41. Due To Lithuania’s Specific Geographical Position, Lithuanian Culture Has Devel It is worth mentioning that lithuanian culture has never been isolated. A pleiad of new names in culture became wellknown in lithuania and beyond its http://amb.urm.lt/docs/20030723191251.htm

Due to Lithuania ’s specific geographical position, Lithuanian culture has developed under the glow of wars. Nevertheless, archaeologists’ findings attest to the fact that pagan Lithuanian culture was part of the culture of all the Balt tribes. Jewellery , arms and other articles made by pagan craftsmen, wooden architecture and other items from the remote ages, which can still be found nowadays, pose numerous questions to scientists searching for the roots of Lithuanian ethnic culture. It is worth mentioning that Lithuanian culture has never been isolated. As early as in the 14th century, at the initiative of Duke Gediminas (as his letters attest), the first official contact with Central and East European cultures took place: Lithuania opened its door wide to European artists and craftsmen. The cultural heritage of the Mediaeval Ages, especially its later stage, is still abundant in Lithuania : the Old Town of Vilnius, an important object on the European level, has been included into the UNESCO heritage lists.

42. Lithuania Language And Culture - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural lithuania Language and culture Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, http://www.photius.com/countries/lithuania/society/lithuania_society_language_an

Country Ranks INDEX for Lithuania History ... Feedback Lithuania Language and Culture http://www.photius.com/countries/lithuania/society/lithuania_society_language_and_culture.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Lithuania Society Traditionally, Lithuania has been a Roman Catholic country. Although severely affected by Soviet repression, the Roman Catholic Church remains the dominant and the most influential denomination. However, Lithuania in the past has had two small but active Protestant denominations, the Evangelical Reformed (Calvinist) and the Evangelical Lutheran. In addition, Orthodox Christianity as well as Judaism have roots at least as old as those of Roman Catholicism. In 1991 a Western poll found that 69 percent of respondents in Lithuania identified themselves as Roman Catholics (in 1939 the percentage was 85), 4 percent identified themselves as Orthodox, and 1 percent professed Evangelical Christian beliefs. New in this self-identification was a large category25 percentwho did not profess any religion. Lithuanian journalists have also noted that twenty-one out of the 141 new members of parliament elected in 1992 left out "so help me God" from the oath when sworn in as deputies. In 1992 Lithuania's Roman Catholic Church consisted of two archdioceses (Vilnius and Kaunas) and four dioceses (Kaisiadorys, Panevezys, Vilkaviskis, and Telsiai). The church is presided over by Cardinal Vincentas Sladkevicius in Kaunas. For thirty years, Sladkevicius, then a bishop, was held by Soviet authorities in internal exile. The church has 688 parishes, two theological seminaries (one reestablished in 1990), and several con-vents and monasteries. There is also one Uniate, or Eastern-Rite Catholic, congregation.

43. Mr. DURBIN. - LITHUANIA Another Molotov-Ribbentrop Agreement (Senate - March 13, lithuania (Senate March 13, 1997) They came here to preserve their lithuanian culture, their Roman Catholic religion, and, of course, for the economic http://www.fas.org/man/nato/congress/1997/s970313.htm

LITHUANIA (Senate - March 13, 1997) [Page: S2232] Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I rise to speak this morning on an issue of great importance to American foreign policy and to the future of Europe. This week, on March 11, Lithuanians and Lithuanian-Americans celebrated the seventh anniversary of the restoration of independence from Russia. Lithuania, for those who are not familiar, is a country of fewer than 4 million people. It is smaller than the State of South Carolina, and it is located between Belarus and the Baltic Sea. Historically, it has been the neighbor, sometimes friendly and sometimes not, of Russia and the Soviet Union. It is a nation that has had to struggle time and again for its freedom. Today, it is struggling to recover from the devastation of a half-century of Soviet occupation. The history of this little country is very interesting. During the middle ages, it was one of Europe's most powerful countries. In the 15th century, it was combined with Poland to create a new kingdom. In the late 18th century, when Poland was partitioned, Lithuania was divided between Russia and Prussia. The czars tried to Russify Lithuania during the 19th century, but their attempts to destroy Lithuanian culture gave rise to a Lithuanian nationalist movement supported by the Catholic Church. Ironically, it was this effort by the czars to Russify Lithuania which resulted in my being on the floor of the Senate today, because these efforts by the Russians led my mother's family to pick her up as a small girl and emigrate from Lithuania to the United States. They came here to preserve their Lithuanian culture, their Roman Catholic religion, and, of course, for the economic opportunity that the United States offered.

44. Courses Testforces : European Culture Studies: Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Lithua Chapter 2 Cornerstones of lithuanian culture Chapter 3 Art lithuania Chapter 4 lithuanian culture in Transition Chapter 5 Bibliography http://www.testforces.net/eng/accueileng.php?numMod=22

45. Lithuania : Culture And Daily Life - Lithuanian Culture In Transition 22 autostudy courses on the cultures of the CEEC’s (Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, lithuania), constructed according to an innovative educational scenario. http://www.testforces.net/eng/niv1.php?numMod=22&numSeg=4&ordre=1

46. AllRefer.com - Lithuania - Religion - Language And Culture | Lithuanian Informat allRefer Reference provides detailed information on this topic. Browse through this article and follow related links for complete research. http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/lithuania/lithuania18.html

You are here allRefer Reference Lithuania History ... Lithuania Lithuania Religion Traditionally, Lithuania has been a Roman Catholic country. Although severely affected by Soviet repression, the Roman Catholic Church remains the dominant and the most influential denomination. However, Lithuania in the past has had two small but active Protestant denominations, the Evangelical Reformed (Calvinist) and the Evangelical Lutheran. In addition, Orthodox Christianity as well as Judaism have roots at least as old as those of Roman Catholicism. In 1991 a Western poll found that 69 percent of respondents in Lithuania identified themselves as Roman Catholics (in 1939 the percentage was 85), 4 percent identified themselves as Orthodox, and 1 percent professed Evangelical Christian beliefs. New in this self-identification was a large category25 percentwho did not profess any religion. Lithuanian journalists have also noted that twenty-one out of the 141 new members of parliament elected in 1992 left out "so help me God" from the oath when sworn in as deputies. In 1992 Lithuania's Roman Catholic Church consisted of two archdioceses (Vilnius and Kaunas) and four dioceses (Kaisiadorys, Panevezys, Vilkaviskis, and Telsiai). The church is presided over by Cardinal Vincentas Sladkevicius in Kaunas. For thirty years, Sladkevicius, then a bishop, was held by Soviet authorities in internal exile. The church has 688 parishes, two theological seminaries (one reestablished in 1990), and several con-vents and monasteries. There is also one Uniate, or Eastern-Rite Catholic, congregation.

47. Culture Of Lithuania Encyclopedia culture of lithuania. It is a history of culture of lithuania and the first printed historical work in lithuanian language. http://encyclopedie-en.snyke.com/articles/culture_of_lithuania.html

Culture of Lithuania Contents 1 Pre-lithuanian period ( till about the end of 10th century AC). 3.1 The christening of Lithuania 3.2 Cultural changes in lower estates 3.3 Cultural changes in higher estates ... 5 The later part of Middle Christian period Pre-lithuanian period ( till about the end of 10th century AC). Lithuanian nation rose in centuries AC from Baltic nations group. Balts , the ancestors of Lithuanians and Latvians , had arrived to territories between Dnepr Daugava rivers and the Baltic sea from hypothetic Indo-European original homeland. Many scientists date this arrival to 3 millenary BC We may only suppose, that Balts, which had been arrived with the main wave of Indo-Europeans, were not included in forming processes or later Indo-European nations in South and Western Europe . Balts stayed away from this development, and their culture preserved primeval features of Indo-European culture for long time. When, later, contacts with new-formed European nations increased, differences between this primary (not without some evolutionary changes, anyway) culture and culture of new Indo-European nations in Europe were on such level, that closer cultural interchange was quite impossible. This allowed to preserve cultural differences from last Europe and caused isolation (or, maybe, self-isolation) of Balts. After Goths domination times in Europe, we can find vestiges of Balts in more restricted territory between

48. Lithuanian General Cultural Resources lithuanian Choral Music Resources General Websites Cultural Resources W www.on.lt, lithuania Online news, travel, business, music, culture links. http://www.pitts.emory.edu/theoarts/multi/Countries/Lithuania/lithgen.html

Lithuanian Homepage Baltic Homepage Int'l Choral home TheoArts home There are many good English-language Lithuanian websites now online for learning more about the history of the country, the Singing Revolution, and the various cultural practices influencing choral music. Surprisingly, some of the largest and most helpful sites are those posted by Lithuanian communities in the U.S. and Canada. Music in Lithuania W: www.online.lt/music.htm This website covering various links to music in Lithuania. W: www.classicalmusic.lt Lithuanian Classical Music Web: various classical music links. Click here to go to the page on Sutartines songs and singing. Lithuanian Websites W: http://neris.mii.lt One of the main websites. Sponsored by the Lithuanian Academic and Research Network. Easy to navigate; good subsections. See the online book called The Lithuanians W: www.on.lt

49. All About Leisure In Lithuania - Www.lithuaniaguide.info - Basic Lithuania Info The limits of Lithuanian cultural identity always exceeded the limits of Today, due to historical reasons, Lithuanian culture exists in Poland, Belarus, http://www.lithuaniaguide.info/drinks00.php?act=view_event&event_id=5122

50. Central Europe Review - Thematic Archives: Lithuanian Culture The journal of Central European politics, society and culture. http://www.ce-review.org/thematicarchives/lithuania/ta_lithuaniaculture.html

CER INFO front page overview sponsor us advertising ... e-mail us ARCHIVES year 2000 year 1999 by subject by author ... search MORE bookshop music shop video store conferences ... page Thematic Archive: Lithuanian Culture Articles on Lithuanian culture which have appeared in past issues of CER. 10 July 2000 A Colourful Bird in a Pale Land Howard Jarvis Jurga Ivanauskaitė's writings on Tibet remain largely unappreciated at home but fully deserve to reach an international audience. 19 July 1999 Jazz in Lithuania: Past and present Bernd Jahnke Lithuania is still the jazziest place in Central and Eastern Europe. 19 July 1999 Lithuanian Jazz Discography Antanas Gustys A discography of some of Lithuania's most exciting jazz recordings.

51. Art - The Baltic Times- NEWS FROM ESTONIA,LATVIA AND LITHUANIA the flower was widely seen as the embodiment of Lithuanian culture. would seem that rue is set to make an unlikely comeback in Lithuanian culture. http://www.baltictimes.com/art.php?art_id=13151

52. Lithuania@Everything2.com culture itself, not just Lithuanian culture, was in a way frowned upon Among some of the mainstays of Lithuanian culture and tradition are the folk http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Lithuania

53. History Of Lithuania Balts Slavs Slavonic Sarmatia Sarmatian Prussia East Nord S Positions of Lithuanian culture were destroyed in Livonia and weakened in the Thus, in the 9th12lh cc Lithuanian culture was familiar in the land of http://www.lietuvos.net/istorija/east_balts/balts.htm

Advertise Photo.Europe. Lithuania Cities. Vilnius Cities. Kaunas Cities. Šiauliai Other Cities ... People Photos of Europe England. London England England. People Italy Photos of Asia Singapore Malaysia Photos of Australia Sidney North America South America History of Lithuania Links Send a Link Guest book History of East Balts - A. Norkunas. Summary on the book 'The tribal Lithuanian nation in the east' SUMMARY ON THE BOOK "THE TRIBAL LITHUANIAN NATION IN THE EAST" According to the opinion of linguists, in the 6th c. in the territory between the Lower Nemunas and (the Upper Dnepr the middle linguistic massif of the Baltic tribes stretched in the Kaunas-Smolensk area. In the 7th c. the Latgalian language, predecessor of the Latvian language, separated from them. The separation was caused by assimilation of the Ugro- Finns with the Baltic tribes of their northern border. Because of the influence of inhabitants of the Semba Peninsula and the Lower Nemunas, in the 4th - 6th c.c. from the Kaunas-Smolensk area of the Balts a Lithuanian tribe of the major confederal type separated and occupied the greater part of the Neris basin area. The remaining Kaunas-Smolensk complex of Baltic tribes was to a lesser degree infiltrated by the Balts that lived in the West, therefore between the Nemunas and the Dnepr sources and in the South Pripet in the 6th c. the Baltic culture of Bancerov-Tusheml'a tribes arose. The antique sources had been for a long time mentioning the Neruvies in the upper reaches of the Dnieper basin, therefore the assumption of these Balts having had the Neruvies ethnonym seems to be most justifiable.

54. The Devil's Invasion: Cultural Changes In Early Modern Lithuania TABLE I. CHANGES OF DIRECTION IN EARLY MODERN lithuaniaN culture The cultural modernization of sixteenthcentury lithuania acquires its distinctive http://www.lituanus.org/1989/89_4_01.htm

LITUANUS L ITHUANIAN Q UARTERLY J OURNAL OF A RTS AND S CIENCES Volume 34, No. 4 - Winter 1989 Editor of this issue: Antanas Klimas ISSN 0024-5089 THE DEVIL'S INVASION: CULTURAL CHANGES IN EARLY MODERN LITHUANIA VYTAUTAS KAVOLIS Dickinson College The hundred and forty years after the Christianization of Lithuania in 1387 appear, except for the building of not very many churches, to have been a period of almost unrelieved cultural stagnation. This may be due, on the one hand, to the demoralizing shock which the destruction of a cultural universe administers to unenthusiastic converts; on the other hand, to the not very vital state of the fifteenth-century Catholicism which came sweeping in. But in the sixteenth century, in fairly quick succession, a series of moves are made that add up to the first program of Lithuanian cultural modernization. These moves are then, in the seventeenth century, either reversed or lose steam (Table I). The facts are largely familiar, though there is room for disagreement on the point at which the reversal may be said to have started. The sociological mechanisms of this process — which is not only the main problem of early modern Lithuanian cultural history but of importance to European cultural history as a whole — need more analytical attention than they have received. TABLE I CHANGES OF DIRECTION IN EARLY MODERN LITHUANIAN CULTURE Law Higher education Empirical science Lithuanian literature Social criticism Climate of Tolerance A. Beginning of Advance (1520's)

55. Välisministeerium : Estonia And Lithuania There is also active correspondence relating to sports culture. Vinkus is actively involved with introducing the Lithuanian culture to Estonians, http://www.vm.ee/eng/kat_176/1193.html

EST ENG Estonian Economy Foreign Relations ... Bilateral Relations » Estonia and Lithuania 15 June 2005 Estonia and Lithuania Lithuania recognised Estonia on 2 March 1921 and re-recognised the independent Republic of Estonia on 22 August 1991. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were re-established already on 16 June 1991, before the restoration of independence. The current Lithuanian Ambassador to Estonia Antanas Vinkus presented his credentials in October 2002. Estonian Ambassador to Lithuania as of August 2004 is Andres Tropp Estonia and Lithuania have similar foreign policy priorities. Co-operation and relations between the two countries are close and intense. The Presidents, Prime Ministers, as well as Foreign Ministers meet regularly. In addition, the meetings of higher public officials take place in the framework of various Baltic co-operation structures, as well as international forums. Communication on the level of ministries and other state institutions is lively as well. The contacts are particularly close within the framework of trilateral (Estonia-Latvia-Lithuania) co-operation. Most agreements regulating intergovernmental relations are trilateral. Since 1 July 1995, a visa-free travelling regime has been in effect, as has the trilateral agreement on the readmission of persons residing illegally (signed on 30 June 1995). On 23 September 1999, the agreement on consular assistance and co-operation between Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is in force.

56.   Lithuania - In Your Pocket lithuanian culture among the nobility who become increasingly Polonised. lithuania nevertheless retains significant control over its legal and domestic http://www.inyourpocket.com/lithuania/en/category?cid=58357&chid=

57. Lithuanian Culture Portal - Blog Information, Ratings, Reviews lithuanian culture portal. lithuanian culture portal 3stars lithuania lithuanian Art added 07.26.02 updated 07.26.02 http://portal.eatonweb.com/weblog.php?weblog_id=6708

58. Eatonweb Blog Directory Portal :: Lithuania 7 Days of Art by Mykolas O Kazarinas lithuanian culture weekly 7 MENO DIENOS stars lithuania lithuanian more http://portal.eatonweb.com/country/Lithuania

category language country alphabet ... Blog Directory Home Blogs for Lithuania Directory Home Countries : Lithuania Also check out the Lithuania Blogs at Blog Flux 7 Days of Art by Mykolas O Kazarinas :: Lithuanian culture weekly: 7 MENO DIENOS Lithuania Lithuanian more... CherryFun dating tips and relationship advice by :: Dating tips and relationship advice. Learn the best tips and hints to have success in relationships and dating. Lithuania English more... Diary of investor by Ugne :: Diary of investor on stock market, trading Lithuania English more... Google Search Engine Optimization and Web Site Promotion ... Lietrature and art by Mykolas O Kazarinas :: Lithuanian weekly: Literatura ir menas Lithuania Lithuanian more... LinkoManija :: Lithuanian ed2k: club :. by LM :: Lithuanian ed2k club Lithuania Lithuanian more... Lithuania by :: Post your opinion regarding Lithuania in my weblog! Lithuania English more... Lithuanian culture portal ... Lithuanian National Consumers Federation by Mykolas O Kazarinas :: Lietuvos Nacionaline Vartotoju Federacija Lithuania Lithuanian more...

59. :: The Jewish Community Of Lithuania The Jews were meant to forget their native tongue, culture, history, a large part of the collective memory of the history of lithuania s culture. http://www.litjews.org/index.asp?DL=E&TopicID=25&Page=1&Page2=0&Action=0&Article

60. Lithuania - Religion Protestants also have contributed significantly to lithuania s cultural Opera and ballet are important elements of lithuania s national culture. http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-8290.html

Country Listing Lithuania Table of Contents Lithuania Religion Traditionally, Lithuania has been a Roman Catholic country. Although severely affected by Soviet repression, the Roman Catholic Church remains the dominant and the most influential denomination. However, Lithuania in the past has had two small but active Protestant denominations, the Evangelical Reformed (Calvinist) and the Evangelical Lutheran. In addition, Orthodox Christianity as well as Judaism have roots at least as old as those of Roman Catholicism. In 1991 a Western poll found that 69 percent of respondents in Lithuania identified themselves as Roman Catholics (in 1939 the percentage was 85), 4 percent identified themselves as Orthodox, and 1 percent professed Evangelical Christian beliefs. New in this self-identification was a large category25 percentwho did not profess any religion. Lithuanian journalists have also noted that twenty-one out of the 141 new members of parliament elected in 1992 left out "so help me God" from the oath when sworn in as deputies. In 1992 Lithuania's Roman Catholic Church consisted of two archdioceses (Vilnius and Kaunas) and four dioceses (Kaisiadorys, Panevezys, Vilkaviskis, and Telsiai). The church is presided over by Cardinal Vincentas Sladkevicius in Kaunas. For thirty years, Sladkevicius, then a bishop, was held by Soviet authorities in internal exile. The church has 688 parishes, two theological seminaries (one reestablished in 1990), and several con-vents and monasteries. There is also one Uniate, or Eastern-Rite Catholic, congregation.

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