41. Earlychildhood.com Articles Misa luba African melodies serve as our cleanup music. indigenous peoples’Literature-Archive of indigenous literatures ranging from Native Americans http://www.earlychildhood.com/Articles/index.cfm?A=141&FuseAction=Article

42. Encyclopedia Of African History Central africa, Northern Central Sudanic peoples Central africa, Northern Chadic Literacy and indigenous Scripts Precolonial West africa alMaghili http://www.routledge-ny.com/ref/africanhist/thematic.html

(List is not final and is subject to change prior to publication. Early Pre-History Later Pre-History and Ancient History Iron Age to End of 18th Century: North Africa Iron Age to End of 18th Century: Western Africa ... Pan-African/Comparative Topics and Debates Early Pre-History Climate and Vegetational Change Humankind: Hominids, Early: Origins of Olduwan and Acheulian: Early Stone Age Permanent Settlement, Early Rock Art: Eastern Africa Rock Art, Saharan Rock Art: Southern Africa Rock Art: Western and Central Africa Stone Age (Later): Central and Southern Africa Stone Age (Later): Eastern Africa Stone Age (Later): Nile Valley Stone Age (Later): Sahara and North Africa Stone Age (Later): Western Africa Stone Age, Middle: Cultures back to top Later Pre-History and Ancient History Akhenaten Aksum, Kingdom of

43. The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter had a idea For early indigenous peoples, masks were a way to the gods, and http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378

44. Zambia Principal source South africa 65.1 (2001) Arable land 7.1 (2000 est) 16th century Immigration of peoples from luba and Lunda Empires of Zaire, http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/zambia.html

// Show bread crumbs navigation path. breadcrumbs('four'); //> From: www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/ ENCYCLOPAEDIA Hutchinson's Encyclopaedia Men's Health ... Wildlife Frames not supported Frames not supported Country Search Find a country's flag, map or national anthem here. Click on a letter to find the country: A B C D ... Z Or search for a country: Hutchinson Country Facts Zambia General Information Government Economy and resources Population and society ... Chronology GENERAL INFORMATION National name Republic of Zambia Area 752,600 sq km/290,578 sq mi Capital Lusaka Major towns/cities Kitwe, Ndola, Kabwe, Mufulira, Chingola, Luanshya, Livingstone Physical features forested plateau cut through by rivers; Zambezi River, Victoria Falls, Kariba Dam back to top GOVERNMENT Head of state and government Levy Mwanawasa from 2002 Political system emergent democracy Political executive limited presidency Administrative divisions nine provinces Political parties United National Independence Party (UNIP), African socialist; Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD), moderate, left of centre; Multiracial Party (MRP), moderate, left of centre, multiracial; National Democratic Alliance (NADA), left of centre; Democratic Party (DP), left of centre Armed forces 21,600; plus paramilitary forces of 1,400 (2002 est)

45. Equatorial Guinea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 In addition to Malabo, other important cities include luba (also on Bioko) and Bata During the 17th cent. the mainland’s indigenous pygmy peoples were http://www.bartleby.com/65/eq/EquatrGu.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia See also: Equatorial Guinea Factbook PREVIOUS NEXT CONTENTS ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Equatorial Guinea (g KEY Malabo Land and People Economy Equatorial Guinea trades principally with Spain, the United States, Cameroon, Japan, and France. The main exports are petroleum, methanol, coffee, timber, and cocoa beans; the chief imports are petroleum products, food (especially rice), beverages, and machinery. Equatorial Guinea continues to depend heavily on foreign investment. It belongs to the Franc Zone.

46. Africa. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 SubSaharan africa is occupied by a diverse variety of peoples including, and in places powerful kingdoms, such as Kongo, luba, and Mwememutapa. http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africa.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Africa k KEY Geology and Geography Geologically, recent major earth disturbances have been confined to areas of NW and E Africa. Geologists have long noted the excellent fit (in shape and geology) between the coast of Africa at the Gulf of Guinea and the Brazilian coast of South America, and they have evidence that Africa formed the center of a large ancestral supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea began to break apart in the Jurassic period to form Gondwanaland, which included Africa, the other southern continents, and India. South America was separated from Africa c.76 million years ago, when the floor of the S Atlantic Ocean was opened up by seafloor spreading; Madagascar was separated from it c.65 million years ago; and Arabia was separated from it c.20 million years ago, when the Red Sea was formed. There is also evidence of one-time connections between NW Africa and E North America, N Africa and Europe, Madagascar and India, and SE Africa and Antarctica.

47. Eugene Hillman, CSSp - Good News For Every Nation - Via Inculturation (6) Examples of African nations Maasai, Kikuyu, Nandi, Tem, Ganda, luba, In contrast to the selfgoverning traditions of indigenous peoples, http://www.sedos.org/english/Hillman_2.htm

* Eugene Hillman, CSSp Good News for Every Nation - Via Inculturation The nations ( gentes ) to whom the Christian community is divinely sent, and supposed to become incarnate through faithfulness to the missionary principle of inculturation, are not the world’s politically constructed nation-states as such. They are, rather, the multitude of indigenous ethno-cultural nations, sometimes sill called "tribes," enclosed within the boundaries of politically constructed nation-states. This view of missionary activity has far reaching social, cultural, ethical, theological and ecclesial implications. Introduction This paper offers some reflections on the political and religious dimensions of humankind’s historical existence as a multitude of distinctive ethno-cultural groups of people. The particular focus is upon those living in Africa south of the Sahara. Their total population is about five hundred million, currently threatened massively by an HIV/AIDS pandemic; also by countless struggles for power, wealth and mere survival, not to mention neo-colonial controls and constraints. Under colonialism these peoples were categorized politically as "tribes." In the terms of 19 th century Social Darwinism they were taught in schools and churches, at least implicitly, to see themselves as backward peoples, or even as aggregates of competing individuals, marching slowly along a road called "progress." Their modernizing "development"-consisting largely in the pursuit of wealth and power by

48. News / Events (Language Department) - Muhlenberg College Dr. luba Iskold continued her research in language learning and technology. This meeting inspired United Nations Human Rights and indigenous peoples http://www.muhlenberg.edu/depts/forlang/new_llc/main_nav/news_events/faculty_spr

Faculty Newsletter, Spring 2004 Professor Erika M.Sutherland, editor Dr. Anna Adams spent the summer in Tulum, Mexico reading and writing and visiting Mayan Ruins. In late August she gave a paper in Morelia, Mexico at the Humboldt Conference on Travel Literature in Latin America. Her paper was on Moravian Missionaries on Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast, 1849-1899. This term she is team teaching a new course, Human Rights in the Americas, with Joan Marx. In February Joan and Anna also hosted the annual Mid Atlantic Conference on Latin America. Anna presented a paper, "Forget the Alamo: John Sayles' Writing of History in Lone Star ." Next academic year, Anna will be on sabbatical leave to investigate the Syrian Colombian community of Allentown. Professor Helen Bachochin Dr. Franz A. Birgel , co-director of the German Program, spent the spring 2003 semester on a sabbatical working on numerous projects related to the history of German cinema. The volume The Many Faces of Germany: Transformations in the Study of German Culture and History published by Berghahn Press. In April, Professor Birgel will present a shorter version of this paper at the Sixteenth Hollins University Colloquium on German Film. Two of his book reviews were published during the past year, one of

49. National Workshop Report In addition, the cultures and languages of the indigenous peoples were This is a case study to show that the peoples in the Horn of africa have time http://www.ossrea.net/nw/ethiopia02/ethiopia02-01.htm

2. SUMMARY OF PAPERS PRESENTED 2.1 Theories and Conceptual Frameworks of the Nature, Causes and Consequences of Conflict Kinfe Abraham Humanity is posed with resolving the enigma of conflicts and ending their unprecedented, ignominious outrage. Fixing a broken peace perforce demands the understanding of the nature and causes of conflicts. Hence, this paper is a synopsis of the theories and conceptual framework of the nature, causes and consequences of conflict and approaches to resolve them. The paper commences by providing global perspective on the nature and causes of conflicts. It identifies assumed racial, ethnic and religious superiority, and autocratic rules as the main sources of conflict that breed from hankering for economic and political power. In addition to the above and other sources that the paper enlists, conflicts may also be triggered by demand for justice and access to social and physical infrastructures. Demand for justice also involves crave for civil, political, cultural and religious rights. It may also include the quest for secession and independence. The manifold social, economic and political repercussions of conflicts consecrate collective security as the best means to end the recurrence of wars. This was the bedrock for the establishment of the League of Nations and later the United Nations. However, such institutional approaches failed as they derailed to serve the interests of the powerful ones. 2.2 The Fundamental Causes of Armed Conflict in Human History: Reinterpretation of Available Sources

50. Zaire - INTRODUCTION the indigenous peoples had developed ironworking and long-distance trade.Large states had emerged, notably among the Kongo and luba peoples of the http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-14972.html

Country Listing Zaire Table of Contents Zaire INTRODUCTION Figure 1. Administrative Divisions of Zaire, 1993 ZAIRE HAS LONG BEEN CONSIDERED SIGNIFICANT because of its location, its resources, its potential, and (perhaps paradoxically) because of its weakness. The country has been at the center of a number of crises over the years, most notably following independence, during the Congo crisis of the 1960s, when there was a threat of the Cold War spilling over and heating up in Central Africa. Again in the 1990s, Zaire is threatening to become a source of international instability. Zaire's importance is to some extent geopolitical. It borders on no fewer than nine other states. These countries range from Arab-dominated Sudan in the north, to Angola in the south. Hence, in defending its borders Zaire canand hasbecome entangled in political rivalries extending all the way from Libya and Egypt to South Africa, i.e., the length of the continent. During the 1990s, Zaire's borders with Angola and especially Rwanda have been international flash points. Indigenous developments laid the groundwork for what has become Zaire. Well before Europeans arrived in the fifteenth century, the indigenous peoples had developed iron-working and long-distance trade. Large states had emerged, notably among the Kongo and Luba peoples of the southern savannas. Artistic traditions that have become world renowned had begun, particularly in the areas of sculpture, weaving, and music.

51. Bantu Peoples --  Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The Online Encyclopedia Yo than 200 million and occupying almost the entire southern projection of africa . indigenous peoples Compilation of links to articles and essays on http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9356547&query=national forum on peop

52. Developments To The 19th Century (from Central Africa) --  Encyclopædia Britan Vansina s e The Children of Woot A History of the Kuba peoples /e (1978) Thomas Q. Reefe, The Rainbow and the Kings A History of the luba Empire to http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-40649

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Introduction Early society and economy Early toolmakers The agricultural revolution ... Growth of trade Central Africa and the outer world Development of the slave trade Exploitation of ivory Colonialism Establishment of European colonies Economic organization The end of the colonial period Additional Reading General works Developments to the 19th century From the 19th century to the present Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Central Africa Page 13 of 14 J. Desmond Clark The Prehistory of Africa (1970, reprinted 1984), by the pioneer prehistorian of Central Africa, surveys the Stone Age.

53. BELGIAN CONGO See Also CONGOLESE PROVINCES 1885 - 1945 ROMAN Plenipotentiary of the CÉHC and the AIC in africa Fondé de Pouvoirs du CÉHC et Among the different indigenous peoples who opposed a major resistance to http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Belgian_Congo.html

BELGIAN CONGO See also CONGOLESE PROVINCES 1885 - 1945 ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN CONGO 1885 - 1945 LADO ENCLAVE 1894 - 1910 BELGIAN EAST AFRICA 1916 - 1945 RUANDA - URUNDI 1916 - 1945 CONGO FREE STATE In 1876, as a result of an International Geographical Conference held in Brussels, at the initiative of Léopold II, King of the Belgians, (1835-1909) the Association Internationale Africaine - AIA charged with the "propagation of civilisation among the peoples of the Congo region by means of scientific exploration, legal trade and war against the "Arabic slavetraders" was established. The actual work was entrusted to the different National Committees which were set up soon afterwards. The Belgian National Committee started its activities in 1877. At first these were restricted to the eastern parts of future Congo, but soon the Committee also started showing interest for the Lower Congo region. Taking advantage of these activities in the western parts, Leopold II founded in 1878 an "international commercial, scientific and humanitarian committee", known as the Comité d'Études du Haut Congo - CEHC which, in 1879, started signing treaties with the local peoples and establishing stations along the Congo river. In 1882 the CÉHC was reorganized as the

54. African States Instead, the story they see involves african people living in a great variety luba and Kuba. Central africa witnessed the emergence of important states http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html

Introduction: Diffusion and other Problems in the History of African States Professor James Giblin, Department of History, The University of Iowa A discussion of the following African States: Asante Benin Kingdom Luba and Kuba The Yoruba and the States of Ife and Oyo Introduction Historians and archaeologists have learned a great deal about the developments which preceded the emergence of states in Africa. They can now say with confidence that in most cases, Africans developed states in response to local conditions and opportunities. Rarely does the diffusion of ideas from distant sources seem to have been important in bringing about the formation of a state. Today historians do not think that the history of African states is a story of the spread of influences from Egypt, Europe or Asia into the rest of Africa. Instead, the story they see involves African people living in a great variety of locations who use their political skills and wisdom to create for themselves centralized systems of government. Besides learning about the local origins of African states, historians have found that states were most likely to arise in regions endowed with fertile soils, abundant rains, lakes or rivers rich in fish, and mineral deposits, and in societies which enjoyed plentiful opportunities to trade. In fact, the four societies discussed below possessed famous traditions of art precisely because they had productive economies and vibrant commercial systems which allowed artists and craft workers freedom from scarcity, and provided access to metals, woods, clays and other media. Finally, historians have also learned that African states created sophisticated institutions of government, although, as has been true in all human societies, greed and love of power have often caused political instability and social crisis. The following sections, therefore, concentrate on the local conditions which led to the creation of states and the creation and destruction of political institutions.

55. Central Africa, 1900 A.D.-present | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan M of later research on art and culture of this Central African people. Burton leaveshis welldocumented collection of luba sculpture to the University of http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/11/sfc/ht11sfc.htm

Encompasses Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Cabinda, and Angola See also Eastern Africa Guinea Coast Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan Pablo Picasso to the British Vorticists to explore new subjects and methods of visual representation. The imposition of colonial boundaries and governmental systems gives rise to developing national consciousness among many Central Africans, inspiring movements to achieve political independence and reclaim indigenous African identity, such as Mobuto Sese Seko's "authenticity" campaign and Tshibumba Kanda Matulu's series of paintings on Congolese history. In what is today the Democratic Republic of Congo, a ritual expert ( nganga ) and the Yombe artist known today as the Chiloango River Master collaborate on the creation of a corpus of distinctive minkisi , or monumental power figures, called Mangaaka. Used by diviners to consult the spiritual realm for solutions to earthly crises, these works are characterized by their massive scale, naturalistic appearance, and intricately carved representations of knotted fiber headgear. The White Fathers, a Catholic missionary group organized to seek conversions in non-Christian areas of Africa, is established in the southeastern Congo. Originally seeking to carve out an independent "Christian Kingdom" within territory largely inhabited by Tabwa and related peoples, the White Fathers sponsor missionary schools and produce dictionaries, grammars, and a translation of the Bible in the local KiTabwa language. After 1900, as control over the Belgian Free State is consolidated and ultimately transferred to the Belgian republican government, the White Fathers abandon territorial aspirations and focus on conversion. Large numbers of indigenous religious sculpture as well as trees and stones associated with earth spirit sites are destroyed, while others are confiscated and sent to White Fathers headquarters in Belgium and Rome.

56. African Symbolism so awareness of a people s indigenous art, visual and cultural symbols canbecome an african Amethyst Sterling Silver Necklace. Books Symbols of africa. http://www.symbols.net/africa.htm

African Symbols African Jewelry Adinkra Symbols of West Africa An illustrated guide to the African symbols called Adinkra used in Ghana, West Africa, with an adinkra index and high-quality adinkra images. http://www.welltempered.net/adinkra/ African Textiles and Symbols - QuiltEthnic.com Information about textile traditions in Africa, including patterns, symbols, motifs, designs, and weaving, among others. http://www.quiltethnic.com/textiles.html African Treasures from Tervuren Museum - Symbols For the Luba, the three circles represent the Supreme Being, the Sun and the Moon. This combination of circles symbolizes the unfailing continuity of life. http://www.civilization.ca/cultur/tervuren/tera04e.html African Writing Systems Writing Systems are components of knowledge systems. By definition, they are philosophical because they assist in synthesizing ideas, thoughts, and deeds through the use of signs, symbols or other pictorial renderings. http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/Writing_Systems/Welcome.html Akan Architecture Symbols Akan architecture is not only elaborate in terms of function and building technology. It also presents, as a reflection of the people and their spirit of independence, a variety of forms and design principles that encode expressive messages which continue to astonish foreign observers.

57. African Art On The Internet africa Talks.org an online and faceto-face community of people interested indevelopment Islam and indigenous african cultures, Shawabtis and Nubia, http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: African Art on the Internet See also: South African Art Photographs Addis Art - Ethiopian Art and Artists Page Contemporary Ethiopian art and artists - paintings, sculptures and digital art work by students and professionals from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. University instructor, Getahun Assefa 's paintings , drawings, sculpture, digital art. Also work by his brother, Tesfaye Assefa. Based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [KF] http://www.addisart.com/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

58. AllRefer.com - Zaire - Peoples Of The Southern Uplands: Kasai-Shaba | Zaire Info middle reaches of the Kasai River are the Tshiluba and Kilubaspeaking peoples.(Kiluba is the language of the luba-Katanga as distinct from Tshiluba, http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire65.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire Peoples of the Southern Uplands: Kasai-Shaba Zebra, common in the savanna regions of central and southern Zaire Courtesy Zaire National Tourism Office A square-shaped thatched roof hut, typical of the Kasai-Oriental Region, provides shelter against the heavy rains. Extending across much of the southern savanna east of the middle reaches of the Kasai River are the Tshiluba- and Kilubaspeaking peoples. (Kiluba is the language of the Luba-Katanga as distinct from Tshiluba, the language spoken by the Luba-Kasai.) Vansina distinguishes three clusters: the Luba-Katangacomprising the Luba-Katanga proper, the Kaniok, the Kalundwe, and the Lomotwa; the Luba-Kasaicomprising the Luba-Kasai proper, the Lulua, the Luntu, the Binji, the Mputu, and the North Kete; and the Songye comprising the Songye proper and the Bangu-Bangu. losely related to the Luba-Katanga and living to their east are the Hemba, separately distinguished chiefly because, unlike the others, they are matrilineal. All of these peoples appear to have shared a tradition of chieftainship, but it was among the Luba-Katanga that more complex centralized states emerged as early as the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Elsewhere, the people and territory over which a chief ruled were much more restricted, and even among the Luba-Katanga local chiefs had a substantial degree of autonomy.

59. Introduction To Africa This absolutely counts for africa where its own people are too poor to notice,and where they Yet the indigenous population, though converted to Islam, http://us-africa.tripod.com/intro.html

Africa About us Africa Introduction Country Files ... us-africa INTRODUCTION "It is my belief that unless we Africans can tell our own story within context and show an Africa that has not been seen before the West will continue to throw their hands up in despair believing that our continent is full of a bunch of confused savages that is now beyond salvation/redemption. The only way the West can understand and treat us seriously is to hear the African story first hand from the African perspective rather than the usual whitie version - so why not take the risk if that can help turn things around for our Continent". Quoting: Sorious Samura www.sorioussamurasafrica.org The African Union African countries, in their quest for unity, economic and social development under the banner of the OAU, have taken various initiatives and made substantial progress in many areas which paved the way for the establishment of the AFRICAN UNION From the editor enormous mountains tropical rainforests grassy savannas three large deserts , the world biggest swamp, and the world's longest river. In general the culture is rich, unique and diverse, with great craftsmanship, magical tribal dancing and fabulous musicians . Between the majestic Egyptian necropolises, the TWA/MBUTI(pygmid) civilizations, the Zulu kingdoms, our imagination can't help running amuck... Africa is where it all started. Africa is also about luxurious vegetation, wild animals, adrenaline safaris, infinite rivers and vertiginous falls. Africa evokes the tam-tam of the drums, the lollapalooza of exotic dancers. In Westerner's mind, it begets the occult, the paranormal. It holds the keys of life mysteries. And Africa has an enormous reservoir of natural and human resources. Did you know that besides

60. DRC Congo The heart of the african tropics, DR Congo/Zaïre, the Amazonian of africa, Other luba chiefs, including Lunda, settled among neighboring people and http://us-africa.tripod.com/zaire.html

Africa About us Africa Introduction Country Files ... us-africa DR CONGO Other great Links Foundation Wakudiba (In Dutch Language) Congo Pages (Eng) MediaCongolais SOS-JED/YOCHID Foundation Maisha More Links Media Congolais (Fr) Congofinance Network Latest News (c)art: Lemba Pelo (c)art: Tukokana Dikizeko Official Name Democratic Republic of Congo Located Central : Namibia, Zambia, Congo/Zaïre Capital Kinshasa Head of State President Joseph Kabila Area 2,345,410 sq km Population 50 million Growth rate Languages French, Lingala, Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili), Kikongo, Tshiiluba. Currency Franc Congolais GNP per capita Inflation Airlines Fly SN Brussels Airlines from Asia: from USA: Hotels (advertise here) USAfrica Agent Country Advertiser If you want to become the Country Advertiser your logo comes here. USAfrica Research Information Enter your e-mail address to receive e-mail whenever this page is updated. Your e-mail address: JOIN AFRICA-4-AFRICA The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the new name for a nation that in 1997 saw the collapse of a corrupt, thirty-year dictatorship. Formerly called Zaire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has had a volatile history marked by colonialists and tyrants trying to exploit the territory's vast resources. The Congalese - from the capitalists operating the copper and diamond mines to the hunting-and-gathering Pygmy people of the Ituri forests - cling to what they know: their strong extended families, resourcefulness and savvy, religion, and even some tribal superstition.

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