81. History Of The Lithuanian State history of the lithuanian State. lithuania long retained its own pagan religion and remained isolated from major trade routes. http://www.lfcc.lt/publ/roots/node17.html

Next: WORD, MUSIC AND DANCE Previous: Baltic Religion History of the Lithuanian State Lithuania long retained its own pagan religion and remained isolated from major trade routes. Therefore, it was only mentioned in historical sources relatively late (Quedlinburg Annals, 1009 AD). It was divided into local duchies during the 11th to 12th centuries. However, in the mid 13th century, the influential Duke Mindaugas united most of the Lithuanian territories as well as parts of other Baltic countries. This consolidation was hastened by pressure from German orders from the north and west, and Slavs and Mongol-Tatars from the east. The new strengthened government not only resisted these invasions, but also undertook expansion to the east and south. By the late 14th and early 15th centuries, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) stretched from the Baltic to the Black seas; it was one of the largest European states of that time. The GDL played an important role in European history. The western expansion of the Tatars was halted by Lithuanian forces, and thus Europe was spared invasions from the east. The GDL also defeated the Order of the Cross, putting an end to 200 years of fierce warfare between the two powers, and to the Order's expansion into eastern Europe. However, the signing of two unification treaties with Poland (Kreva, 1385 and Lublin, 1569) resulted in the demise of the GDL. Gradually, the Lithuanian state began losing its independence; the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth weakened and was divided up amongst its powerful neighbors. Lithuania was incorporated into the Russian empire in 1795. Being proud and independent people, Lithuanians staged several revolts (1831, 1863). However, these attempts were unsuccessful and many of their participants were killed, exiled to Siberia, or emigrated to the west. Because of their refusal to obey, Lithuanians were forbidden to use their written language or publish books or newspapers in it. The first armed revolts were then followed by cultural resistance which took the form of sobriety movements, distribution of illegal publications and national rebirth.

82. Latvia (05/05) Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, Major marketsGermany 15.5%, UK 14.6%, Sweden 10.5%, lithuania 8.4%, http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5378.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs May 2005 Background Note: Latvia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of Latvia Geography Area: 64,100 sq. km. (25,640 sq. mi.); about the size of West Virginia. Cities (2002): Capital Riga (739,232). Other cities Daugavpils (112,609); Liepaja (86,985); Jelgava (65,754); Jurmala (55,156); Ventspils (44,010); Rezekne (37,777). Terrain: Fertile low-lying plains predominate in central Latvia, highlands in Vidzeme and Latgale to the east, and hilly moraine in the western Kurzeme region. Forests cover one-third of the country, with over 3,000 small lakes and numerous bogs. Land use: 20% arable land, 8% meadows and pastures, 45% forest and woodland, 26.7% other. Climate: Temperate, with four seasons of almost equal length. January temperatures average -5 o C (23 o F); July 17 o C (63 o F). Annual precipitation averages 57 centimeters (23 in.). People Nationality: Noun and adjective Latvian(s).

83.   Lithuania - In Your Pocket Kaunas history. Kaunas, considered the most Lithuanian of all Lithuanian cities, has always played a pivotal role in the country’s history. http://www.inyourpocket.com/lithuania/en/category?cid=58357&chid=

84. Iron Crosses: Pre-Christian History And Beliefs A look at the history of the last pagan country of Europe, lithuania. The site includes translations of folktales, histories of the grand dukes and a collection of lectures on the ancient preChristian beliefs. http://www.geocities.com/~zemyna/

ithuania, on the shore of the Baltic Sea, has had a very intriguing role in European development, in various ways: militarily, economically, politically and religiously. It was the last country to accept Christianity, in 1387, as part of the marriage agreement between Grand Duke Jogaila and Jadwiga, Queen of Poland. The new faith lived in conjunction with the old nature-based beliefs; and well into the twentieth century in certain regions. odern Lithuanians are an unusual amalgam of Catholicism and a fierce pride in their pagan past. Many will proudly state that Grand Duke Jogaila and his cousin Grand Duke Vytautas the Great defeated the Crusading Teutonic Order. The language was nearly wiped out when it was under the auspices of the Russian Empire But it endured, and to this day Lithuanians are fiercely protective of both their language and of their culture. This website is dedicated to exploring the history, culture, folktales, and folk beliefs of this most colourful country. Table of Contents zemyna@geocities.com

85.   Lithuania - In Your Pocket Klaipeda history. 13th Century In 1252 the Bishop of Kurðas signs an Klaipëda like the rest of lithuania comes under Soviet domination after 1945 which http://www.inyourpocket.com/lithuania/en/category?cid=58358&chid=

86. ☞ Lithuania, History Bulletin Board Index lithuania history index Classifieds1000 World Message Board. • lithuania Travel. Business. Politics. We have no messages for lithuania, history yet. http://board.classifieds1000.com/Lithuania/History

Lithuania Lithuania Directory Lithuania Real Estate Listings Furniture Lithuania 'History' index Classifieds1000 World Message Board All listings are the responsiblity of the posters; keep in mind, anyone can post anything! Buy or Sell Online Without the Fear of Fraud Never buy or sell without using an Escrow Service Add this site to Favorites Home Amigos! ... Fun in the Sun (Carribean Vacations and More) Lithuania History bulletin board message index. Click on a message to read or reply to it. Scroll down or click here to post a new message. We have no messages for Lithuania, History yet. Please share your thoughts or a ask a question. Add New Message to Lithuania, Expat Discussion Board Please submit a new discussion here. HTML is not allowed and you are encouraged to seperate your paragraphs with a double blank line for readablity. Please make sure your message is relevant to Lithuania and the selected topic. Everything you enter will be published. Location: Lithuania Subject: Topic: Select Topic Art and Artists Business Cars Entertainment Expat Export For Sale Gay History Import Investments Jobs Life Miscellanous News Headlines Politics Real Estate Retirement Sports Technology Travel Wanted Name: E-Mail: Optional (please add link to our directory first) Web Link: Link Title: Message: Submit Message. Please do not post the same message more than once.

87. The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Lithuania Cyber encyclopedia of Jewish history and culture that covers everything from antiSemitism to Zionism. It includes a glossary, bibliography of web sites and http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/lithtoc.html

The Virtual Jewish History Tour Lithuania Kovno The Kovno Ghetto Synagogues of the World - Lithuania The Vilna Ghetto ... Vilnius

88. History (from Lithuania) --  Encyclopædia Britannica historian who was the first to write a history of lithuania in lithuanian and a Overview of this library in lithuania, Europe. Provides a history and http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-214457

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction The land Relief, drainage, and soils Climate Plant and animal life Settlement patterns ... Transportation Administration and social conditions Government Education Health and welfare Cultural life History Early history Union with Poland Russian rule Independence ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Lithuania Page -1 of 25 History Lithuania... (75 of 6372 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Lithuania."

89. Links To Lithuania And Lithuanian Paganism history. List of the Grand Dukes Lecture on Lithuanian Paganism given at a Conference in February 1997 Lecture on the Chthonic and IndoEuropean http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3503/contents.html

Table of Contents A short Biography of Me History List of the Grand Dukes Lecture on Lithuanian Paganism given at a Conference in February 1997 Lecture on the Chthonic and Indo-European Elements, given in August 1998 Folktales Translation of Egle, Queen of Serpents Translation of a traditional Folktale, The Old Man and the Devil ... Read my Dreambook! Sign my Dreambook. Shortcuts: Main Page Send me comments

90. History Of Lithuania Comprehensive online resources about the history of the country of lithuania. http://history1900s.about.com/library/world/blxlithuania.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Homework Help 20th Century History Homework Help ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the 20th Century History newsletter! See Online Courses Search 20th Century History History of Lithuania Background Notes: Lithuania Historical information from the United States Department of State. Britannica.com: Lithuania A thorough encyclopedic history from Britannica.com. Use the outline below the article to navigate through the complete text of this extensive encyclopedia entry. Country Study: Lithuania This comprehensive book-length information from the Library of Congress includes an entire chapter (chapter one) of history of the country. Flags of the World: Lithuania Information, images, and available history of the current and past flags of the country. Geography and Maps of Lithuania A plethora of geographical information and online maps from the About Geography site. Infoplease.com: Lithuania

91. History Of Lithuania And Goat Sex Orgies@Everything2.com history of lithuania and goat sex orgies He assumed the title of Grand Duke of lithuania and ordered his three wives to strip and be pleasured by http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=939729

92. A Short History Of Lithuania His dynasty rules lithuania until 1572. In the 1300s through the early 1400s, the lithuanian lithuania unites with Poland in a personal union in 1386. http://www.electionworld.org/history/lithuania.htm

The first Lithuanian principalities come into existence in the ninth century. In 1250 the Lithuanian tribes a re-united into the Principality of Lithuania, later named Grand Principality of Lithuania, including the area of present-day Lithuania and Belarus. The state is mainly populated by Belarusians and includes also Baltic tribes. The state language is Belarusian and the Belarusian culture dominates the country. From 1316 to 1341 grand duke Gediminas expands the empire as far as Kiev against the Tatars and Russians. His dynasty rules Lithuania until 1572. In the 1300s through the early 1400s, the Lithuanian state expands eastward. Lithuania unites with Poland in a personal union in 1386. The two countries are united 1569 as the United Commonwealth of the Two Nations. Lithuania is from now on part of Poland. The Commonwealth includes areas from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea. Three divisions between Prussia Austria and Russia in the period between 1772 and 1792 leads to de disapppearance of the Commonwealth. Present-day Lithuania becomes in this way part of Russia: the Russian Czar adopts the additional style of Grand Prince of Lithuania. Central Lithuania , annexed to Poland in 1922. In 1920 Kazys Grinius of the LVLS becomes prime minister, succeeded in 1922 by Galvanauskas. In 1923 Lithuanian annexes the free state of

93. Parliament Of The Republic Of Lithuania - History Of The Seimas Parliament of the Republic of lithuania The Seimas (parliament) has been known in the history of lithuania since the second half of the 15th century http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter/dba_intra.W3_VIEWER.printVersion?p_int_tekst_id=313

94. EUbusiness - EUguides - Lithuania lithuania s history goes back to its emergence as a state in the mid13th Century. It was annexed in the late 18th Century by Russia until 1918, http://www.eubusiness.com/guides/lithuania

@import url(http://www.eubusiness.com/ploneColumns.css); @import url(http://www.eubusiness.com/plone.css); @import url(http://www.eubusiness.com/ploneCustom.css); Skip to content. Search Sections Home Members Documents PressZONE ... Site Map Personal tools You are not logged in Log in Join Home guides EUguides - Lithuania Select Topic Agriculture Chemicals Competition Consumer CSR Employment Euro Energy Enlargement Environment EU Institutions Finance Fisheries Health Internet Living+Working Media Pharmaceuticals R+D SMEs Social Telecoms Trade Transport Select Country Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Croatia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Ukraine Services EUnews EUfunding EUguides EUprojects ... EUweek Directory Consultants Law Firms Companies EUinstitutions Key Topics SMEs Member States East Europe Finance ... Constitution Help About Us Advertise Privacy Contact EUguides - Lithuania Lithuania became a member of the European Union on 1 May 2004.

95. World InfoZone - Lithuania Information - Page 2 history The first mention of lithuania was in the chronicles, the Annals of Quedlinburg, in 1009. In the thirteenth century German Crusader knights began http://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Lithuania&page=2

96. Peace Corps | World Wise Schools | Lesson Plans | Teacher Guides | Lithuania lithuania s history is one of turbulance. Have students research the history of one of lithuania s occupations (or liberations) in more detail. http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/guides/lithuania/lithchange.html

Centuries of Change Focus: Political causes and cultural consequences of Lithuania's shifting borders. Resources: Reading, "Lithuanian Timeline" Worksheet, "Centuries of Change" Current map of Europe Map of pre-1991 Europe (not provided) Background: Lithuania's history is one of turbulance. Since the 1100s when Lithuania's peoples united under its first great ruler, Mindaugas, and until its present independence, Lithuania has survived numerous occupations and border changes. (See "Information for Teachers" for detailed historical information). Lithuania was a major power during the Middle Ages but was partitioned between Russia and Prussia in the 18th century. In 1918, Lithuania became an independent country, but after Soviet troops occupied it in 1940, it was proclaimed the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic. On March 11, 1990, the Lithuanian parliment issued a declaration of independece and voted to have Lithuania secede from the Soviet Union. Independence was recognized in September 1991 after the failed coup against the Soviet regime in Moscow. Centuries of political struggle have united the Lithuanian people in resisting interference with their language, songs, religion and values. Changes to the language have been most strongly resisted. Lithuania has, however, assimilated some aspects of the cultures which have occupied its borders. Activities: 1. Review the reading, "Lithuanian Timeline." Draw students' attention to the way political changes often resulted in cultural changes. Have students somplete the worksheet, "Centuries of Change," and discuss the responses as a class. Following are questions for further discussion:

97. History Of Belarus (Great Litva) Notes from the history of Belarus if you want to have a closer look at The Statutes of the Grand Duchy of lithuania were a great achievement of http://www.belarusguide.com/as/history/history.html

HISTORY OF BELARUS (Great Litva) Books and articles Belarusian Heritage Clickable map of Belarus ... Belarusian version of this page Belarusian National Historical Gallery Search all pages of the Belarusguide.com Articles about the History of Belarus General Information: Major dates in the history of Belarus - here you can find the most important facts in Belarusian history and become familiar with the key dates and events by Aliaksandr Arciuhovich, on the basis of the J.Zaprudnik book "Belarus: At a Crossroads in History" History of Belarus - excerpts from the book "Belarus - a new country in Eastern Europe", written in 1994 by Uladzimir Novik, a member of the Belarusian Parliament. The book is written for foreign readers who would like to familiarise themselves with Belarus. Notes from the history of Belarus - if you want to have a closer look at Belarusian history, this is a top opportunity. This pages deal with the historical development starting from the first principalities on Belarusian territory, the renaissance of Belarusian culture in the Middle Ages right down to the 20th century (by E. Reshetau) Songs About Litwins from the Eldest Times to the year of 1434 (In Old Belarusian - Cyrillic Win1251*) XIII-XVII cc. The Grand Duchy of Litva - a medieval Belarusian state. Belarusian Renaissance.

98. History These are just major dates in the history of Belarus. 1569 Political union of the Grand Duchy of lithuania, Rus and Samogitia with Poland establishing http://www.belarusguide.com/as/history/gistory.html

History The following dates are taken from Jan Zaprudnik's book: "Belarus: At a Crossroads in History" These are just major dates in the history of Belarus. It seems that they give a self consistent story. You can go straight to the early period, or to the Belarusan Renaissance or to the 20th Century. If you prefer text, you can read a brief summary by Auhen Reshatau. 6th-7th centuries: Penetration of Slavs into the territory of future Belarus, already settled by Baltic tribes 8th-9th centures: Massive settlements of East Slavic tribes (Kryvichans, Drehovichans, and Radsimichans) on the territory of Belarus and their assimilation of Balts 862: First mention of Polacak (Polotsk) in the chronicle Tale of the Bygone Years 10th century: The city of Polacak (Polotsk) in Northern Belarus becomes the predominant center of power on Belarusan territory, competing with Novgorod and Kiev 980: First mention of the city Turau in a chronicle 988: Christianization of Kiev by Prince Vladimir (Volodymyr) 1044-1066: Erection in Polacak of St. Sophia Cathedral to match similar buildings in Novgorod and Kiev, as a symbol of independent power Boris and Gleb Orthodox Church Grodno, XII c.

99. CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lithuania Concerning their early history, even today little reliable information is available 1785); NARBUT, The Ancient history of the Lithuanian People (Vilna, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09292a.htm

Home Encyclopedia Summa Fathers ... L > Lithuania A B C D ... CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan Lithuania (Ger. Litauen An ancient grandy-duchy united with Poland in the fourteenth century. The credit of having united them belongs to Prince Mendog (or Mindowe), who, towards the middle of the thirteenth century, succeeded in compelling the lesser princes to recognize his supremacy. With a view to strengthening his position against external enemies, especially the Teutonic Order, Mindowe and his wife sought baptism in 1250 or 1251, and received from Innocent IV the royal crown, with which he was crowned by the Bishop of Kulm, in 1252 (1253) in presence of the Master of the Teutonic Order. As Mindowe desired a special diocese for his territories, one Christian, a member of the Teutonic Order, was by order of the pope consecrated Bishop of Lithuania by Archbishop Albert of Riga. Notwithstanding Albert's efforts to secure this new diocese as suffragan of his see, it was made directly dependent on Rome. Of Christian's activity in Lithuania little is known. At this period, however, Christianity acquired no firm footing in Lithuania proper; it was embraced only by Mindowe and his immediate friends, and by them purely for political reasons, and it was also with an eye to political interest that they reverted to paganism about 1262. As Christian was coadjutor Bishop of Mainz as early as 1259, he cannot have long occupied the See of Lithuania; his successor, John, also a member of the Teutonic Order, also appears as coadjutor Bishop of

100. BUBL LINK: Lithuania germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italian history, lithuania, luxembourg, aspects of lithuanian mythology, culture, history, and language. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/l/lithuania.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Lithuania Titles Descriptions Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe Geographical Index CIA World Factbook 2003: Lithuania Ethnologue Language Database: Lithuania Global Lithuanian Net ... Yahoo UK and Ireland: Lithuania Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Archaeological Resource Guide for Europe Geographical Index Extensive index to European archaeological resources, organised by country. Author: Subjects: albania, archaeology links, austria, belgium, bulgaria, croatia, cyprus, czech republic, denmark, estonia, finland, france, germany, greece, hungary, iceland, ireland, italian history, lithuania, luxembourg, macedonia, malta, netherlands, norway, poland, portugal, romania, russian history, serbia and montenegro, slovakia, slovenia, spain, sweden, switzerland, turkey, vatican city DeweyClass: Resource type: index CIA World Factbook 2003: Lithuania Basic reference information about Lithuania, including details of geography, people, economy, government, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. Geographical information includes area, population, flag, maps, high and low points, co-ordinates, boundary length, border countries, climate, land use and natural resources. Author: CIA Subjects: lithuania DeweyClass: Resource type: document Ethnologue Language Database: Lithuania A catalogue of all the languages and dialects spoken in Lithuania, with details of the numbers of speakers of each language. Also some demographic data such as rates of literacy, blindness and deafness.

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