling the Rift Valley and Abadere Highlands right up until the 1880s.

    46. Republic Of Kenya, Republic Of Kenya Geography, Republic Of Kenya People, Republ
    Eastern africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%,
    http://zhenghe.tripod.com/k/kenya/
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    Republic of Kenya
    former: British East Africa
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    INTRODUCTION
    Background: Founding president and liberation struggle icon Jomo KENYATTA led Kenya from independence until his death in 1978, when current President Daniel Toroitich arap MOI took power in a constitutional succession. The country was a de facto one-party state from 1969 until 1982 when the ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU) made itself the sole legal party in Kenya. MOI acceded to internal and external pressure for political liberalization in late 1991. The ethnically fractured opposition failed to dislodge KANU from power in elections in 1992 and 1997, which were marred by violence and fraud, but are viewed as having generally reflected the will of the Kenyan people. President MOI stepped down in December of 2002 following fair and peaceful elections. Mwai KIBAKI of the Democratic Party of Kenya defeated KANU candidate Uhuru KENYATTA and assumed the presidency following a campaign centered on an anticorruption platform.

    47. Kenya People - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Curr
    Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Religions Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%,
    http://www.photius.com/wfb1999/kenya/kenya_people.html


    Kenya
    People
      Population: 28,808,658 (July 1999 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (male 6,244,321; female 6,104,181) 15-64 years: 54% (male 7,845,083; female 7,826,442) 65 years and over: 3% (male 343,449; female 445,182) (1999 est.) Population growth rate: 1.59% (1999 est.) Birth rate: 30.8 births/1,000 population (1999 est.) Death rate: 14.58 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.) Net migration rate: -0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (1999 est.) Infant mortality rate: 59.07 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.02 years male: 46.56 years female: 47.49 years (1999 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.88 children born/woman (1999 est.) Nationality: noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1%

    48. FACT SHEET: Republic Of Kenya At A Glance
    Cushiticspeaking people from northern africa moved into the area that is now Kenya Ethnic Groups Kikuyu 22 percent, luhya 14 percent, Luo 13 percent,
    http://deploymentlink.osd.mil/deploy/info/africa/kenya/index.shtml
    FACT SHEET: Republic of Kenya at a Glance Background Kenya is the heart of African safari country, boasting the most diverse collection of wild animals on the continent. There is an annual mass migration of wildebeests in the Masai Mara. Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids lived in the area 2.6 million years ago. Cushitic-speaking people from northern Africa moved into the area that is now Kenya beginning around 2000 B.C. Arab traders began frequenting the Kenya coast around the first century. Kenya's proximity to the Arabian Peninsula invited colonization, and Arab and Persian settlements sprouted along the coast by the eighth century. During the first millennium A.D., Nilotic and Bantu peoples moved into the region. The Swahili language, a mixture of Bantu and Arabic, developed as a lingua franca for trade between the different people. Arab dominance on the coast was eclipsed by the arrival in 1498 of the Portuguese, who were drawn by spices and money. After venturing further and further down the western coast of Africa, Vasco da Gama finally rounded the Cape of Good Hope and headed up the continent's eastern coast in 1498. Seven years later, the Portuguese onslaught on the region began. By the 16th century, most of the indigenous Swahili trading towns, including Mombasa, had been either sacked or occupied by the Portuguese - marking the end of the Arab monopoly of the Indian Ocean trade.

    49. CIA -- The World Factbook 2000 -- Ethnic Groups
    Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people
    http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact2000/fields/ethnic_groups.html
    [Field Listing] The World Factbook Home] Ethnic groups
    (Country profile category: People) Afghanistan:
    Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania:
    Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.)
    note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization) Algeria:
    Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% American Samoa:
    Samoan (Polynesian) 89%, Caucasian 2%, Tongan 4%, other 5% Andorra:
    Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) Angola:
    Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Anguilla:
    black Antigua and Barbuda:
    black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Argentina: white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%, mestizo, Amerindian, or other nonwhite groups 3% Armenia: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia

    50. Islamic World.Net: Countries
    Ogiek.org supporting the rights of the indigenous people whose Mau Forest Nature Kenya The East africa Natural History Society - working to
    http://islamic-world.net/countries/kenya.htm
    Other Sections: H O M E Our Plan Our Policy Our Papers Parenting Sister's Page Muslim Youth Children's Page Shahadah Da'wah Khalifah Asphorism Islamic Books Islamic News Multimedia Countries Links Index Ask Scholar Search Engines Contact Us H O M E
    countries
    Country Facts GOV E D U ... General Country Facts
    Location:
    Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Population: Ethnic groups:
    Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs 26%, Muslim 7%, other 1% Languages: English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous languages Area: total: 582,650 sq km, land: 569,250 sq km, water: 13,400 sq km Natural resources: gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, rubies, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower
    G O V
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    51. Earlham College –– Biology Department –– Kakamega Forest
    By the beginning of this century, the Tiriki subtribe of the luhya had settled Kakamega forest, as well as other indigenous forests, provide several
    http://www.earlham.edu/biology/content/Kakamega/conservation.html
    Kakamega Forest Earlham College Biology Department Kakamega Home Ecology ... Other Links Why Conserve Kakamega Forest? Twenty percent of Kenya's species are endemic to the country, a majority of which are endemic to it's forests. At the turn of the century there were 240,000 hectares (ha) of rain forest in Kenya. Now there are only 23,000 ha left due to severe deforestation and fragmentation. For the most part this is due to encroachment of shambas (small farms) and tea plantations as well as both legal and illegal government sanctioned harvesting by the timber industry. Kakamega forest is the eastern-most rain forest in East Africa and the only rainforest found in Kenya. As an equatorial rain forest, it receives approximately two meters of rain per year, concentrated in two wet seasons. These environmental conditions create a forest that is extremely high in diversity of plant and animal life.
    Past Management Kakamega forest has provided numerous and invaluable resources to the surrounding people for hundreds of years. By the beginning of this century, the Tiriki subtribe of the Luhya had settled around the forest and were farming as much in the forest as around it. Fuel wood, grass for thatching, medicinal plants and trees, and land for grazing have been services that the forest has provided.

    52. Szirine Magazine - Kenya - Elizabeth Mumbi Waichinga, The Mugumo Fig Tree Of Ken
    Ethnicities Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, indigenous people worldwide are accustomed to take what they need and leave what
    http://www.szirine.com/countrytemplate.php?category=Columns&country=Kenya&id=71

    53. Demographics Of Kenya - Encyclopedia Article About Demographics Of Kenya.
    luhya refers both to the people and the luhya languages, See also MaasaiMaasai or Masai are an indigenous African tribe of seminomadic people located
    http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Demographics of Kenya
    Domain='thefreedictionary.com' word='Demographics of Kenya' Your help is needed: American Red Cross The Salvation Army join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/
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    Demographics of Kenya
    0.03 sec. Page tools Printer friendly
    Cite / link Email Feedback Kenya Kenya (pronounced as KEN-ya) is a country of East Africa, bordering Ethiopia (north), Somalia (north-east), Tanzania (south), Uganda (west), Sudan (north-west) and the Indian Ocean. Nairobi is its capital and largest city.
    History
    Main article: History of Kenya Fossils found in East Africa suggest that protohumans roamed the area more than 20 million years ago. Recent finds near Kenya's Lake Turkana indicate that hominids like Homo habilis and Homo erectus lived in Kenya from 2.6 million years ago. Click the link for more information. has a very diverse population that includes most major language groups of Africa
    Africa (disambiguation)
    Africa Click the link for more information.

    54. Race And Ethnicity Blood Type Analysis - BloodBook.com, Blood Information For Li
    BLOOD TYPES OF RACE ETHNIC peoples BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS TEST RESULTS OF Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru,
    http://www.bloodbook.com/race-eth.html
    RACE and ETHNIC BLOOD TYPE ANALYSIS
    BLOODBOOK.COM TO HOME PAGE CLOSE WINDOW Racial and Ethnic Distribution of Blood Types
    African American Black Blood Donor Emergency
    COUNTRY RACIAL and/or ETHNIC ANALYSIS of PEOPLE GROUPS Afghanistan Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Uzbek 6%, Hazara 19%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3% Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, Mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian (see Barbuda) Argentina European 97% (mostly of Spanish and Italian descent), 3% other (mostly Indian or Mestizo) Armenia Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Australia Caucasian 95%, Asian 4%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1%

    55. Environmental Justice Cast Study: Maasai Land Rights In Kenya And Tanzania
    The indigenous people consider development, whether it is through tourism or The Maasai people probably arrived in East africa during the 15th century
    http://www.umich.edu/~snre492/Jones/maasai.htm
    Environmental Justice Case Study: Maasai Land Rights in Kenya and Tanzania By: Julie Narimatsu Table of Contents Problem Background Key Actors Demographics ... Back to EJ Case Studies Homepage PROBLEM While many people perceive the term eco-tourism to mean a more friendly, sustainable kind of tourism, most are not aware of the negative impacts that result from this type of tourism. Most of what goes on is what is considered "nature tourism." It is based on the use of natural resources in an undeveloped state. Therefore, when tourists engage in "nature tourism," they are seeing the wilds of Africa, South America and Australia, among other destinations, free of human interaction or disruption. To distinguish among the many types of tourism, we will define the more idealistic eco-tourism as "progressive, educational travel, which conserves the environment and benefits the locals (Schaller, 2)." In Africa, the Maasai tribes of Kenya and Tanzania have endured a long history of colonization by the British. The value of the natural resources in these areas became apparent from the very beginning, when the British perceived the pastoralist Maasai and other tribes to be incompatible with the wildlife that inhabited the area. With this separation of people and nature, national parks in Kenya were created without any consideration for the local communities (Cheeseman, 2). Today, these problems have escalated as more and more parks and reserves are being created by the government without the participation or consent of the indigenous people. The indigenous people consider development, whether it is through tourism or other government projects, to only benefit others and not their own situations (Kipuri, 2). Over the course of their existence, Maasai land has been taken away from them repeatedly, and after many broken promises of compensation and participation, the Maasai have started to fight for their land rights. Says Edward ole Mbarnoti, a Maasai leader

    56. Kenya (09/05)
    Ethnic groups africanKikuyu 21%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Cushiticspeaking people from northern africa moved into the area that is now
    http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2962.htm
    Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes
    Bureau of African Affairs
    September 2005
    Background Note: Kenya

    PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME:
    Republic of Kenya
    Geography
    Area: 582,646 sq. km. (224,960 sq mi.); slightly smaller than Texas.
    Cities: Capital Nairobi (pop. 2.1 million). Other cities Mombasa (665,000), Kisumu (504,000), Nakuru (1.2 million).
    Terrain: Kenya rises from a low coastal plain on the Indian Ocean in a series of mountain ridges and plateaus which stand above 3,000 meters (9,000 ft.) in the center of the country. The Rift Valley bisects the country above Nairobi, opening up to a broad arid plain in the north. Mountain plains cover the south before descending to the shores of Lake Victoria in the west.
    Climate: Varies from the tropical south, west, and central regions to arid and semi-arid in the north and the northeast. People
    Nationality: Noun and adjective Kenyan(s). Population (2002 est.): 30 million. Annual growth rate (2003 est.): 1.7%. Ethnic groups: African Kikuyu 21%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Meru 5%.

    57. 1Up Travel > Kenya People - Facts About People Of Kenya Can Be Found Here.
    Information related to People of Kenya with respect to Population, Ethnic groups,Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%,
    http://www.1uptravel.com/international/africa/kenya/people.html

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    Kenya People Top of Page Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 41.95% (male 6,524,776; female 6,381,192)

    58. Incentives To Learn By MICHAEL KREMER, EDWARD MIGUEL, AND REBECCA THORNTON - Edu
    Busia’s 370600 people are mainly from a Bantuspeaking ethnic group, the luhya, indigenous religious beliefs and traditional taboos remain stronger in
    http://www.educationnext.org/20052/57.html
    Incentives to Learn
    by MICHAEL KREMER, EDWARD MIGUEL, AND REBECCA THORNTON
    Proposals for education reform generally focus on teachers and curricula. But the most important factor in education may be the student himself or herself. A growing number of states, including Georgia, Michigan, New York, and Massachusetts, have established programs that provide financial rewards in the form of merit scholarships for college for students who perform well academically. However, such programs are controversial with some educators, and the structure of many existing programs in the United States makes it difficult to evaluate rigorously the impact of such incentive programs because it is hard to identify for comparison a credible group of students who were not eligible for the program.
    A Deficit of Data on Merit Scholarships Prior to our study, we had little information on the value of using scholarships as incentives to learn. One of the few existing sources of evidence in the United States is Georgia’s HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally) scholarship program, which awards college scholarships to high school students who graduate with at least a B average and attend college in-state. After the program was introduced in 1993, the average SAT score for the Peach State’s high school seniors rose almost 40 points. But since all students in the state were eligible, there was no way of determining, with a reliable degree of certainty, whether factors other than the scholarship had also contributed to the outcomes.

    59. Kenya
    Kenya is located in Eastern africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, 31140000 people;Kikuyu (22%); luhya (14%); Luo (13%); Kalenjin (12%); Kamba (11%)
    http://www.elca.org/countrypackets/kenya/country-print.html
    Kenya
    Physical.
    Kenya is located in Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Tanzania and Somalia. It covers an area about twice the size of Nevada. Kenya has a tropical climate along the coast, turning increasingly arid farther inland. Low plains rise into central highlands bisected by the Great Rift Valley, with a fertile plateau in the west. Natural resources include gold, limestone, soda ash, salt barites, fluorspar, garnets, wildlife, hydropower, and rubies.
    People. Over 31 million people live in Kenya. Both English and Swahili are official languages of Kenya, while numerous indigenous languages are spoken as well. Ethnically, Kenya is comprised primarily of Africans (99%) including the following groups: Kikuyu (22%) Luhya (14%) Luo (13%) Kalenjin (12%) and Kamba (11%). The country's religious groups include Protestant (38%) Roman Catholic (28%) indigenous beliefs (8%) and others.
    Government. In December 2002, Miwai Kibaki ended the 24 year rule of Kenya’s second president, Daniel arap Moi in a landslide. Moi’s earlier designation of the son of the first president as his successor, caused a number of cabinet resignations and solidified the opposition. The elections took place against a backdrop of economic adversity caused by a recession which was due to drop in tourism. International terrorist activities, and spiraling criminal and political violence account for the drop in tourism.
    Economy.

    60. Comments On Africa And "Kwanzaa"
    Corn isn t indigenous to africa. Mexican Indians developed it, and the crop wascarried I love africa, and still love the african tribes people.
    http://gospelweb.net/CultureWar/kwanzaa.htm
    Comments On Africa and "Kwanzaa"
    By James Dearmore - gospelweb.net
    E-Mail Webmaster
    Some Parts Adapted (and enlarged) from various press reports.
    Printer Friendly Page.
    While it is true that blacks in America, (and in many other parts of the world), have in years past suffered many insults and degradations, one of the worst insults goes by the name of "Kwanzaa". It has been promoted since 1966 among the blacks of the world, and is still being pushed as a "black" substitute for Christmas.
    Ron Karenga (aka Dr. Maulana Ron Karenga) invented the seven-day feast (Dec. 26-Jan. 1) in 1966, branding it a black alternative to Christmas. The idea was to celebrate the end of what he considered the Christmas-season exploitation of African Americans.
    According to the official Kwanzaa Web site - - - as opposed, say, to the Hallmark Cards Kwanzaa site - - - the celebration was designed to foster "conditions that would enhance the revolutionary social change for the masses of Black Americans" and provide a "reassessment, reclaiming, recommitment, remembrance, retrieval, resumption, resurrection and rejuvenation of those principles (way of life) utilized by Black Americans' ancestors."
    Karenga postulated seven principles: unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith, each of which gets its day during Kwanzaa week. He and his votaries also crafted a flag of black nationalism and a pledge: "We pledge allegiance to the red, black, and green, our flag, the symbol of our eternal struggle, and to the land we must obtain; one nation of black people, with one God of us all, totally united in the struggle, for black love, black freedom, and black self-determination."

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