101. April2001 lichens do not absorb anything from their hosts; instead they derive water and Referred to by many scientists as nature s pioneers , lichens grow where http://community.webtv.net/Acrossthefence/April2001/page4.html

April Showers May Bring Lichens   After a refreshing spring shower, you suddenly discover a mysterious green growth on your favorite trees. Is it mold? Disease? Relax, it's probably lichens.  Specially adapted to withstand extremes of moisture and temperature, lichens become dormant in dry periods only to come "alive" when moisture is available to them. Part fungus, part algae, these self-sustaining ecosystems are nature's perfect tenants. Lichens do not absorb anything from their hosts; instead they derive water and essential nutrients from the atmosphere.  Referred to by many scientists as "nature's pioneers", lichens grow where few other plants can. From backyards to churchyards, tundra to rainforests, lichens establish themselves on rocks, trees, in soil and even man made surfaces such as asphalt and concrete. Their rough surfaces collect wind-blown debris and as they die, their organic matter is added to the mix; playing an important part in soil development.  If you have these strange creatures in your yard, consider yourself lucky. Although small in size and easily overlooked, these slow-growing , long-lived plants are a good indication of air quality.   Lacking the protective cuticle of higher plants, lichens act like sponges absorbing everything that comes their way; including air pollution.

102. Nearctica - Natural History - Lichens lichens are characterized by their external shape and structure. To learn more about lichens, visit one or more of the excellent lichen sites listed below. http://www.nearctica.com/nathist/fungi/lichens.htm

Lichens Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Fun with Lichens - Lichenland . Oregon State University. This is certainly a great lichen site. You have two options; either non-technical or a more advanced approach. In either case you query a database of lichen photographs and information by choosing from a series of options based on structure, life history, color, and so forth. You can find out about each of the characters and structures of lichens by clicking on the picture associated with each rather than making a choice. The result is one or more species satisfying these characters and for each species there are both photographs and information. Natural Prospective . The Fungus Kingdom: Lichens. Art Kornfeld. This page is a tremendous, non-technical introduction to lichens with wonderful photographs and information about the biology and structure of lichens.

103. Lichens Of California part fungus) and most lichens don t even have common English names. This convenient guide, the first ever on California lichens, describes the http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/2256.html

@import "style.css"; 312 pages Published April 1989 Available worldwide Entire Site Books Journals E-Editions The Press Mason E. Hale and Mariette Cole Lichens of California California Natural History Guides, 54 Out of stockships when avail Categories: Natural History Ecology Plants Botany ... MORE INFO AND CHOICES Email: Description About the Authors DESCRIPTION (back to top) A close look at rocks and trees is often rewarded by the orange or yellow mosaic patterns of some of California's 1,000 species of lichens; yet few people know anything about their unusual compound nature (part alga, part fungus) and most lichens don't even have common English names. This convenient guide, the first ever on California lichens, describes the appearance, habitats, and ranges of over 350 species, 48 of which are illustrated in color, with many others shown in black and white. For weavers and fabric manufacturers, the brilliance of lichen colors provides unusual textile dyes. For scientists, the sensitivity of lichens to air pollution makes them useful biomonitors for environmental studies. For nature lovers they can be an unending source of fascination, and Lichens of California offers convenient identification keys, range maps, and chapters describing the structure, chemistry, and ecology of lichens.

104. Fossil Gallery: "Lichens" What are lichens ? lichens are structures composed of a unique symbiotic Living on exposed rocks in dry environments, lichens help to weather rocks. http://www.paleoportal.org/fossil_gallery/taxon.php?taxon_id=107

105. MACROLICHENS Of MAINE Some of my interests are lichens, aquatic invertebrates, and ecology. The following are some species lists of New England lichens http://hometown.aol.com/atmame77/page/MACROLICHENS.html

htmlAdWH('93212816', '728', '90'); Main Science Main Science htmlAdWH('7002795', '234', '60'); WELCOME TO MY WEB SITE Some of my interests are Lichens, aquatic invertebrates, and ecology. The following are some species lists of New England Lichens: MACROLICHENS of NEW ENGLAND MICROLICHENS of NEW ENGLAND White Mountain Lichens, New Hampshire Here is a Key to the Macrolichens of Maine: MACROLICHENS MICROLICHENS BRYOPHYTES of NEW ENGLAND AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES of NEW ENGLAND In the future I hope to put on more Keys and lists of Lichens and aquatic invertebrates of the New England area.This site will have Lichen lists every other week if I don't have the space, so do come back If the link doesn't work. Links: Aquatic Ecology Page State of Massachusetts EOEA: Biodiversity Database, Information, and Biodiversity Days Iowa State Entomology Index of Internet Resources ABLS - Internet Resources ... Wetlands Links E-MAIL: Send your feedback Atmame77@aol.com! Doug Greene

106. LICHENS—An Unlikely Source Of New Herbicides As a successful alliance between these two organisms, lichens live as a single organism The scientific names of lichens are based on the fungal parts, http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan01/lichen0101.htm

Printable Version Email this page Advanced Search News Magazine  Subscriptions ... Noticias en espa±ol Unlikely Source of New Herbicides Chemist Dhammika Nanayakkara observes a crude fraction from a lichen extract. In their search for new and more environmentally friendly herbicides, scientists are leaving no proverbial stone unturned. Now Agricultural Research Service scientists in collaboration with the National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi-Oxford, have found a natural compound in lichens that may be a potential new herbicide. "Lichens are unusual and intriguing organisms," says Franck E. Dayan, a plant physiologist in the ARS Natural Products Utilization Research Unit at Oxford, Mississippi. "They're a hybrid of two kingdoms—the quintessential symbiosis of a fungus and an alga. "As a successful alliance between these two organisms, lichens live as a single organism. Both inhabit the same body, or thallus, with each doing what it does best and thriving as a result of the natural cooperation." Usnic acid, a natural lichen product, is under study as a potential herbicide. Plant physiologist Franck Dayan examines the molecular interactions between usnic acid and the enzyme it inhibits.

107. IPCC Information Sheets - Lichens Despite having plant like features, lichens are not plants at all. lichens have the ability to accumulate nutrients from rain or runoff even though such http://www.ipcc.ie/infolichens.html

Irish Peatland Conservation Council Comhairle Chaomhnaithe ACTION FOR BOGS Growing wiser wildlife gardening series Bog factsheets Bogs formation, ecology, distribution ... Join IPCC Lichens What is a Lichen? Despite having plant like features, lichens are not plants at all. They are actually compound organisms made up of two, or even three, very different partners, none of which is a plant. The partners exist in a symbiotic relationship which means they all benefit from the relationship. The dominant partner in the lichen symbiosis is a fungus with a colony of algae or cyanobacteria, sometimes both - supplying food by photosynthesis. Fungal hyphae enveloping algal chains in the antler-horn and bearded lichens. Structurally, the algal cells are sandwiched by fungal tissue and therefore protected from intense light, drought and heat. Thus the alga is sheltered and can live in extreme conditions where it might otherwise be destroyed by the harsh environment. The fungus also could not live alone under such conditions as it cannot produce carbohydrates. These compound organisms can colonise habitats otherwise unoccupied, which gives lichens a decisive advantage in competition for space. Lichen Survival Lichens can endure physiological desiccation which enables the species to survive alternate drying and wetting of its tissues and to colonise hostile environments. Lichens use this feature to their advantage in competing with other plants on the bog. The drying of the lichen and its shrinkage effectively strangles germinating seedlings allowing the lichen to form thick carpets on the bog surface.

108. Laboratory Of Plant Taxonomy Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy WWW Server Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Kochi University Since July 11, 1997 Japanese Page. CONTENTS http://plants.cc.kochi-u.ac.jp/

Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy WWW Server Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Kochi University Since July 11, 1997 Japanese Page CONTENTS Laboratory Snap shots of our Lab. Japanese only Herbarium (KOCH) Information List of Type specimens, photographs etc. Old PC Museum MZ-80, PC8001, FM7 etc. Japanese only Server Information Tohru Matsui and Tatsuya Okamoto

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