21. Oneworldbooks. indigenous music theatre of the Tsonga people of South africa External influenceon the Litungu traditional popular music of the luhya in Kenya http://www.oneworldbooks.com/detail.asp?id_Book=1817

22. Background Notes Archive - Africa Ethnic groups AfricanKikuyu 21 percent, luhya 14 percent, NonAfricanAsian,European, Arab 1 percent. Religions indigenous beliefs 24 percent, http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/bgnotes/af/kenya9607.html

Return to Africa Background Notes Archive Return to Background Notes Archive Homepage Return to Electronic Research Collection Homepage

23. Worldstats: Providing Information About Our World! From the beginning, the indigenous peoples strongly resisted the imposition offoreign Since East africa attracted many British immigrants, Kenya had a http://www.worldstats.org/world/kenya.shtml

Home Countries Big Cities World ... Useful Links Kenya Quick Overview: Geography: Location: Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania Area: total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km water: 13,400 sq km Land boundaries: total: 3,477 km border countries: Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232 km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km Elevation extremes: lowest point: Indian Ocean m highest point: Mount Kenya 5,199 m Geography - note: the Kenyan Highlands comprise one of the most successful agricultural production regions in Africa; glaciers are found on Mount Kenya, Africa's second highest peak; unique physiography supports abundant and varied wildlife of scientific and economic value People: Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.) Population growth rate: 2.56% (2005 est.)

24. East African Wildlife Society - Kenya's Forests Are Disappearing: So What? Protecting the remaining indigenous forests of Kenya is absolutely vital tot he but is now densely settled and cultivated by the luhya and Luo peoples. http://www.easternarc.org/pub/disappearing_forest.html

News Directory Library Map ... Links East African Wild Life Society - Kenya's forests are disappearing: So What? Originally printed in Swara magazine, April - September, 1999 Kenya is a semi-arid country. Less than two percent of the nation is covered by what is known as high or closed canopy forest. With forests occupying such an apparently insignificant area, why has preserving the few forest blocks that remain become such a major environmental and political issue? Peter Wass explains. The ongoing fuss over Nairobi's Karura Forest is both bad news and good news. Not good news is the attempt to allocate state forest reserve land for private development as political patronage. Karura has both an intrinsic and symbolic value. Given its high profile location in the capital city – it houses the headquarters of the Forestry Department and is situated on the doorstep of the United Nations Environment Programme – Karura has become a symbolic flagship for the forests of Kenya nationally. From that perspective, the attempt to remove part of it without either social or environmental justification sends a very gloomy signal nationally and internationally that forests reserves can be used as a free land reservoir to be handed out when political considerations demand. To make matters worse, much of the area in question is not man-made plantation but natural forest unique to the Nairobi region. It consists of indigenous trees and plants – some of them increasingly rare, such as the high quality hardwood Brachylaena – and provides habitat for a variety of wildlife: birds, butterflies, small antelopes and other mammals. And, the thousand hectares (2,500 acres) of Karura represent one of only two major greenbelt reserves within the current limits of a rapidly growing and polluted capital city where most of the urban population lives in congested settlements dismally devoid of trees or green parks.

25. Report Of The Secretary-General On (b) Poster on the International Decade of the World s indigenous People africa. luhya. Umbundu/Ovimbundu. Lunda/Chokwelunda. Wolof. Afrikaans http://www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/(Symbol)/A.53.313.En?OpenDocument

26. Foundation For Endangered Languages. Newsletter 15 Yet organizations defending indigenous peoples rights cite cases where on the major African languages of Kenya Kiswahili, Kikuyu, luhya and Dholuo. http://www.ogmios.org/155.htm

Foundation for Endangered Languages Home Manifesto Membership details Proceedings ... Bibliography 5. Allied Societies and Activities The Asmara Declaration on African Languages and Literatures (Jan. 2000) At this historic conference, we writers and scholars from all regions of Africa gathered in Asmara, Eritrea declare that: 1 African languages must take on the duty, the responsibility and the challenge of speaking for the continent. 2 The vitality and equality of African languages must be recognized as a basis for the future empowerment of African peoples. 3 The diversity of African languages reflects the rich cultural heritage of Africa and must be used as an instrument of African unity. 4 Dialogue among African languages is essential: African languages must use the instrument of translation to advance communication among all people, including the disabled. 5 All African children have the unalienable right to attend school and learn in their mother tongues. Every effort should be made to develop African languages at all levels of education. 6 Promoting research on African languages is vital for their development, while the advancement of African research and documentation will be best served by the use of African languages.

27. Study Abroad In Kenya Essay 1 when Europeans first came to africa and called the indigenous peoples savages There were people in Muslim dress, people in african dress, and people http://www.coe.uga.edu/coenews/2001/Kenya_Marla.htm

Marla Scott , a junior in biology, from Winterville. “Don’t cry because it is over, smile because it happened.” One of the other students who participated in the Kenya Study Abroad program with me this year sent me an email with these words of wisdom in it. I feel that it directly applies to my experiences, and when I think of the time I spent in Kenya, a smile always comes to my face and a longing to someday return. The trip, which spanned twenty-four days and took us to many different cities, parks, and natural areas of Kenya, changed the way that I look at the world. In fact, upon my return I expected my home to be different, the people to be changed. It took me a while to realize that everything was exactly as it was before, and that it was my views that had been drastically altered. And each time someone asks me “How was Africa?” I feel a little helpless in knowing I can’t possibly justify the magnitude of my experience in a couple sentences. From the moment we stepped off the airplane I was a giddy, wide-eyed, airplane creased explorer. All thoughts of being professional fled my mind with that first breathe of Kenyan air, and I think I can safely say that all of the people on the trip spent that first night saying “Wow, this is Kenyan dirt” or “Look, it’s an African tree”.

28. Africa Access Review Of Children S Materials, Ed. Brenda Randolph Review Each volume in The Heritage Library of African peoples is about the The indigenous people are pejoratively referred to as tribespeople. http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Proceedings_Rev/afrik_access.html

UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA - AFRICAN STUDIES CENTER Africa Access Review Of Children's Materials, ed. Brenda Randolph Introduction ISBN: 0-03-047424 Subjects: Africa/Literature/African Americans/Diaspora Review: This textbook on African American literature includes selections by some of Africa's most outstanding writers. Claude Ake, Buchi Emecheta, Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Leopold Senghor, and Amos Tutuloa are among the writers included. In addition, there are two works from the past, a poem by Pharoah Akhenaton, and an excerpt from Olaudah Equiano's famous narrative on his capture and enslavement in the 1700s. These selections and others in the text are preceded by background notes and information on the literary form being highlighted. At the conclusion of each offering, a "Responding to the Selection" section provides a review of the material covered. Additional features include a map of Africa which shows the birthplaces of the contributors, a pronunciation guide for Igbo words, and splendid photographs, many of which are in color. This outstanding collection is a must purchase for all schools. (Brenda Randolph) Subjects: Folklore/Mpongwe/West Africa Subjects: Ethiopia/ East Africa Review: This book portrays contemporary Ethiopian life in most of its vital aspects. Unfortunately, much has changed that raise question marks, for example, Lenin's statue in Addis Ababa which was toppled with the fall of the Mengistu government. However, for the curious young reader that should not be a problem; helped by a knowledgeable teacher, the rest of the pictures can fill in some gap in the knowledge of young students about Africa. (Bereket Habte Selassie)

29. Minorities At Risk (MAR) While no single group forms a majority, the luhya (14%) are the second largestgroup after The colonial settlers forcibly evicted the indigenous African http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/inscr/mar/data/kenluhya.htm

Luhya in Kenya Luhya population (1998 est): 3.97 million which is 14% of Kenya's population of 28.34 million. (Group and country population compiled from various sources.) Group type: communal contender Click here to view General Chronology Risk Assessment There is only one factor that increases the chances of future protest actions by the Luhya: significant political restrictions that include limits on free movement, voting, and recruitment to the police, military, and high political office. Low-level protest by group members only emerged in the late 1990s. The elections to choose a successor to Moi, scheduled for late 2002, will likely influence the group's political prospects. Analytic Summary More than forty ethnic groups comprise Kenya's population. While no single group forms a majority, the Luhya (14%) are the second largest group after the Kikuyu (22%). Other significant populations include the Luo (13%), Kalenjin (12%), and Kisii (6%) along with smaller groups of indigenous peoples such as the Somalis, Maasai, and Turkana. The term Luhya was first introduced during the colonial era to refer to a linguistic grouping that consists of fifteen different peoples (LANG = 1). They are the Bukusu, Dakho, Kabras, Khayo, Kisa, Marachi, Maragoli, Marama, Nyala, Nyole, Samia, Tachoni, Tiriki, Tsotso, and Wanga. The Luhya follow the same customs as the country's larger groups (CUSTOM = 0). Group members primarily live in the Western Province and adjacent areas of the Rift Valley Province. There has been little group movement across the country's regions (MIGRANT = 1).

30. East Africa Living Encyclopedia The principal nonindigenous ethnic minorities are the Arabs and Asians. With a Pre-Historic People The Akikuyu of British East africa. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kethnic.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Kenya Map,Flag,Anthem Agriculture Archaeology Communications ... r (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Kenya Ethnic Groups The Kikuyu, Meru, Gusii, Embu, Akamba, Luyha (or alternate spelling of Luyia), Swahili and Mijikenka The Kikuyu Ngai

31. Kenya - History And Politics Famine and disease weakened both peoples at the end of the nineteenth century . In 1888 the British East africa Association (later Company) was http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Kenya/Politics.html

Geographic Map General Information Geography Natural Resources ... KENYA History and Politics Constitution - adopted 12 December 1963, amended as a republic 1964; reissued with amendments 1979, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1997. Legal system - based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law Legislative branch - unicameral National Assembly (222 seats) Elections - last held December 1997 Pre-colonial history Colonisation Post Independence Multi-party democracy. International criticism of government behaviour developed into suspension of aid and support to Kenya. Within the state lawyers, religious groups and political leadership began to co-operate in demanding multi-party democracy. The combined pressures resulted in 1991 in the repeal by parliament of the constitutional clause making Kenya a one party state. The elections in 1992 saw opposition parties winning 88 of the 200 seats in parliament. The government continued to divide the opposition, to deploy state assets to promote its own party political agenda and to play the ethnic/regional division card to keep control. By the time of the 1997 elections the opposition had increased its share of the seats to 109 out of 222 seats, but remained hopelessly divided. Current Political Situation, 2001

32. Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 Instead, they now face losing more land, as nonindigenous people attempt to When the Maasai went to the British Court of Appeals for Eastern africa, http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue10/Africa/maasai-2.html

A FRICA MDA Testimony at the UN Working Group At the 1993 meeting of the UNWGIP and also at the 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, the MDA articulated the major problems that currently threaten Maasai culture and identity. The delegation presented testimony describing the ecological degradation of Maasailand, the lack of adequate educational facilities, Maasai displacement at the hands of competing peoples, and the misappropriation of funds earmarked for indigenous development projects. Foremost among the MDA's concerns is the desire to recover lands in Kenya's Rift Valley Province, which were lost through dispossession over the past century. Because Maasai culture is inextricably bound to the land, their concern is understandable; dispossession of territory threatens to obliterate their culture. In addition to its fear of increasing landlessness, the MDA explains that the Maasai have also been unable to achieve compensation for lands already taken from them. In particular, a great part of Maasailand was set aside for game reserves and national parks to expand Kenya's tourist economy, but to date, the Maasai have not benefitted from that development. Instead, they now face losing more land, as non-indigenous people attempt to buy it (or otherwise take it) from them. And while encroachment disrupts the cultural integrity of the Maasai, unsound farming methods used by non-indigenous peoples further upset the delicate ecological balance of the Rift Valley. The MDA claims that the unrestrained use of the herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers has polluted water sources in grazing areas.

33. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Kenya - People Facts And Figures Demographic information and statistics on the people of Kenya. Ethnic groups,Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ke/Kenya_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Kenya (Facts) Kenya - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 40.6% (male 6,575,409; female 6,430,218) 15-64 years: 56.5% (male 9,126,847; female 8,962,905) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 399,050; female 527,427) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 1.14% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 27.82 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 16.31 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: -0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population note: according to UNHCR, by the end of 2001 Kenya was host to 220,000 refugees from neighboring countries, including: Somalia 145,000 and Sudan 68,000 (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

34. Kenya People Ethnic groups Kikuyu 22% luhya 14% Luo 13% Kalenjin 12% Kamba 11% Kisii 6% Meru6% other African 15% nonAfrican (Asian European and Arab) 1% http://www.world66.com/africa/kenya/people

Kenya People - population, ethnic groups, religions and customs the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Kenya Sections Kenya Map Sights History ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement People [edit this] [Upload image] Population: 28 337 071 (July 1998 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (male 6 248 260; female 6 109 443) 15-64 years: 54% (male 7 609 631; female 7 607 810) 65 years and over: 2% (male 333 881; female 428 046) (July 1998 est.) Population growth rate: 1.71% (1998 est.) Birth rate: 31.68 births/1 000 population (1998 est.) Death rate: 14.19 deaths/1 000 population (1998 est.) Net migration rate: -0.35 migrant(s)/1 000 population (1998 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female (1998 est.) Infant mortality rate: 59.38 deaths/1 000 live births (1998 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 47.57 years male: 47.02 years female: 48.13 years (1998 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.07 children born/woman (1998 est.) Nationality: noun: Kenyan(s) adjective: Kenyan Ethnic groups: Kikuyu 22% Luhya 14% Luo 13% Kalenjin 12% Kamba 11% Kisii 6% Meru 6% other African 15% non-African (Asian European and Arab) 1% Religions: Protestant (including Anglican) 38% Roman Catholic 28% indigenous beliefs 26% Muslim 6% other 2% Languages: English (official) Swahili (official) numerous indigenous languages Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: male: female: 70% (1995 est.)

35. News 2005 Rising Insecurity In And Around Cherangany Hills Open SENGWER (1) ETHNIC MINORITY HUNTERGATHERER indigenous peoples Chairman,African National Congress. Charles K Kiberen. Member, Sengwer Land Allocation http://www.ogiek.org/news/news-post-05-03-26.htm

News 2005 Rising Insecurity in and around Cherangany Hills Open letter by SENGWER ETHNIC MINORITY HUNTER-GATHERER INDIGENOUS PEOPLES P.O. Box 3894 Kitale Kenya March 27, 2005 Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Provincial Administration and National Security, Harambee House, Office of The President, P.O. Box Nairobi Dear Sir, Ref: Sengwer Ethnic Minority Request for Kenya Police Reservist and Deployment of more Administration Police Officers to curb rising Insecurity in and around Cherangany Hills We the undersigned below elders and leaders of Sengwer an ethnic minority hunter-gatherer indigenous peoples hereby wish to bring to your attention the rising insecurity in and around Cherangany hills ( specifically in Talau location in West Pokot district; Kapolet sub-location of Makutano location in Trans Nzoia district; and Kapterit and Kamoi/Chesubet locations in Marakwet districts). We kindly request your office for a combined effort between Sengwer and government security officers to curb the insecurity in the region.

36. Bfree African Mission! - BE The Kingdom! The Kingdom must meet the real needs of people for the love of God and His of indigenous peoples we clearly need the wisdom of an African expert to http://www.bfree.org/missions/bottom.htm

THE BFREE COMPUTER SCHOOL AFRICAN MISSION About Kenya "Give someone a fish and you feed him for a day; Teach someone to fish and he will eat fish for a lifetime; Teach him skills to earn an adequate living wage and food will no longer be a problem." HELP A NEW FRIEND WHAT WE DO WHAT YOUR NEW FRIEND DOES A. Pick your new friend from the Africans highlighted on the top of this website. B. Commit to pay all or part of the tuition each month to send your new friend to computer school. C. Correspond with your new friend by email! A. Provide the school. B. Field the candidates. C. Obtain funding from you. F. Facilitate communication between you and your new African friend. D. Train the student. E. Seek employment for the student at graduation. B. Hopes someone will care.

37. Kenya Section Causes And Background Sub-section Causes Of By 1993, Human Rights Watch/africa estimated that 1500 people had died in the The great majority of those displaced were members of the Kikuyu, luhya, http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/7FE

www.idpproject.org Kenya Section : Causes and Background Sub-section : Causes of displacement Kenya menu List of sources Maps Politically motivated clashes related to the 1992 election displaced more than 300,000 in the Rift valley The majority of the displaced came from the ethnic groups associated with the political opposition (e.g. Luo, Luhya, and Kikuyu) Competing land claims were used to inflame violence among certain ethnic groups People displaced as armed "Kalenjin warriors" attacked Luo, Luhya, and Kikuyu farms Most attacks carried out by organised groups As the campaign for multiparty democracy gained strength [during 1991] and then developed into a full election campaign, violence broke out between different ethnic groups, particularly in the Rift Valley, Western and Nyanza provinces, the heart of the 'white highlands' during colonial times. The 'tribal clashes,' as they became known, first broke out in October 1991 on the border of the three provinces, and rapidly spread to neighboring districts. By December 1991, when parliament repealed the section of the constitution making Kenya a one-party state, large areas of western Kenya had been affected as tens of thousands were displaced from their land. Kalenjin and Maasai politicians opportunistically revived the idea of majimboism, ethnic regionalism, championed by KADU at independence. KANU politicians close to Moi revived the calls for majimboism as a way of countering the demand for multipartyism in Kenya. Under the cover of a call for regional autonomy, prominent politicians demanded the forcible expulsion of all ethnic groups from the Rift Valley, except for those pastoral groups-Kalenjins, Maasai, Turkana and Samburu-that were on the land before colonialism. A number of majimbo rallies were held calling for 'outsiders' in the Rift Valley to return to their 'motherland,' or for 'true' Rift Valley residents to defend themselves from opposition plots to eliminate the indigenous peoples of the valley. While many Kenyans have no quarrel with the concept of regionalism

38. Kenya - People Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Protestant45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2% http://www.exxun.com/Kenya/c_pp.html

exxun.com america europe africa ... world Evolving xxlarge UNion - thousands of windows on the world - constantly updated Home Countries Flags Maps ... Notes and Definitions Kenya Flag Introduction Map Geography ... Music Translation People Kenya Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.) Population density: 59 people per sq km land area (July 2005 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 42.5% (male 7,252,075/female 7,124,034) 15-64 years: 55.2% (male 9,378,428/female 9,295,471) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 356,116/female 423,466) (2005 est.) Median age: total: 18.19 years male: 18.08 years female: 18.3 years (2005 est.) Population growth rate: 2.56% (2005 est.) Birth rate: 40.13 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) Death rate: 14.65 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) Net migration rate: 0.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population

39. People Of Kenya Ethnic groups, Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii 6%, Religions, Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, http://www.appliedlanguage.com/country_guides/kenya_country_people.shtml

Applied Language Solutions offer quality language translation services for all applications, including website, medical and legal translations Email: enquiries@appliedlanguage.com FREE QUOTE SERVICES RESOURCES ... HOME PAGE Information For Kenya Introduction Geography People Government ... Country Flag Popular Pages Business Translation Free Translation Tools Free website translation Language Identifier Currency Converter Free Translation Information Translation Articles Submit An Article Language Directory Country Guides ... Z People Of Kenya Population 32,021,856 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure 0-14 years: 40.6% (male 6,575,409; female 6,430,218) 15-64 years: 56.5% (male 9,126,847; female 8,962,905) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 399,050; female 527,427) (2004 est.) Median age total: 18.6 years female: 18.7 years (2004 est.) male: 18.5 years

40. Map & Graph: Countries By People: Ethnic Groups Liberia, indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo,Mano, Kenya, Kikuyu 22%, luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, http://www.nationmaster.com/graph-T/peo_eth_gro

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Factoid #154 Central European men don’t teach. In Hungary , the Czech Republic , and Slovakia , over 75 percent of lower secondary teachers are female Interesting Facts Make your own graph: Hold down Control and click on several. Compare All Top 5 Top 10 Top 20 Top 50 Top 100 Bottom 100 Bottom 20 Bottom 10 Bottom 5 All (desc) in category: Select Category Agriculture Crime Currency Democracy Disasters Economy Education Energy Environment Food Geography Government Health Identification Immigration Industry Internet Labor Language Lifestyle Media Military Mortality People Religion Sports Taxation Transportation with statistic: view: Correlations Printable graph / table Pie chart Scatterplot with ... * Asterisk means graphable. Related Stats People who viewed "People - Ethnic groups" also viewed: Ethnic groups - A note Divorce rate Sex ratio - 15-64 years Jews ... People : Ethnic groups by country Scroll down for more information Show map full screen Country Description Definition: This entry provides a rank ordering of ethnic groups starting with the largest and normally includes the percent of total population Sierra Leone 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed

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