121. Laptop Learning Challenge This lesson investigates light pollution in the night sky. At Issue light pollution is designed for seventh and eighth graders, but could be modified http://www.nsta.org/programs/laptop/lessons/m4.htm

Lesson Plans At Issue: Light Pollution Mary Lightbody Columbus Public Schools Columbus, Ohio This lesson investigates light pollution in the night sky. Students conduct the investigation using local resources, the Internet, digital cameras, computer-based sensing probeware, and laptop computers. Analysis of the data and synthesis of their discoveries by student investigation teams lead to recommendations for modifications to lighting practices and uses. Student groups make presentations to a panel of city planners and community members. At Issue: Light Pollution is designed for seventh and eighth graders, but could be modified for younger or older students. Download At Issue: Light Pollution light.pdf Middle Level Tree I.D. Anthony A. Dalasio and Debbie Curmaci Worm Weather Predicted Mary Ellen Krisko At Issue: Light Pollution Mary Lightbody Solar Race Cars Elizabeth F. O'Keefe Exploring the Beach Jill S. Paraska Click on this icon to download free Adobe Acrobat Reader software. You will need this program to access materials in PDF format.

122. Redbridge Now - Environment See here for further information on light pollution. http://www.redbridge.gov.uk/environment/lighpollution.cfm

Text only Contacts Publications FAQs ... Business London Borough of Redbridge Town Hall PO Box 2 Ilford IG1 1DD Telephone: 020 8554 5000 email: Customer Contact Centre Home Environment Managing the environment ... Managing pollution Light pollution At present light pollution is not recognised as a statutory nuisance.  That means we cannot take formal action on your behalf if you suffer from intrusive light, nor is there any legal duty placed on us to investigate or resolve such matters. The pollution that may be caused by floodlights from nearby premises or from domestic security lights is an increasing cause of complaint. But this kind of light trespass, or glare, is very subjective to assess and individual tolerance to it varies considerably. Often the owner of the lighting equipment is unaware it is causing a problem and a diplomatic approach may be all that is needed to resolve the matter. In most cases all that is required is the proper alignment of fixings, sensors, lights and shielding accessories, or replacement by a lower wattage light. If you ask us to help and we consider the nuisance is severe, we will try to tackle the problem informally by offering advice on positioning and operating the light source, in the form of a letter to the person(s) owning it.  If this fails, the only option available to you for formal control of the light pollution is to take a private prosecution against the polluter under common law.

123. Bortle Light Pollution Scale NOVAC The Northern Virginia Astronomy Club. NOVAC is located in Virginia, near Washington DC Our primary purpose is providing enjoyment and education to http://www.novac.com/light/def.htm

Home About NOVAC Join NOVAC FAQ ... Members Only John Bortle's Light Pollution Scale John Bortle created his now famous light pollution scale for the February 2001 edition of Sky and Telescope Magazine. Please see the link at the bottom of this page. Class 1: Excellent dark-sky site - Black The zodiacal light, gegenschein, and zodiacal band ( Class 2: Typical truly dark site - Gray Airglow may be weakly apparent along the horizon. M33 is rather easily seen with direct vision. The summer Milky Way is highly structured to the unaided eye, and its brightest parts look like veined marble when viewed with ordinary binoculars. The zodiacal light is still bright enough to cast weak shadows just before dawn and after dusk, and its color can be seen as distinctly yellowish when compared with the blue-white of the Milky Way. Any clouds in the sky are visible only as dark holes or voids in the starry background. You can see your telescope and surroundings only vaguely, except where they project against the sky. Many of the Messier globular clusters are distinct naked-eye objects. The limiting naked-eye magnitude is as faint as 7.1 to 7.5, while a 32-cm telescope reaches to magnitude 16 or 17. Class 3: Rural sky - Blue Some indication of light pollution is evident along the horizon. Clouds may appear faintly illuminated in the brightest parts of the sky near the horizon but are dark overhead. The Milky Way still appears complex, and globular clusters such as M4, M5, M15, and M22 are all distinct naked-eye objects. M33 is easy to see with averted vision. The zodiacal light is striking in spring and autumn (when it extends 60 degrees above the horizon after dusk and before dawn) and its color is at least weakly indicated. Your telescope is vaguely apparent at a distance of 20 or 30 feet. The naked-eye limiting magnitude is 6.6 to 7.0, and a 32-cm reflector will reach to 16th magnitude. Long exposure astrophotos might show some light pollution gradient, but visual observing is relatively unimpaired.

124. Arizona Revised Statutes Title 49 Chapter 7 of this statute covers light pollution. http://www.azleg.state.az.us/ars/49/title49.htm

125. Maui's Light Pollution Wastes Taxes Maui s light pollution Wastes Taxes. The next time you see that orange nighttime glow above Kihei or Kahului, think of Mayor Apana s hiring freeze. http://dynamics.org/~altenber/PAPERS/LETTERS/STARRY_NIGHTS/

Lee Altenberg's Home Page Curriculum Vitae Papers Evolved Graphics ... E-mail me Back to Saving Maui's Starry Night Skies The Maui News Letters To The Editor February 28, 1999 Maui's Light Pollution Wastes Taxes The next time you see that orange night-time glow above Kihei or Kahului, think of Mayor Apana's hiring freeze... The County is spending around $150,000 a year for that glow, which is from poorly designed street lights that waste 30% of their energy lighting up the sky. If Mayor Apana's predecessors had been smart and required that all street lights be fully shielded (so all the light goes to the street, not upward), and adopted low-pressure sodium bulbs, the county would be saving some $150,000 per year on electricity (that's from 3000 street lights * 100 watts * 10 hours/days * 365 days/year * $0.14/KWH). And the stunning beauty of Maui's starry nights would no longer be blotted out by light pollution. Fortunately, the County has begun to use shielded lights in its new developments (e.g the Kihei Aquatic Center). The Subdivision Standards Committee is recommending these new standards. But even better news is that the existing street lights can be retrofit with fully shielded luminaires and low-pressure sodium bulbs, and this would pay for itself in less than three years by the electricity saved. The Big Island has already figured out this equation, as have many mainland communities. Mayor Apana and the County Council should waste no time in enacting light-pollution standards, and a retrofit program for existing street lights. It will stop this wasted taxpayer's expense, reduce the demand on MECO's generators, and give Maui back its starry nights skies again.

126. ASSA - Light Pollution Astronomers worldwide are concerned with the disappearing stars in the night sky due to increasing skyglow from uncontrolled urban uplight. http://www.assa.org.au/lightpollution/

Astronomical Society of South Australia www.assa.org.au The Society About Us Membership Activities Regional Branches ... Contacts Astronomy Sky Guide Light Pollution Image Gallery Resources Event Calendar For Members Web Links Home Light Pollution Introduction The problem The solution Download brochure Adelaide's light pollution halo encroaching into the sky in this star-trail photograph taken 120km north of the city. Photo by Justin Tilbrook. Astronomers world-wide are concerned with the disappearing stars in the night sky due to increasing skyglow from uncontrolled urban uplight. Light pollution is stray light emitted from poorly designed and aimed lighting installations for advertising, business, security and street lighting. While some light is unavoidably reflected upward from illuminated surfaces, much of it spills outside the area that it is meant to illuminate creating glare light-trespass and skyglow This stray light and the energy generated to produce it is wasted. It unnecessarily contributes to greenhouse emissions, and wastes money. Also, this wasted light does not necessarily contribute to safety nor enhance amenity. Very often it creates a nuisance. We do need outdoor lighting at night but there are better alternatives that save energy and improve the quality of nighttime lighting that also help to reduce skyglow and preserve the night sky. Light pollution is much easier and cheaper to remedy than most other kinds of pollution!

127. HOUSE BILL 300 P.N. 1345 General state law enacted to control light pollution. http://www.legis.state.pa.us/WU01/LI/BI/BT/2001/0/HB0300P1345.HTM

PRINTER'S NO. 1345 THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA HOUSE BILL N o. Session of 2001 INTRODUCED BY B. SMITH, SCHRODER, READSHAW, KREBS, STEELMAN, HERSHEY, YOUNGBLOOD, J. EVANS, HARHAI, HORSEY, HUTCHINSON, R. MILLER, S. MILLER, RUBLEY, SANTONI, WALKO, WANSACZ AND WILT, MARCH 26, 2001 REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY, MARCH 26, 2001 AN ACT 1 Providing for management of outdoor night lighting and for a 2 penalty. 3 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 4 hereby enacts as follows: 5 Section 1. Short title. 6 This act shall be known and may be cited as the Outdoor 7 Lighting Control Act. 8 Section 2. Definitions. 9 The following words and phrases when used in this act shall 10 have the meanings given to them in this section unless the 11 context clearly indicates otherwise: 12 "Direct light." Light emitting generally in a downward

128. CfDS - The Campaign For Dark Skies. An Anti Light Pollution Organisation. Interactive forums View topic Michael Chong, MP - Comments on sky that twinkled with the night stars, is now saturated by light pollution. This light pollution wastes energy, is disruptive to wildlife migratory http://dark-skies.org/

location.href="http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~dbl/cfds/indexjs.html?0O";

129. Light Pollution DATA FORM FOR light pollution OBSERVATIONS CITY _ STATE _ OBSERVERS CONSTELLATION http://nfo.edu/pollution.htm

Light Pollution of the Night Sky Objective: The objective of this project is to study and understand the effects of light pollution. Materials: Teams of students to participate and transportation, flashlight, star gazing map, a journal of some sort to record a form to record your data (one is included on this page for your convenience), a flashlight with red cellophane (red light is better for night vision) over the lens. Procedure: Be aware of which star gazing map provided on the page is appropriate for you to use. If you are participating in the project during September, October, November, or December you will be looking for the Great Square . If you are participating in the project in Janruary, February, March, or April, you will be looking for Gemini . If you want to set up a program during the summer, contact Bill Neely (neely@nfo.edu)

130. House Of Commons Science And Technology Seventh Report Light Pollution And Astro A comprehensive report, published by Parliament in 2003, outlining what action needs to be taken by all levels of government to regulate photopollution. Also available in PDF at ./747.pdf . http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200203/cmselect/cmsctech/747/74702.ht

Search Advanced Search Home Glossary Index ... Parliament Live section... Parliamentary Publications and Archives Site Map Bills Hansard Directories Frequently Asked Questions Judicial Work House of Commons Session 2002-03 Publications on the internet Science and Technology Committee Publications Science and Technology - Seventh Report Here you can browse the report together with the Proceedings of the Committee. The published report was ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 15 September 2003. CONTENTS Terms of Reference REPORT SUMMARY INTRODUCTION ... REPORTS FROM THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE SINCE 2001 MINUTES OF EVIDENCE - VOLUME II (HC 747-II) Monday 9 June 2003 Monday 14 July 2003 WRITTEN EVIDENCE - VOLUME II (HC 747-II) Prepared 6 October 2003

131. Light Pollution Petition Guide on how to write to a local MP to ask for relevant legislation with an example letter and an example of a reply. http://www.robertvincent.freeserve.co.uk/lightpollution.html

To Home Page Fight light pollution The only way to stop and reverse the impact of light pollution is government legislation. in order for this to happen it is vital that every person in the uk with an interest in the night sky, and energy conservation, should follow the steps listed below and send a standard E mail message to your MP, it will only take about 2 minutes of your time and will make a big difference. 1 Copy the standard letter. 2. Find out who your MP is at www.locata.co.uk/commons/. 3 Click on your MPs E mail address, fill in the form field and paste the standard letter into the main body, or write your own message. 4. Send the message. 5. Job done! 5 The type of encouraging letter you can expect to receive. For more information on light pollution please visit the campaign for dark skies web page. www.dark-skies.org To Home Page Please feel free to copy this web page and incorperate it into your own web site,or place a link to this one. Best wishes J.Vincent.

132. New Rules Project - Environment - Light Pollution The Institute for Local SelfReliance (ILSR) proposes a set of new rules that builds community by supporting humanly scaled politics and economics. http://www.newrules.org/environment/light.html

Home Page Why New Rules? Get our e-Bulletins Rules Index ... Contact Us The International Dark-Sky Association is the primary on-line resource for light pollution information. Each night almost of a third of the light used out-of-doors escapes into the night sky where, instead of providing useful illumination, it causes glare, sky glow and other types of light pollution. About 2.500 individual stars should be visible to the human eye in an unpolluted night sky; but in a typical suburb only 200 to 300 stars are visible, and in a city, fewer than a dozen stars may shine through the artifically lit sky. In addition to compromising the quality of the environment, light pollution amounts to an enormous amount of wasted energy. The International Dark-Sky Association estimates that each year in the United States, over $1 billion dollars is spent to generate this wasted light. The most common causes of light pollution are streetlights that fail to deliver all of their light downward, outdoor security lights around buildings, billboards lit from below, landscape illumination directed upward, and businesses like convenience stores and gas stations that operate under extremely high levels of illumination. Many of municipalities, counties and states have adopted, or are considering adopting, ordinances designed to limit light pollution. We have listed a few of the strategies that stand out.

133. 2005-2006 Light Pollution Study “light pollution” primarily deals with three outdoor lighting issues—sky glow, Addressing light pollution has grown in significance as an industry trend http://www.lightsearch.com/lightnow/reports/light_pollution_study/

A study of North American architects, lighting designers and engineers' attitudes towards light pollution issues, including glare, light trespass and sky glow. by Craig DiLouie, Principal ZING Communications, Inc. 108 pages, illustrated. PDF format. $450 2005-2006 Light Pollution Study WHAT YOU GET How aware are lighting designers, architects and engineers about light pollution issues? How important are various aspects of light pollution in their decision-making? Who is most influential about making outdoor lighting decisions that address light pollution? What motivates them the most to address light pollution? What strategies and product types are most popular to deal with light pollution? What is their response to outdoor lighting manufacturer product and service offerings? What kinds of laws are they encountering, and how easy are they to understand and implement? And what are the most significant roadblocks to properly addressing light pollution? The 2005-2006 Light Pollution Study was developed to achieve two purposes. First, it is intended to help outdoor lighting manufacturers to develop a deeper understanding of designer, architect and engineer attitudes towards light pollution issues. Using this information, manufacturers may develop products, programs and approaches that reflect a deeper understanding of the market. Second, the Study is intended to help municipalities, code writers and other organizations develop practical, easy-to-understand, and easy-to-implement codes and legislation that reflect input from lighting professionals.

134. Charted Institute Of Environmental Health Light Pollution Report Discusses the current legal situation as to whether light pollution is a statutory nuisance. http://www.cieh.org.uk/about/policy/papers/light.htm

135. Sky And Telescope - The Essential Magazine Of Astronomy An article which explains succinctly what the problem is. http://skyandtelescope.com/resources/darksky/article_83_1.asp

Welcome to SkyandTelescope.com, where you'll find astronomy news, stargazing tips, expert advice on choosing and using telescopes, and much, much more. Your Web browser appears to be set to block cookies. SkyandTelescope.com requires a cookie file, though you may visit the site without supplying any personal information, rendering the cookie anonymous. If you believe you reached this page in error, try clicking one of the links below to access our site. Our interactive sky chart and astronomical almanac require that you specify a city and country, but no name, address, or other personal information. You may delete the cookie after your visit, but you will then have to reenter your location information next time. To learn how to configure your system to accept cookies while visiting Web sites and/or to delete them afterward, see your browser's help page. Some browsers will allow you to accept SkyandTelescope.com's cookie without having to accept cookies from other sites. If you have any questions, please send e-mail to custserv@SkyandTelescope.com

136. IDAS Tokai Light Pollution Suppression Filter Tests Test of IDAS (Previously known as Tokai) light pollution Suppression Filter. The new IDAS light pollution Suppression filter appears to be a breakthrough http://www.af9y.com/tokai.htm

Test of IDAS (Previously known as Tokai) Light Pollution Suppression Filter The new IDAS Light Pollution Suppression filter appears to be a breakthrough for astrophotography. Additional OEM information is available here . The following tests were made using the 48mm LPS filter and AP 130mm F/6 on Kodak E200 film: Raw Scans from the SprintScan35+ scanner: Normal PhotoShop processing of the raw scans: Close-up view of the center area: Test Notes Telescope: AP-130 F/6 and AP Field Flattener. AP 600 GoTo Mount with ST-4 Kodak E200 Slide: 36 mins for No Filter, 50 mins for IDAS Filter Location: My Driveway (Huntertown, IN), Moderate Light Pollution Date: Nov 13, 1999 Notes Unlike previous light pollution suppression filters, the IDAS maintains a much better color balance by notching only around the individual spectral lines of the typical mercury and sodium vapor lights. Other filters like the Lumicon Deep Sky have an overpowering magenta cast; the IDAS does not. An equivalent level of processing was done on each image to reach a common point of graininess as shown in the close-up images. This should provide a good comparison of the maximum quality possible with and without the filter.

137. TIME.com - End Of The Universe light pollution in an eternal context. http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101010625/story.html

Special Features Olympics 2002 An Ex-Felon's Story New iMac Person of the Year Year in Photos Top 25 CEOs George Harrison Segway Harry Potter Xmas Shopping Best Inventions Thanksgiving America on Alert The Homefront One Nation Day of Infamy America's Best Person of the Week Week in Pictures Person of the Year Home Schooling Women's Tennis L.A. Gangs The Kennedys Spoiled Kids Sharks Racial Profiling Canine Candy Stripers Stem Cells G-8 Summit Dawn of Man War Over the West Summer Movies Internet Insecurity The New Frontier End of the Universe A Hero's Ascent Bush and Europe Global Business Pearl Harbor Innovators GOP Defection Timothy McVeigh Schools of the Year TIME Interactive Refugee Children Alzheimer's Study Power of Yoga Ghosts of Vietnam Jerusalem Views of Japan Sex in Asia Generation Europe Forecast 2001 Europe's Top Tech Views of Japan Ruins of Grozny Afghan Famine Aids in Africa Global Warming Phobias SATs The White House Stephen King Survivor Clinton's Last Days TIME 100 How the Universe Will End BY MICHAEL D. LEMONICK ROGER RESSMEYER/CORBIS The W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii Yet for all the magnificence of the visible stars, astronomers know they are only the first shimmering veil in a cosmos vast beyond imagination. Armed with ever more powerful telescopes, these explorers of time and space have learned that the Milky Way is a huge, whirling pinwheel made of 100 billion or more stars; that tens of billions of other galaxies lie beyond its edges; and, most astonishing of all, that these galaxies are rushing headlong away from one another in the aftermath of an explosive cataclysm known as the Big Bang.

138. S*T*A*R Astronomy - Light Pollution Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance Outdoor Lighting Ordinance Guide Sample letter to your local Environmental Commission about reducing light pollution http://www.starastronomy.org/Library/LP/

Back Members S*T*A*R Events Observing Astro Photos Telescope Making Space Library Discussion Board Club Links Model Outdoor Lighting Ordinance Outdoor Lighting Ordinance Guide Sample letter to your local Environmental Commission about reducing light pollution Sample letter of complaint to your local Environmental Commission about glare Sample letter of interest in cutoff streetlighting Sample letter of complaint about objectionable electric utility floodlights Problems, corrections? Contact webmaster@starastronomy.org

139. SPACE.com -- Czech Republic Enacts World's First National Light Pollution Law This news was announced today at the annual conference of the International DarkSky Association (IDA) in Tucson, Arizona. http://www.space.com/spacewatch/skies_czech_020318.html

advertisement Chile Preserves Dark Skies for Stargazing Fighting to Save Our View of Heaven Party With the Stars 'til Dawn Skywatcher's Inn: A Bit of Heaven Under Desert Sky Czech Republic Enacts World's First National Light Pollution Law By SPACE.com Staff posted: 04:50 pm ET 18 March 2002 In February, the Czech Republic became the first country to enact national legislation aimed at eliminating light pollution. Known as the "Protection of the Atmosphere Act," the bill passed both houses of parliament (Chamber of Deputies and Senate) and was signed into law by President Vaclav Havel on February 27, 2002. It takes effect June 1, 2002, and addresses light and other kinds of air pollution. This news was announced Monday at the annual conference of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) in Tucson, Arizona. The group, which has grown to more than 4,000 members in 69 countries across the globe since 1988, works to combat light pollution to preserve and protect the nocturnal environment. The IDA, a diverse group of astronomers, lighting designers and manufacturers, environmentalists, ecologists, government officials even ophthalmologists addresses the issue of light pollution with information sheets, videos, newsletters and media-savvy lobbying. Dr. David L. Crawford, astronomer and volunteer executive director of the IDA, views the Czech Republic legislation as "a great leap forward" in combating light pollution around the globe. "We applaud the Czechs and are committed to helping other governments enact similar legislation," Crawford said. "Fully shielded light fixtures not only help preserve the beauty of the starry sky, but they also illuminate more efficiently and allow people to see better at night."

140. Agency Begins Light Pollution Monitoring light pollution was considered a widespread problem at national parks. According to the report, light pollution not only affects visitors experience of http://www.npca.org/magazine/2000_issues/september_october/Pollution.asp

HOME >> Magazine >> 2000 Issues >> September-October ... Vietnam Agency Begins Light Pollution Monitoring NPS initiates a program to address the loss of dark skies WASHINGTON, D.C. The National Park Service (NPS) has inaugurated a monitoring project in five parks to address the effects of light pollution on visitors' experience of night skies. Slated for inclusion in the pilot project are Joshua Tree, Sequoia, Kings Canyon, and Death Valley national parks and Pinnacles National Monument. Park Service employees will use custom-made photography equipment, called a charge coupled detector camera, to measure the brightness of the space that interferes with views of the stars at the five parks. According to Chad Moore, physical scientist at Pinnacles and coordinator of the project, the ultimate goals are to establish a measurable standard for light pollution, provide resource managers at park units with measurement tools, and raise awareness of light pollution in the general populace. "My dream would be that we would have an inventory of all the natural resource National Park Service units' light pollution levels and that each of those parks would enter into a partnership with local communities to reduce light pollution," said Moore. "We're trying to protect those crystal clear nights that are so inspiring to the visitors," he added.

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