61. Lithuania History On June 14 1940 the Soviet government issued an ultimatum to lithuania demandingthe formation of a new lithuanian government and permission to station http://www.world66.com/europe/lithuania/history

Lithuania History - overview of historic events the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Lithuania Sections Lithuania Map Sights History ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement History [edit this] barrow photo by: anonimous [Upload image] The earliest evidence of inhabitants in present-day Lithuania dates back to 10 000 BC. Between 3 000-2 000 BC the cord-ware culture people spread over a vast region of Eastern Europe between the Baltic Sea and the Vistula River in the west and the Moscow-Kursk line in the east. Merging with the indigenous population they gave rise to the Balts a distinct Indo-European ethnic group whose descendants are the present-day Lithuanian and Latvian nations and the now extinct Prussians. The first written mention of Lithuania occurs in 1009 AD although many centuries earlier the Roman historian Tacitus referred to the Lithuanians as excellent farmers. Spurred by the expansion into the Baltic lands of the Germanic monastic military orders (the Order of the Knights of the Sword and the Teutonic Order) Duke Mindaugas united the lands inhabited by the Lithuanians the Samogitians Yotvingians and Couranians into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) in the 1230s and 40s. In 1251 Mindaugas adopted Catholicism and was crowned King of Lithuania on July 6 1253; a decade later civil war erupted upon his assassination until a ruler named Vitenis defeated the Teutonic Knights and restored order. Lithuania's independence under the union with Poland was restored by Grand Duke Vytautas. During his rule (1392-1430) the GDL turned into one of the largest states in Europe encompassing present-day Belarus most of Ukraine and the Smolensk region of western Russia. Led by Jogaila and Vytautas the united Polish-Lithuanian army defeated the Teutonic Order in the Battle of Tannenberg (Gruenwald or Zalgiras) in 1410 terminating the medieval Germanic drive eastward.

62. Lithuania: Refusing To Bear Arms 2005 Revision Moreover, the Lithuanian government has stated in the past that According tofigures provided by the Lithuanian government, between 1993 and 1997 no CO http://www.wri-irg.org/co/rtba/lithuania.htm

Lithuania As published in The Right to Conscientious Objection in Europe , Quaker Council for European Affairs, 2005. Conscription Conscientious objection Conscription Conscription is enshrined in Article 139 of the 1992 Constitution and is further regulated by the 1996 Law on National Conscription (1593/1996). The length of military service is 12 months, and 6 months for university and college graduates. All men between the ages of 19 and 26 are liable for military service. Reservist obligations apply up to the age of 35. Statistics The armed forces comprise 12,190 troops, including 3,740 conscripts. Each year approx. 26,000 young men reach conscription age; approx. 10 per cent are recruited Conscientious objection Legal basis The right to conscientious objection is enshrined in Article 139 of the 1992 Constitution, according to which "Citizens of the Republic of Lithuania are to serve in the national defence or to perform alternative service in the manner established by law". Further provisions for conscientious objection are laid down in the 1996 Law on National Conscription. Scope According to Article 4 of the Law on National Conscription, substitute service is available for "those who due to religious or pacifist beliefs may not serve under arms".

63. Williams, YUKOS And Government Of Lithuania Initial Agreements On Mazeikiu Nafta Today, the international unit of Williams, YUKOS Oil Company and the Lithuaniangovernment completed the initialing of agreements concerning the http://www.williams.com/newsmedia/2002/20020530_256.htm

May 30, 2002 Williams, YUKOS and Government of Lithuania Initial Agreements on Mazeikiu Nafta TULSA, Okla. Today, the international unit of Williams (NYSE: WMB), YUKOS Oil Company (RTS:YUKO) and the Lithuanian government completed the initialing of agreements concerning the participation of a wholly-owned YUKOS subsidiary in the equity of the Lithuanian company Mazeikiu Nafta. The documents were initialed by Nerijus Eidukevicius of the government of Lithuania, Randy Majors, managing director of Williams International Company, Mikhail Brudno, first vice president of YUKOS representing the YUKOS subsidiary and Bruce Misamore, chief financial officer of YUKOS. "We welcome this significant joint step by the Lithuanian government, Williams and YUKOS. Today's completion of the initialing signifies that all of the issues have been resolved between the parties and opens the door for the transaction to be closed in the very near future. Williams is optimistic that following the passage of necessary legislative changes in Lithuania's parliament, as well as an extraordinary meeting of Mazeikiu Nafta shareholders, we will be able to complete this transaction and bring YUKOS in as a new shareholder in the company before the end of June," said Randy Majors, managing director of the international unit of Williams. "We are extremely satisfied that we were able to resolve the outstanding issues during such a short period of time and reach a beneficial agreement between all participating parties. Williams appreciates all of the hard work and efforts extended over the past few weeks by the negotiating teams from the Lithuanian government and YUKOS," said Majors.

64. Lithuania - Government And Politics lithuania is an independent democratic republic. In some ways, the institutionalstructure of the government is similar to that of the United States; http://countrystudies.us/lithuania/21.htm

Government and Politics Lithuania Table of Contents Lithuania is an independent democratic republic. Its new constitution is that of a presidential democracy with separation of powers and a system of checks and balances. In some ways, the institutional structure of the government is similar to that of the United States; however, it is closer to the system former French president Charles de Gaulle gave to the Fifth Republic of Francea strong presidency leading a parliament divided into many factions. The Constitution Politics Mass Media Foreign Relations ... Lithuania Table of Contents Source: U.S. Library of Congress

65. Lithuania Online: Government Complete index of lithuaniarelated Web-sites. Seimas - Parliament of theRepublic of lithuania; government of The Republic of lithuania http://www.on.lt/hgov.htm

Lithuanian version Government Institutions new, non-English site, Ctrl+F quick search President of The Republic of Lithuania Seimas - Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania Government of The Republic of Lithuania Constitutional Court Ministry of Agriculture Agricultural International Trade Agency Agri-Food Eurointegration Department ... National Land Service - GIS, planning NMA - SAPARD and national agricultural funds Organic Farming Certification Body Plant Protection Service Rural Credit Guarantee Fund State Non-Food ... Europe House - non-profit ornanization Leonardo da Vinci Socrates - EU programmes PHARE - education and training reform programme ESF - human resources development foundation SPF - small-scale cooperation projects fund Pedagogical Psychological Center Methodological Center for Vocational Training National EFA Forum Ministry of Environment ... LitMed - telemedicine co-operation project with Sweden Mental Health Centre Radiation Protection Centre Ministry of Interior Civil Protection Department ... Fight Against Corruption - EU Phare project State Border Guard Service Ministry of Justice Center of State Registers Chief Administrative Disputes Commission ... DELOA - rural women intervention project Human Resources Development Programs Foundation Insurance Supervisory Commission Lithuanian Labour Exchange Programme of Returning to Lithuania of Deportees ... SODRA - State Social Insurance Fund Board The Tripartite Council Ministry of Transport and Communications Communications Regulatory Authority Inland Waterways Navigation Inspectorate ... Oro Navigacija - air traffic regulation

66. Home : Country Focus : Lithuania : Government : Agencies And Councils Country Focus lithuania government Agencies and Councils. Country Focus lithuania government Agencies and Councils http://www.slavophilia.com/pages/Country_Focus/Lithuania/Government/Agencies_and

Home Search Options Home : Country Focus : Lithuania : Government : Agencies and Councils Country Focus : Lithuania : Government : Agencies and Councils Home Add a Site Modify a Site What's New ... Advertising info Inside Home Translation/Interpretation Services Software Dictionaries Slavophilia Forums Reserve your hotels/hostels worldwide You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums Send comments, suggestions and corrections to webmaster@slavophilia.com

67. Home : Country Focus : Lithuania : Government Country Focus lithuania government. Country Focus lithuania government. Home Add a Site Modify a Site What s New What s Cool Random Link http://www.slavophilia.com/pages/Country_Focus/Lithuania/Government/

Home Search Options Home : Country Focus : Lithuania : Government Country Focus : Lithuania : Government Home Add a Site Modify a Site What's New ... Advertising info Inside Home Translation/Interpretation Services Software Dictionaries Slavophilia Forums Reserve your hotels/hostels worldwide Categories: Agencies and Councils Foreign Affairs Law Military ... Politics You can post your questions, suggestions, ideas, news on Slavophilia Bulletin Board Join Slavophilia Forums Send comments, suggestions and corrections to webmaster@slavophilia.com

68. Government - Links To Legal Resources: Countries: Lithuania: Government Lithauanian law Lithauanian government. government. Lithuanian PatentOffice (Added 25 Jul 2000 ) Rate It Get Site Info http://mishpat.net/law/Countries/Lithuania/government/index.shtml

Bookstore Cyberlaw News Discuss Law Legal News Legal Information Countries Lithuania : government government Lithuanian Patent Office (Added: 25 Jul 2000 Rate It Get Site Info Find books on: government at Amazon.com. Add a Site Advanced Search What's New Most Popular ... Your Comments Search the Web Debt Consolidation Bankruptcy Attorney Lawyer ... Open Directory Search Mishpat.Net Search Options Page Updated On: 18 Aug 2004 Home About Comments Advertise With Us ... Directory Mishpat-Net

69. DerKeiler Directory - /Regional/Europe/Lithuania/Government Web directory for sites containing websites about government. http://directory.derkeiler.com/Top/Regional/Europe/Lithuania/Government

Home UNIX Linux Coding ... Government Government Sub-categories Embassies and Consulates See also: Top/Regional/Europe/Lithuania/Society and Culture Top/Society/Government/By Country Links Department of Statistics Lithuanian Government Structure of the Government, the Programme of the Government for 1999-2000, resolutions, Office of the Prime Minister, Office of the Government. Former governments. Lithuanian Mission to EU Mission of the Republic of Lithuania to European Communities. Lithuanian Parliament News, structure, history and documents of the Parliament. Ministry of Economics Ministry of Finance of Lithuania Information about Lithuanian financial market, State debt, National budget, economic statistics, Insurance companies, law, privatisation, useful links. National Paying Agency Administration of the EU Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development (SAPARD) and National Programmes as well. President of Lithuania Presidential activities, annual addresses, speeches and statements, weekly reviews, visits, interviews. Biography of the President and the First Lady. Office of the President - contacts, Presidential Palace, history, virtual tour. This category needs an editor Last Updated: 2003-07-27 13:47:28 Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.

70. MSN Encarta - Archive Article - 1939: Lithuania The Lithuanian government went through the formality of consulting Great Britain, The Lithuanian government showed great generosity and sympathy for the http://encarta.msn.com/sidebar_461501356/1939_Lithuania.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Archive Article from Encarta Appears in Archives consist of articles that originally appeared in Collier's Year Book (for events of 1997 and earlier) or as monthly updates in Encarta Yearbook (for events of 1998 and later). Because they were published shortly after events occurred, they reflect the information available at that time. Cross references refer to Archive articles of the same year. 1939: Lithuania After the World War Lithuania, together with other small Baltic nations, regained her independence from Russia, lost at the end of the 18th century. The Soviet Union accepted the resurrection of these nations, and as long as it was itself absorbed in domestic problems and followed an international policy in favor of collective security, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland were quite secure in their recently acquired independent political existences. But because of increasing economic nationalism throughout Europe and the developing war economy of Germany and other great Powers, these small states could not achieve economic prosperity, and their standard of living remained very low. As economic units they were too small to influence the general tendency towards self-sufficiency, and politically they were too weak to have a voice in the political problems of Europe. Their only hope of retaining real independence lay in the establishment of an effective system of collective security.

71. Swiss Recognition Of Lithuania, August 1921 - Alfred Erich Senn Recognition by some governments can of course be more important than recognition of the Lithuanian government, and months later the Swiss admitted this. http://www.lituanus.org/1978/78_1_01.htm

LITUANUS L ITHUANIAN Q UARTERLY J OURNAL OF A RTS AND S CIENCES Volume 24, No.1 - Spring 1978 Editor of this issue: Kæstutis Girnius ISSN 0024-5089 Dr. J. Ðaulys, Envoy to Switzerland. SWISS RECOGNITION OF LITHUANIA, AUGUST 1921 ALFRED ERICH SENN University of Wisconsin, Madison For new states, recognition by the established governments is a matter of life and death. Provisional, or de facto, recognition acknowledges the existence of new states or governments but offers them only limited benefits. Full, or de jure, recognition brings with it extraterritoriality for diplomatic representatives, immunity from legal harassment, and more favorable conditions for trade. Recognition by some governments can of course be more important than recognition by others. For Lithuania after World War I each recognition represented a step toward full acceptance in international affairs, and the de jure recognition by Switzerland in August 1921 had a special meaning. Switzerland's neutral position in Europe, its role as a center for international organizations, and its long standing hospitality toward Lithuanian students and political émigrés all gave its act of recognition both a geopolitical and an emotional significance. The Lithuanians had worked hard for that particular recognition, but in the end for the Swiss it seemed almost a matter of routine. The first Lithuanian initiatives seeking recognition from the Swiss government came in February 1918. Juozas Gabrys's Lietuvos Tautos Taryba directed a letter to the Swiss President, Felix Calender, transmitting a declaration issued by the Taryba in Vilnius on December

72. Local Agenda 21 In Nuclear Regions: Lithuania For example, the Lithuanian government intends to fund a retraining center sothat workers can gain skills and find new jobs. http://www.ecologia.org/nuclearcommunities/countryevals/lithuania/ignalina.htm

Decommissioning in Lithuania: A Case Study of Denuclearization on the Local Level By Laurel Kritkausky (ECOLOGIA-USA) and Kristina Vilimaite (ECOLOGIA-Baltic Office) Western governments have repeatedly identified Lithuania's Ignalina nuclear power plant as one of the most unsafe in Europe. Ignalina NPP has two RBMK reactors. During the last few years safety of the reactors was improved. However, the process of upgrading the technology is limited by the reactor design. After the European Union made decommissioning Ignalina NPP a prerequisite for considering Lithuania for accession, the Lithuanian government decided to close one of the reactors at the nuclear power plant. While environmentalists and Western governments welcomed the decision, citizens living near the plant in the town of Visaginas were shocked and scared; Ignalina is the only industry in the area and nearly everyone either works at the plant or in related support services. If Visaginas' residents are left alone to cope with the unemployment, depression, and increased social problems that will follow the decommissioning of the Ignalina nuclear power plant, it will become a symbol throughout the former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern Europe of the problems associated with denuclearization. The social and political costs of denuclearization are so great in the former Soviet Union that Russian president Putin addressed them within days of his election while making a trip to Chelyabinsk-70, a major nuclear industry site in Russia.

73. UN GA 57th Session UNICEF Recognizing the success of this programme, the Lithuanian government is further Innovative employment initiatives established by Lithuanian government http://www.un.int/lithuania/CSD-57.HTM

74. UN GA 57th Bureu CPD Four years ago Lithuanian government adopted the National Poverty ReductionStrategy as well as the Poverty Reduction Programme based on the Copenhagen http://www.un.int/lithuania/Sadzius CPD-58.HTM

75. Lithuania: Public Service Reform Project To improve the capacity of the lithuanian government to develop and “Reforming the Centre of government in lithuania ” Public Sector Management, Vol. http://www.ipac.ca/international/projects/lithuania.html

International Programs Caspian Basin China Ghana ... Annual Reports Lithuania - Civil Service Reform Project Country: Lithuania Funding Agency: CIDA Budget: C$1.9 million Duration: July 1999–April 2004 IPAC Lead: Nellie Mayshak Project Description: IPAC has been implementing the Lithuania Public Service Reform Project since July 1999. Phase I, with a budget of $1.3 million, ended in 2001. Phase II was initiated in the spring of 2001 with a budget of $450,000. Phase III commenced in January 2003 with a budget of $148,000. The project is to be completed by April 2004. The project provides a public administration model for the Lithuanian government and focuses on strategic planning, decision-making processes integrated with budget processes and ensures that government priorities are matched by appropriate resources. Goal: To improve the capacity of the Lithuanian government to develop and deliver policies in support of Lithuania’s democratic, economic and social development. Objectives: 1. To enable the government to better deliver its mandate through improved decision-making and accountability mechanisms at the Cabinet and ministerial levels 2. To increase the organisational effectiveness

76. Gigablast Search Results Mission of the Republic of lithuania to European Communities. CategorySociety government Parliaments and Legislatures http://dir.gigablast.com/Regional/Europe/Lithuania/Government/

Family filter: On Off Entire Directory Entire Category Pages in Base Category Sites in Base Category Top Regional Europe Lithuania ... Embassies and Consulates Related Categories: Society: Government: Multilateral: Regional: European Union Regional: Europe: Government This category in other languages: French Russian Department of Statistics Mission of the Republic of Lithuania to European Communities. Category: Science: Social Sciences: Economics: Indicators and Statistics: Official Statistics: Europe Category: World: Lietuvià ³: Visuomenė: Valdà ¾ia www.std.lt [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 28 2005 Lithuanian Parliament News, structure, history and documents of the Parliament. Category: World: Lietuvià ³: Visuomenė: Valdà ¾ia Category: Society: Government: Parliaments and Legislatures www.lrs.lt [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 26 2005 - modified: Apr 26 2005 Ministry of Economics Mission of the Republic of Lithuania to European Communities. Category: World: Lietuvià ³: Visuomenė: Valdà ¾ia www.ekm.lt [archived copy] [stripped] [older copies] - indexed: Apr 26 2005 Ministry of Finance of Lithuania Information about Lithuanian financial market, State debt, National budget, economic statistics, Insurance

77. Central Europe Review - Poland And Lithuania After centuries of disagreement Poland and lithuania must reconcile their Moreover, it is in the lithuanian government s best interest to keep its http://www.ce-review.org/99/13/rohozinska13.html

Vol 1, No 13 20 September 1999 R E G I O N A L R E L A T I O N S: The Conquest of Pragmatism A new chapter in Polish-Lithuanian relations Joanna Rohozinska Poles and Lithuanians share a long and intertwined history. Though the famous words of Adam Mickiewicz, the19th-century poet claimed by both Poland and Lithuania (and also by Belarus) as a national bard, " Litwa - oczyzna moja " (Lithuania - my homeland), have been repeated ad nauseum , their lasting relevance cannot be denied. The recent (17 August 1999) conviction and sentencing of five former local government councilors from the Salcininkai (Soleczniki) region, four of whom were Poles, to two to three and a half years imprisonment for attempting to establish so-called Polish Autonomy in the Vilnius region in the early 90s, temporarily raised the specter of Polish-Lithuanian animosity. Polish senators who observed the trial expressed outrage at the verdict, deeming it a political rather than a criminal decision. According to Senator Anna Bogucka-Skowronska, it showed the hostility of the Lithuanian state towards the Polish minority. Senator Bogucka-Skowronska and the other observing senators went on to call for the cooling of Polish relations with Lithuania. Former Polish Ambassador to Lithuania, Professor Jan Widacki, was quick to rebuke the senators' behavior as "plain stupid." He added that many Poles residing in Lithuania did not share the aspirations of the autonomists and were, to the contrary, outraged by their aims from the start. Widacki maintained that Lithuania had the right to independence, which obviously includes the right to try and convict those who act against state interests.

78. Lithuania S Government Approves HIV/AIDS Prevention And Control According to a Lithuanian government press report issued on October 1, the nationhas instituted a National HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Program for http://www.aegis.com/news/ads/2003/AD032036.html

Important note: Information in this article was accurate in 2003. The state of the art may have changed since the publication date. Lithuania's Government Approves HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Program Baltic News Service (10.01.03) - Monday, October 06, 2003 According to a Lithuanian government press report issued on October 1, the nation has instituted a National HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Program for 2003-2008. The new program reflects essential priorities in response to a rapidly changing epidemiological situation in Lithuania and neighboring countries, and it extends the practice of HIV prevention measures. As of early September 2003, some 819 Lithuanians were registered HIV-positive; 659 of them contracted the virus through shared needles. The government's new program calls for prevention of the spread of HIV through the blood supply, sexual intercourse, and mother-to-child transmission; improvements in diagnosis and care of HIV/AIDS patients; and implementation and coordination of regional and local HIV prevention and control programs. "While the number of HIV- positives is constantly increasing, the state may have to allocate much more means on the treatment," the report stated. "This is why we consider initial HIV prevention and cooperation with other institutions to be underlying issues." Prevention interventions will be targeted at high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users and their families, prostitutes and their clients, sailors, long-distance drivers, and prisoners. Education efforts will focus on police officers, soldiers, young people and medical care specialists.

79. EGovernment Resource Centre: Lithuania lithuania seeks egovernment advice in South Korea. A high-level delegationof the lithuanian government visited South Korea on July 21-24 to discuss http://www.egov.vic.gov.au/International/Europe/Lithuania/lithuania.htm

Search term/s: Advanced Search Search scope: www.egov.vic.gov.au Vic Gov Sites Australian Gov Sites All Australian Sites Home About This Site Contact Site Index Current Location Home International Europe Other Options eGovernment - Lithuania Lithuania seeks e-government advice in South Korea . eGovernment News, 4 August 2004 - Lithuania - Policy/Strategy. "A high-level delegation of the Lithuanian Government visited South Korea on July 21-24 to discuss cooperation in the field of e-government and the information society. Among other things, the two countries agreed that experts form South Korea would come to Lithuania to help evaluate IT services and infrastructure development projects financed form European Union structural funds..." Lithuania's Public Sector chooses E-Lock ProSigner for e-document exchange . PR Leap, News Released: December 10, 2004. " (PRLEAP.COM) Lithuania's Information Society Development Committee (IVPK) was responsible for the project. E-Lock's partner in Lithuania - Santa Monica Networks - was instrumental and played a key role in liaising with IVPK, participating in a public tender and eventually delivering the E-Lock solution to public sector institutions via IVPK..." Lithuanian administration promotes e-document exchange . eGovernment News, 23 December 2004 - Lithuania. "The Lithuanian Government is promoting the introduction of electronic document exchange in the country’s public administration, using electronic signatures..."

80. 1994 Country Reports On Economic Practice And Trade Reports: LITHUANIA The Lithuanian government is following a cautious, but Westernoriented program of Structural Policies Price Reform The Lithuanian government has http://dosfan.lib.uic.edu/ERC/economics/trade_reports/1994/Lithuania.html

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