61. CNN.com - Light Pollution Debate: David Crawford - March 28, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/03/28/crawford/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Light pollution debate: David Crawford NATALIE PAWELSKI: Are you talking about having people shut off all their lights at night? DAVID CRAWFORD: Not at all. What we're saying is use the right amount of lighting for the right job. PAWELSKI: Give me some examples of what you can do if you want to light things up at night in a way that you believe is appropriate. CRAWFORD: Never buy a light that looks like it's going to produce glare, for your front door or for your backyard. Shine the light where you need it and when you need it and without glare. So it's got to have a shield on it. If you can see the bulb, it's not a good light. For a streetlight, you want the light on the street not through somebody's bedroom window, not up into the sky. Put it where you need it, use the right amount, and shut it off if you don't need it. PAWELSKI: What's the issue with billboards?

62. Amateur Astronomers Association Of Pittsburgh Calendar, facilities, features, guides, and light pollution in western Pennsylvania. http://www.extragalacticsystems.com/3ap.org/

Amateur Astronomer's Association of Pittsburgh A section of the Academy of Science and Art of Pittsburgh Founded June 9, 1929 by Chester B. Roe and Leo J. Scanlon Welcome to the Amateur Astronomers Association of Pittsburgh's home page. Home Intro Calendars News ... Hosted by Three Rivers Free Net

63. CNN.com - Light Pollution Debate: Don Dybus - March 28, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/03/28/dybus/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Light pollution debate: Don Dybus NATALIE PAWELSKI: Everybody says Tucson is a place that has been able to cut down on light pollution but also allow for reasonable business practices. Do you agree? DON DYBUS : I think the term "light pollution" is a misnomer because in the morning the sun comes up and burns it all off, and we're not really talking about any toxins. So it's an aesthetic thing for the general public. For the scientific community, it does have an impact because of the research that goes on here. Tucson put a moratorium on new billboards back in 1985. The billboard business hasn't added to any of the problem in 17 years. We have a self-imposed deadline, and typically turn our billboards off at 11 p.m. PAWELSKI: Why do you do that?

64. The AAS Committee On Light Pollution, Radio Interference And Space Debris Includes information on this pioneering committee and what they do. Also includes lists of books, magazine articles and weblinks. Much of the information is outof-date. http://www.aas.org/~light/

The night sky in suburban Toronto during and just after the 2003 blackout Radio interference in the 21 cm band (from SETI.org) The AAS Committee on Light Pollution, Radio Interference and Space Debris Welcome to the website of the American Astronomical Society's Committee on Light Pollution, Radio Interference and Space Debris. The purpose of the committee is to coordinate action and information for the astronomical community on these issues, which are central both to ground based and space based astronomy. It is our hope that this site can also serve as a clearinghouse for the greater public on these issues. Committee Membership Light Pollution Radio Inteference Space Debris Why is Light Pollution a problem? Why is radio interference a problem? Why is space debris a problem? The IAU respolution on light pollution ... Links Please contribute your links if you are a dark-sky friendly organization or business we want to know about you! This page maintained by Eric Perlman, perlman@jca.umbc.edu

65. Light Pollution light pollution a collection of links to web sites with information on light pollution issues. http://www.umich.edu/~lowbrows/light/

Light Pollution by Dave Snyder and Cliff Haas Local Information Go here for information on light pollution within Southeast Michigan. Light Pollution In response to this, some communities have set up light pollution ordinances. However the problem has not been solved and greater awareness of light pollution is needed (a few organizations are attempting to educate the public on this issue). The types of lights that interfere with astronomy are not necessary: they waste electricity, cause excess pollution, but can easily be replaced with more efficient lighting that still illuminates the ground without sending as much light into the sky. Go here for a map showing how prevalent light pollution is. This is a composite of many nighttime photographs of the earth showing numerous light sources. These sources all contribute to light pollution. Subject: Light Pollution Internet Links Please consider adding the following Internet links to your website. I volunteer spare time to discover and offer additional Internet resources to help bring a greater public awareness to the issues of Light Pollution. It is a little known phenomenon to most of the general public. Light Pollution occurs when an over abundance of light is pointed into the sky. Results of Light Pollution effect everyone by introducing more greenhouse gases and other noxious chemicals into the atmosphere from the powerplants that generate extra electricity by consuming fossil fuels. Good lighting is shielded, low wattage, and points downward. These links explain how to do the job with grace and elegance, and also explain the consequences when we do not.

66. North Jersey Astronomical Group (NJAG) - An Astronomy Club For Northern New Jers News, events and schedules, classifieds, light pollution, and gallery. http://njagweb.tripod.com/

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Aeon Flux Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Index: Astronomical News Astronomical Links Contacts Directions ... For Sale History Join the NJAG Light Pollution Members Only Photo Gallery ... View Our Guestbook var site="s13njagweb" The NJAG is a member of the United Astronomy Clubs of New Jersey (UACNJ) and the International Dark Sky Association (IDA). Welcome to the North Jersey Astronomical Group's web page. The NJAG is an astronomy club of more than fifty stargazers interested in all aspects of the night sky. Since 1981, the NJAG has sponsored many activities for the public in Northern New Jersey, including weekly Telescope Nights and a monthly lecture series in the spring and fall plus special events. Tens of thousands of people have discovered the wonders of the Universe through our telescopes!

67. Light Pollution - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia This article is about light pollution in the visible spectrum. light pollution, and sky glow in particular, tends to occur in places where there are http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pollution

Light pollution From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about light pollution in the visible spectrum. For information on pollution in the radio spectrum, see radio spectrum pollution Light pollution (also known as photopollution luminous pollution ) is excess or obtrusive light created by humans . Among other effects, it can obscure all but a few stars to city dwellers, cause problems for astronomical observatories , and disrupt ecosystems . Since the early , a global dark-sky movement has emerged, with concerned people campaigning to reduce the amount of light pollution. This composite satellite photograph of the earth at night demonstrates how much of the world's light is projected into space, rather than on its intended target. (Photo credit: NASA) Light pollution is a side effect of industrial civilization. It comes from sources such as domestic lighting, advertising commercial properties offices ... streetlights , and lit sporting venues . It is most severe in the highly industrialised, densely populated areas of the United States Europe , and Japan , but even relatively small amounts of light can be noticed and create problems.

68. Light Pollution In Canada, Images, Examples, 2003 Blackout For more information on combatting light pollution, please visit these websites Durham Region Astronomical Association light pollution Abatement http://www.skynewsmagazine.com/pages/lightpollution.html

Please visit... SkyNews Magazine Home Current Issue Back Issues Subscribe ... Terence Dickinson, Editor Light Pollution For more information on combatting light pollution, please visit these websites: International Dark Sky Association's website RASC Light Pollution Abatement Program Durham Region Astronomical Association Light Pollution Abatement Committee Do yo know of any good, public observing locations that are free from light pollution? If so, please click HERE to submit it to our list of reader observing sites Power Blackout Shows the Nightsky Once Again The power blackout that affected Ontario and many north-eastern U.S. states on August 14, 2003 allowed urbanites to see the beauty of the nightsky for the first time in decades. Millions of people had the opportunity that night to see a sky completely devoid of light pollution and were shocked at what they could see. Those with telescopes excitedly began observing objects that they never expected would be visible from suburbia and shared them with friends and neighbours. Although the onset of moonrise soon after dark caused the Milky Way to be washed out, until then it could easily be seen as from downtown locations.

69. Amateur Observers' Society Of New York Meetings, stargazing, moon calendar, gallery, light pollution, library list, and links. http://www.aosny.org/

Amateur Observers' Society of New York, Inc. Member of the Astronomical League Next meeting is on Sunday, September 11th at 1:15PM PLEASE NOTE! OUR CLUB MEETING SITE HAS CHANGED. MEETINGS WILL NOW BE HELD AT NASSAU COMMUNITY COLLEGE - BUILDING F, ROOM 123 CLICK HERE FOR DIRECTIONS In case of inclement weather, please visit http://www.sunynassau.edu/homepage.asp to determine college availability WHO WE ARE: The Amateur Observers' Society of New York, established in 1965, was created in order to bring together astronomy enthusiasts and people of all ages who enjoy sharing their fascination with anything related to astronomy. Our philosophy is simple: You don't need a telescope to wonder, or join. The only dumb question is the one you don't ask. And, life is about helping others, learning, doing, fulfillment and, most of all, having lots of FUN! WHAT WE DO: Over the years our activities have grown with our membership. In addition to sponsoring numerous

70. Light Pollution light pollution WHEN THE NIGHT NEVER GETS DARK As an astronomer I am professionally concerned with light pollution, yet I am more afraid of its impact http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/6389/Light_Pollution.htm

This article first appeared in the Charlotte Observer in January of 1996, and is reprinted on this website, with the kind permission of the Charlotte Observer . Although this article was written specifically about the city of Charlotte, it is not just a local problem that only affects Charlotte. It is a problem that is common to ALL major metropolitan centers, and that is why we have elected to reprint this article here. LIGHT POLLUTION: WHEN THE NIGHT NEVER GETS DARK MAN-MADE LIGHT FLOODS THE NIGHT SKY, BLOTTING OUT THE MOON AND STARS, AND GLARING THROUGH THE BLINDS. Published: Thursday, January 4, 1996 Section: VIEWPOINT By DANIEL B. CATON, Special to The Observer           Imagine a National Park where we permitted the scenic views to be needlessly polluted with man-made refuse to the point where we could only barely see the most prominent features. Subtle valleys and glades are filled to the brim, with only the greatest peaks rising above a sea of litter. Suppose further that this trashing of the environment was not intentional, but allowed to advance even though the alternative is less costly and would save other natural resources.          This park is not official, but also not imaginary - it's very real. And, it's in your backyard. More exactly, it is above your yard: It is the night sky.

71. BuildingGreen.com - EBN 10:6 - Light Pollution Mitigation For Vermont Prison So Clanton suggested something novel light pollution mitigation. If the state would pay for measures to reduce light pollution from area businesses to http://www.buildinggreen.com/news/stellafane.html

Search for: articles GreenSpec case studies reference ... Environmental Building News Get the monthly print newsletter from BuildingGreen. Subscribe to EBN now! book 5th edition of the GreenSpec directory is now available! Buy the book now! BuildingGreen Suite Get full access to all of this Web site. Subscribe to BuildingGreen Suite now! Articles Volume 10 Number 6 Light Pollution Mitigation for Vermont Prison What's Happening - Environmental Building News June 2001 When a regional astronomy club based in Springfield, Vermont raised opposition to a new state prison slated for the town, the state hired lighting engineer (and new EBN Advisory Board member) Nancy Clanton to come up with a plan for reducing light pollution in the prison design. While her firm came up with an outdoor lighting plan for the prison that uses state-of-the-art technologies and designs to minimize light pollution to the extent possible, generating a certain amount of excess outdoor light is unavoidable with a prison. So Clanton suggested something novel: light pollution mitigation. If the state would pay for measures to reduce light pollution from area businesses to compensate for all of the additional light pollution that will result from the new prison, everybody should be happy. EBN EBN EBN EBN Vol. 7, No. 8

72. Light Pollution Measurements And Means Of Intervention Webpage detailing conclusions of a meeting held in Asiago, Italy on the issue. http://www.pd.astro.it/TNG/publications/news/12/12cinzan.html

73. BuildingGreen.com - EBN 7:8 - Light Pollution: Efforts To Bring Back The Night S When I began thinking about an article on light pollution, This article reviews some of the issues involved with light pollution and presents strategies http://www.buildinggreen.com/features/night/nightlight.html

Search for: articles GreenSpec case studies reference ... Environmental Building News Get the monthly print newsletter from BuildingGreen. Subscribe to EBN now! book 5th edition of the GreenSpec directory is now available! Buy the book now! BuildingGreen Suite Get full access to all of this Web site. Subscribe to BuildingGreen Suite now! Articles Volume 7 Number 8 Light Pollution: Efforts to Bring Back the Night Sky Feature - Environmental Building News September 1998 Source: International Dark-Sky Association Light pollution is clearly evident in this composite nighttime satellite photo of the United States (1978). Understanding Light Pollution Source: International Dark-Sky Association The level of light pollution in Los Angeles, California has risen dramatically from the beginning of the century to the recent past, as shown in photos of the nighttime cityscape in 1908 (top) and 1988 (bottom), taken from Mount Wilson Observatory. Light pollution has been brought to our attention primarily by astronomers who are increasingly unable to view the night sky. Many of our most important research observatories built over the past century are severely compromised today. According to astronomy professor Arthur Upgren of Wesleyan University, about 2,500 individual stars should be visible to the human eye in an unpolluted sky. In a typical suburb with moderate illumination, only 200 to 300 stars are visible. And in cities we can usually see only a few dozen. The reason for this is that the light pollution competes with the light from the stars. Even in a rural village, artificial light is likely to be twice the brightness of the night sky; in a typical suburb, light pollution may exceed the night-sky brightness fivefold, and in a moderate-size city, such as Middletown, Connecticut, where Upgren teaches, the difference is 20- to 25-fold.

74. The Night Sky In The World A comprehensive atlas of satellite images and artificially created maps of different light pollution measurements covering the globe. http://www.lightpollution.it/dmsp/

Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute The night sky in the World Home Page How we surveil the situation of the night sky with satellites The DMSP satellite and its Operational Linescan System The World Atlas of sea level artificial night sky brightness ... The night sky live All rights reserved The night sky in the World Satellite monitoring of the artificial night sky brightness and the stellar visibility The interest for the protection of the night sky from light pollution is growing every day. A global scale periodic monitoring of the situation is necessary. Nighttime images of the Earth at night have been obtained from the Defense Metereological Satellite Program (DMSP) of the US Air Force since early '70. The first global image was obtained by Woodruff Sullivan in late '80. These images only showed the geographic distribution of the sources on the Earth surface because the satellite detectors were saturated by the strong flux emitted by them and no quantitative measurements were possible. Since 1998 unsaturated data become available, allowing quantitative measurements of the upward light flux emitted by sources.

75. Manchester Astronomical Society Forthcoming Events A short page explaining how lighting can be made to reduce the astronomical effects of pollution by Manchester Astronomical Society. http://www.mikeoates.org/mas/light_pollution.htm

A Solution for the Problem of Light Pollution by Ashley Knowles In association with the Manchester Astronomical Society Introduction As we approach the millenium, most amateur astronomers are acutely aware of the problems of light pollution and the difficulties associated with observing the night sky in heavily populated areas. They also probably feel that things will only get worse. Light pollution is a rather all-encompassing expression describing the light which hinders observation. It has several sources, including natural ones such as the light generated by the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by solar radiation. However, the most pervasive source of light pollution is the glare associated with the street lighting in built up areas. Short of moving house, there is little the individual urban amateur astronomer can do to eliminate this problem. There is some hope, however. Filtering the light pollution and viewing only the wavelengths of light of interest is one way of achieving good results. A recent lecture at Manchester Astronomical Society illustrated the manufacturing technology which is used to make filters to reject the unwanted light. This brief paper describes the efforts under way in Manchester to make routine light pollution filtering a realistic goal.

76. Light Pollution And Boating Safety Presentation explaining the problem that unshielded lighting presents to boat crews and how it can cause boating accidents. Requires Microsoft Powerpoint http://members.aol.com/copernicanview/LP_Boating.ppt

ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿnðš¤5§o ë,ÿ  <‘îʌþ‡ v€ ( € ( € ( €)ßòbü¥Z² ÎN¿ýôj.ΎH’ysœ¿ýôƞ¤Ú™÷þûÿßF•Ù^Î#í?ãå½×?­R1šIè^¦@P @P @P @ NûïEõ?ғwDHÛ0ãÖ êjê¢É“~p É?ç֚­k b <¯ñòÿK5̱±±ÙÙÙÝÝݳ³³MÿÆëû«¯ÿQ¿ðW_ÿemÿäää‡Øý®ÏÝÆÑׁ¹¹¹^ƒšžê,½ýH!ÇÊÿ666ÔÔԓ <í™tô«+-ñ™ItðúþúàÕ¸KÊV <ÍʹèÿŸëMϕØÄ ù¥ŸÿӛktgB»7ɔ0 !‰]2Ó$½ÖA˖½nr¾ñžF‚Ä–/#!Ú/ªr«µ¯AÝ@iͧjviáLDn¢ŠåøÑÑ-³ <šQ(FG%äáV@äµ <;ß`C <l  <ӄY• <ì¼²ÆL_úû‚ØጏQÄéò€sp–¤£rÎ!Q–ñJãbHd—_ž/»Ø¼ŽYSê³øY»¥€èûç <®L`ÙK Ý# ° så‡XDa©×mÑQÙ4] ¥]üáç^û‹ÀΠÕè"V <ºt f3Œ‚’Èɞõ¦o:Šéä€mËG+· yËi^6 WÖE먟/ùˆ®è(´ 8=ðªU „F9;ämäîáŽà ㄀»udªaiæh'6šeE9mtx"·¸]â <á ˆþ ¯ O6d§@êS¸ë‡þêþ·]¿ÝJË ù“KöQô"söSŠÚ0ùúƒ~ÙW$בj0Il“å[ +¡^ <I¥M$nJO8H¥Q‰O®¾ÖmùÆ8‹w`¡t` O6ÕP$† MB%ä îâ£B¢‚îCœ/n°² ÞÏ1 <äz¢¤_ðs”Aà w¢LZÉÐ+@$É ¦­+œðAë <4(ÚJ,ΦÖû½M‘žùZì4½4P¥Q?Sü€ýóì0úJ¬(f‰b§‘_

77. International Conference On Light Pollution International Schools Education Networks for light pollution Control M. Metaxa Greece. Contrails and Astronomy H. Pedersen Denmark. http://www.ctio.noao.edu/~emond/lpc/lpc-presentations.html

International Conference on Light Pollution, La Serena, Chile 5-7 March 2002 Conference Summary H.E.Schwarz Chile. Preserving the Dark West Texas Night Sky at McDonald Observatory M. Adams USA. IDA: The International Dark-Sky Association. L. Alvarez USA. Education, Research, and Technology innovation in Lighting. A. Cabello Argentina. M. Cabezas Chile. Radio Quiet Zones J. Cohen UK. Discurso de P. Daud de CONAMA P. Daud Chile. La Ley del Cielo de Canarias 1 J. Diaz Spain. La Ley del Cielo de Canarias 2 J. Diaz Spain. Preserving Dark Skies: The Role of the Professional Astronomer. D.Davis USA. G. Delgado Chile. The First World Atlas of the Artificial Night-Sky Brightness and the situation of the night sky in Chile F. Falchi Italy. Objective Measurements of Light Trespass and Surfaces M. Gillet Belgium. Advertising from space: A real danger A. Heck France. Poema al Universo U. Jara Chile. Lighting for a Secure and Safe Night-Time Environment H. Kaplan USA. H. Kaplan

78. Satellite Photo Of Light Pollution light pollution, East Coast Observing Sites ,photo and description. http://www.astropix.com/HTML/H_OTHER/SATPOL1.HTM

East Coast Light Pollution The darkness of the night sky is plotted on this map in color codes. The colors go from white for the worst conditions near major urban areas, through red, orange, yellow, green, blue and black. Black indicates locations where the natural brightness is not compromised at all. Cities are abbreviated with the first letter of their names and some observing sites are numbered. As can be seen, there are few truly dark areas left anywhere on the northeast coast of the United States. A nearly continuous stretch of severe light pollution runs all the way from Washington D.C. through Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City to Boston. Data in the image were plotted in 2001 by P. Cinzano, F. Falchi (University of Padova), C. D. Elvidge (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder) in the first World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso (Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute) of Thiene, Italy also supported part of the study. According to Cinzano et al, "These maps do not give information on the star visibility, however mainly polluted areas usually are at sea level, so very approximately we can say that the orange level in our standard scale indicates areas where the milky way is invisible or quite difficult to see by an average observer in normal clear nights. The red areas indicates zones where very approximately one hundredth of stars, or few more, is visible over 30 degrees of elevation. Blue border indicates artificial sky brightness over 10% than the natural brightness which is the definition of "light polluted sky". Yellow indicates an artificial sky brightness equal to the natural so that the total sky brightness is doubled."

79. Light Pollution We want try to measure light pollution in Europe! This can be done by looking for the faintest stars you can see with the naked eye. http://www.physik.uni-osnabrueck.de/astro/aol/lightpol.html

Measuring light pollution Artificial lights are threatening the starry nights. Too much and wrong lighting illuminates the sky. By this you can see only the brightest stars, fainter stars are invisible in light polluted areas. More information about this subject you can find on the homepages of: International Dark-Sky Association , USA Dark Sky of the Vereinigung der Sternfreunde, Germany (in german) Campaign for Dark Skies (CfDS) by the British Astronomical Association , UK Lichtverschmutzung (swiss german) Oficina técnica para la proteccion y calidad del cielo (español and english) Some results for this Astronomy-Online project can be found here! We want try to measure light pollution in Europe! This can be done by looking for the faintest stars you can see with the naked eye. Stellar brightnesses are measured in magnitudes (mag): the brightest stars are about mag, the faintest to the naked eye about 6 mag (or 5 or even 7) - that's we want to find out! That's the sky you'll see at mid-November at about 21 hours. You easily identify some constellations like the Great Wagon (UMa - the Great Bear) and Cassiopeia (Cas). Between these you identify the Little Bear (UMi) with the brightest star Polaris. If you would like to take a chart out under the sky, you can print this chart Here we have the constellation of the Little Bear enlarged. Numbers besides the stars are their magnitudes. This

80. Mainpage - Light Pollution In Italy - Pierantonio Cinzano Web Pages Extensive maps and data charting the extent of light pollution in Italy and the effectiveness of its control using lighting codes. http://debora.pd.astro.it/cinzano/en/

Light Pollution in Italy Inquinamento luminoso in Italia by Pierantonio Cinzano Italiano Introduction to light pollution Italian sources of light pollution ... University of Padua All rights reserved Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels in the outdoor environment due to manmade light sources. Reported adverse effects of light pollution involve the animal kingdom, the vegetable kingdom and mankind. One of the most noticeable effects of light pollution is the increase in night sky brightness. The light wasted upward by the night-time outdoor lighting, in facts, lights up the atmospheric particles and molecules producing a luminous background which obstructs the vision of the night sky. This causes the loss of perception of the Universe where we live. This Web Site has the purposes to give you information on the problem of light pollution in Italy and on its possible solutions. The Proceedings of the Convention "Light Pollution and the Protection of the Night Environment - Venice: let's save the night" are collected in a book of 356 pages, edited by Pierantonio Cinzano and published by the Light Pollution Science and Technology Institute (ISTIL) with the support of UNESCO-ROSTE. The book reviews the many aspects of light pollution with a simple language through contributions of authors of international relevance: the importance of stargazing to man throughout the centuries, the situation of the night sky in Europe and Italy, ecological consequences of artificial night lighting, teaching light pollution at school, technical measures for an effective limitation of its effects, controlling light pollution in Eastern Europe and much more.

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