61. UNI HH FB14 - Biozentrum Klein Flottbek Checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi 2005 Checklists of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. Version 1 July 2005. http//www.checklists.de http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/ialb/herbar/lichenw.htm

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62. Botany Online: Interactions - Plants - Fungi - Anatomy Of Some Lichens Anatomy of Some lichens. (All photos were taken with the help of interference microscopy). Crosssections through the thalli of Usnea florida and http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e33/anatomie.htm

Anatomy of Some Lichens (All photos were taken with the help of interference microscopy) Cross-sections through the thalli of Usnea florida and Everniopsis trulla. Alectoria jubata Letharia vulpina Impressum

63. Lichen Collection Search Database lichens registered specimens Collections Department of Cryptogamic Botany Swedish Museum of Natural History. PÃ¥ svenska Department of Cryptogamic Botany http://www2.nrm.se/kbo/saml/lavkoll.html.en

Lichens: registered specimens Collections Department of Cryptogamic Botany Swedish Museum of Natural History Department of Cryptogamic Botany Collections Databases Research ... Natural History This database contains information on the so far registered lichen specimens in the herbarium of the Swedish Museum of Natural History. A species list lists all taxa represented in the herbarium. Enter your search words in the input fields. You may use * to indicate rest of word and single quotes to define a phrase (e. g. 'Serra da Chapada'). Boolean and, or, not can also be used. The word or can be omitted. For further information about this database, see the description Get direct answer (no intermediate page) Search all fields Name in the herbarium Basionym (for types only) Area (continent) Locality Collection date Collector Max hits to return The database contains 30.699 records, corresponding to 10,4 % of the lichen collections in S. Latest update of the database: 24 April 2002. /kbo/saml/lavkoll.html.en Latest update: 24 April 2002 Responsible for this page: Monika Myrdal

64. Index lichens in Depth. Fred M. Rhoades. Biology Department. Western Washington University. Bellingham, WA. fredr@cc.wwu.edu http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~fredr/Lichens.htm

Lichens in Depth Fred M. Rhoades Biology Department Western Washington University Bellingham, WA fredr@cc.wwu.edu Click on the individual thumbnails to go to separate pages with explanatory text and the larger 3-D image. The final images are in JPS stereo format. They must be viewed with a plugin that reads and displays JPS files. Install the Image Gen Plug-in that comes with the FreeJPSViewer from Flowing Visions. Unfortunately this plugin is not available for Macs. Most files have images that are about 800 pixels wide. Scale line in each illustration is approximately one centimeter. This lichen site is dedicated to the memory of Sylvia Duran Sharnoff who, with her husband Stephen Sharnoff, have embarked on a North American lichen photographic adventure (see The Lichen Project Alectoria sarmentosa - "Common Witch's Hair" Caloplaca rosei - "Fanned Jewel Lichen" Caloplaca verriculosa and Verrucaria maura - "Warty Jewel Lichen" and "Black Seaside Crust" Cladina portentosa - "Yellow-green Lowland Reindeer Lichen" Footprint within Cladina portentosa var.

65. Lichens - Olympic National Park lichens have evolved to survive in almost any environmental condition. Defensive Chemicals lichens excrete many toxins and antibiotic compounds for http://www.nps.gov/olym/invlichen.htm

Lichens go to biology Images What is a Lichen Olympic is covered in lichens. Lichens are fungi that have formed symbiotic relationships with algal partners. The fungus provides a protective home, water supply and nutrient source for colonies of algae and/or cyanobacteria. In return for protection, the algal cells turn loose up to 70% of all the sugars harvested from their chlorophyll . The fungus uses these sugars as food. In turn, many animals use lichens as food. Lichens best represent the cooperative relationship of fungal-algal symbiosis. A similar relationship is found between forest fungi and their tree partners. This fungal-tree symbiosis is called a mycorrhizal relationship Lichen diagram Lichens as an indicator of air pollution Lichens are intolerant of pollution (especially sulfur dioxide) and are often used as bio-indicators of pollution. Sulfur dioxide destroys chlorophyll and affects respiration. Ozone and heavy metals also damage lichens. As indicators of pollution, lichens have been used by researchers to monitor and determine the health of the atmosphere . Olympic National Park has incredibly clean air. How are the lichens doing near your home town?

66. Denali National Park & Preserve - Nature & Science More than 650 species of flowering plants as well as many species of mosses, lichens, fungi, algae, and others grace the slopes and valleys of Denali. http://www.nps.gov/dena/pphtml/nature.html

Overview Search Search this park Search nps.gov Home Accessibility Activities Education Programs ... Natural Resource Management Documents (NPS Photo) Denali, the "High One," is the name Athabascan native people gave the massive peak that crowns the 600-mile-long Alaska Range. Denali is also the name of an immense national park and preserve created from the former Mount McKinley National Park. In 1917 Mount McKinley National Park was established as a game refuge. The park and the massif including North America’s highest peak were named for former senator – later President – William McKinley. In 1980, the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) enlarged the boundary by 4 million acres and redesignated it as Denali National Park and Preserve. It exemplifies interior Alaska’s character as one of the world’s last great frontiers, its wilderness is largely unspoiled. More than 650 species of flowering plants as well as many species of mosses, lichens, fungi, algae, and others grace the slopes and valleys of Denali. Only plants adapted to long, cold winters and short growing seasons can survive in this subarctic wilderness. Permafrost ground underlies many areas of the park, where only a thin layer of topsoil is available to support life. After the continental glaciers retreated from most of the park 10,000 to 14,000 years ago, hundreds of years were required to begin building new soils and revegetation. The dynamic glaciated landscape provides large rivers, countless lakes and ponds, and unique landforms which form the foundation of the ecosystems that thrive Denali

67. IDENTIFYING NORTH AMERICAN LICHENS--A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE IDENTIFYING NORTH AMERICAN lichens A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE. General lichen references, works for beginners, lichen keys online, and a lichen bibliography http://www.huh.harvard.edu/collections/lichens/guide/

Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University IDENTIFYING NORTH AMERICAN LICHENS: A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE General lichen references, works for beginners, lichen keys online, and a lichen bibliography by genus by Philip F. May, Irwin M. Brodo, and Theodore L. Esslinger Unless you have fast Internet access, the Guide may take a long time to access. If you are using a dial-up modem, we recommend that you store the Guide permanently on your own computer using the SAVE command of your browser. You may then quickly access it via the File menu of your browser or from your computer's directory of files. Access Guide to the Literature Now (last update 2002 October 27; 853 KB) Keys and other lichen-related pages at Harvard Harvard Herbaria homepage Links to other lichen sites

68. Identifying North American Lichens--A Guide To The Literature Species growing on calcareous rock and soil (limeloving lichens) By far the best way to start identifying lichens is by attending one or more workshop, http://www.huh.harvard.edu/collections/lichens/guide/guidetoliterature.html

Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University IDENTIFYING NORTH AMERICAN LICHENS: A GUIDE TO THE LITERATURE General lichen references, works for beginners, lichen keys online, and a lichen bibliography by genus by Philip F. May, Irwin M. Brodo, and Theodore L. Esslinger Revised 27 October 2002 About this webpage Suggestions for use Acknowledgements Back to lichen pages at Harvard ... [skip explanation] TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: How we chose and organized the references How to obtain a reference Lichen identification for beginners Keys for beginners ... [skip explanation] About this webpage Authors: Philip F. May, Irwin M. Brodo, and Theodore L. Esslinger Web implementation: Philip F. May Original date online: 15 March 2000 Entries updated: 18 October 2002 (includes RLL #187) URLs updated: 27 October 2002 File size: 853 kilobytes Send corrections, suggestions, or comments to Philip May: philip.may@verizon.net Suggested citation: http://www.huh.harvard.edu/collections/lichens/guide/index.html Table of Contents Suggestions for use Unless you have a fast internet connection, we strongly recommend saving this bibliography onto your own computer’s hard drive via the save function of your browser. The file is about eight hundred fifty kilobytes long. Using a dial-up modem, it may take from 30 seconds to four minutes to access via the Internet, but much less time from your hard drive. Once saved, the file may be read directly using your browser or printed out. A printed version will be approximately 190 pages long.

69. Lichens Of Alberta This web site is about the natural history of lichens, You will find an explanation of what lichens are, their importance and how to identify common http://members.shaw.ca/james.case/lichens/home.htm

Alberta Lichens This web site is about the natural history of lichens, or more specifically, about lichens found in Alberta. You will find an explanation of what lichens are , their importance and how to identify common species. Hopefully you will find this a useful way to learn about lichens, how to identify them and about their uses as biomonitors of air pollution, natural dyes, use by animals and as food. Initially, the emphasis of this site will be the natural history of the common lichens within a 100 km radius of Calgary, Alberta, Canada where I live. Keys for identifying the species found in the area have been assembled on the basis of a survey of the published literature conducted over several years. If you wish to find out more detailed information about the species presented here, I recommend you check out the excellent websites and publications listed in the the reference section. You can obtain copies of many of the books at Amazon.com. While the identification keys are meant for the Calgary area, much of the material is relevant for the rest of Alberta, other parts of western Canada, and even portions of the United States and Mexico. This web site is evolving and growing slowing ("hey, it's about lichens right?") and is influenced by input from you. Over time, I hope to provide more complete keys, as well as add links to other

70. USGS Biology Programs lichens seem to reproduce sexually, but what appears to be a fruiting structure is lichens are very diverse in form some grow flat and appressed to a http://biology.usgs.gov/s t/noframe/j095.htm

The page you are looking for has been moved or no longer exists. Please go to the BRD Home Page to find its new location. About BRD Science Features Contact Us ... DOI Home Comments, questions: biologywebteam@usgs.gov Text-only Accessibility FOIA

71. Australian Biological Resources Study - Flora Of Australia - Glossary - Lichens lichens Glossary. Flora of Australia GLOSSARY lichens. DJGalloway. Back to Glossaries. This general Glossary contains terms likely to be used in the http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/glossaries/lichen/

Skip navigation links About us Contact us Publications ... What's new Australian Biological Resources Study You are here: DEH Home Biodiversity ABRS ... Lichens Flora of Australia GLOSSARY - Lichens D.J.Galloway Back to Glossaries This general Glossary contains terms likely to be used in the volumes of the Flora of Australia dealing with the lichens (Volumes 54-58). Specialised terms that are crucial to the understanding of the account of an individual family or genus, but not of wide application, will be defined as appropriate in the relevant volumes. As far as possible the definitions provided here conform with those used for vascular plants, but there are some instances where the meanings differ and long-standing practice is accepted. It is the policy of the Flora Editorial Committee to keep the use of technical terms to a minimum so as to make it easy for the reader to use the Flora without constant reference to the Glossary. Words explained accurately, for botanical purposes, in The Macquarie Dictionary have generally not been included in the Glossary unless much more widely used in English in a different sense. Australian Biological Resources Study . Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed in the first instance to the Editor: Lower Plants and Fungi Subprogram . These pages may not be displayed on, or downloaded to, any other server without the express permission of ABRS.

72. Australian Biological Resources Study - Lichens And Bryophytes lichens are especially diverse in tropical and temperate regions, that is, As with lichens, bryophytes possess a similar, although less well documented http://www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/sub-programs/lichens/

Skip navigation links About us Contact us Publications ... What's new Australian Biological Resources Study You are here: DEH Home Biodiversity ABRS ... Skip Navigation In this theme Subprograms Subprograms home Algae Fauna Fungi ... Vascular Flora Relevant links Lichens publications Bryophytes publications Quick links Skip navigation links Contact us EPBC Act ... What's new Lichens and Bryophytes Subprogram Lichens Lichens are composite organisms comprising, in most cases, an Ascomycete fungus and a unicellular green alga. More than 3100 species are known to occur in Australia and its external territories, representing 396 genera in about 99 families. Lichens are especially diverse in tropical and temperate regions, that is, near the east coast from north Queensland to Tasmania. While species numbers are far smaller in semi-arid and arid parts of the country, their biomass in those regions is considerable and their biological significance profound. Environmental significance Most lichens grow on bare rock, soil or on the bark of trees and shrubs. Their ability to exploit extreme habitats, coupled with the sensitivity of their fungus-alga symbiosis, mean that they not only possess a tangible and important ecological role, but also their diversity and abundance are reliable biological indicators of overall environmental health. Lichens colonise bare rock, over time breaking down the substratum and beginning the process of soil-formation.

73. Lichen: Definition And Much More From Answers.com lichens require no food source other than light, air, and minerals. Some lichen taxonomists place lichens in their own division, the Mycophycophyta, http://www.answers.com/topic/lichen

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Medical WordNet Wikipedia Translations Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping lichen Dictionary li·chen lī kən n. A fungus, usually of the class Ascomycetes, that grows symbiotically with algae, resulting in a composite organism that characteristically forms a crustlike or branching growth on rocks or tree trunks. Pathology. Any of various skin diseases characterized by patchy eruptions of small, firm papules. tr.v. -chened -chen·ing -chens To cover with lichens. [Latin līchēn , a kind of plant, from Greek leikhēn , from leikhein , to lick.] li chen·ous adj. var tcdacmd="cc=hlt;dt"; Encyclopedia lichen lī kən ) , usually slow-growing organism of simple structure, composed of fungi (see Fungi ) and photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria living together in a symbiotic relationship and resulting in a structure that resembles neither constituent. There are about 25,000 species, most comprised of a sac fungus (Ascomycete) and a green alga of the genus Trebouxia or Trentepohlia or a cyanobacterium of the genus Nostoc;

74. Lichens.html lichens are miniecosystems consistng of two organisms; Many people mistake them for mosses; however, lichens are unique in the plant kingdom. http://www-ed.fnal.gov/entry_exhibits/lichens/lichens.html

Leon M. Lederman Science Education Center Fermilab Flora and Fauna Education Home Page Exhibits Home Page Lichens are mini-ecosystems consistng of two organisms; a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacterium. Many people mistake them for mosses; however, lichens are unique in the plant kingdom. They live in a symbioic relationship-that is, they use and support each other in a way that allows them to live in places they would not be able to live in alone. They are found mostly on wood or rocks. They do not decompose wood, but they do break down rock material over time. They need sufficient sunlight and moisture to thrive. There are many thousands of types of lichens, but they are divided into three main groups: Lichens are not only fun to observe, but they are also useful in various ways Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution. Because lichens absorb pollutants, scientists often study the number and variety of lichens in an area to determine air pollution levels. Lichens are the main food source for reindeer.

75. Lichen Collections And Research At The Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National He Search for lichens in the Type Specimen Register of the US National Herbarium Bouly de Lesdain s lichens du Mexique Types Collected by Arsène GJ Brouard http://www.nmnh.si.edu/botany/projects/lichens/

Department of Botany Menu Botanical Art and Images Collections Events and Activities ... What is a Lichen Facilities and Collections Lichen Collection of the U.S. National Herbarium Research Materials and Libraries In addition to the specimens, the lichen collection contains associated research materials, including microscope slides, chemical extracts, chemical identification plates, SEM photographs and negatives from Mason E. Hale and frozen lichen tissues, DNA samples, and a small number of living cultures from Paula DePriest. An associated literature collection includes Hale's research notes, collecting notebooks, photographs and kodachrome slides; an extensive modern reprint collection; and a large library of lichen literature. The library includes the Stevenson collection of rare and historic literature, as well as a number of contemporary books. The library is supplemented by the Department of Botany Branch Library, which subscribes to all major lichenological serials and purchases major lichenological works. Databases and Products of Lichen Research Projects [Note: The link to these databases will open a new browser window. To return to this page, close the new window.]

76. AAIR-LICHENS , MESURE DE LA POLLUTION DE L'AIR PAR LES LICHENS Translate this page AAIR-lichens est le spécialiste de l¹étude de la qualité de l¹air par la lichénologie. http://www.aair-lichens.com/

ENGLISH CONTACT GLOSSAIRE ABREVIATIONS ... Diagnostic environnemental , usines d'incinération, qualité de l'air, pollution de l'air, études d'impact Un coefficient d’amplification détermine l’ Indice Global de la Qualité de l’Air (IGQA) selon 5 classes allant de notablement modifié à excellent. La densité des relevés apporte un degré de précision supplémentaire et les lichens réagissent à la sommation de la pollution de l'air consécutive aux éventuelles modifications physico-chimiques des polluants. Intégration du suivi lichénologique de la qualité de l’air au niveau régional en complémentarité avec les AASQA Biosurveillance La société Aair-Lichens est spécialisée dans le diagnostic environnemental Aair Lichens collabore avec des Bureaux d’Etudes pour l’établissement et le suivi des études d’impact , notamment lorsqu'un "volet portant sur la qualité de l’air" est inscrit dans les cahiers des charges. Lichen Usines d’Incinération Usines d’Incinération des Déchets et des Ordures Ménagères conception / realisation IDcoder

77. USDA- Forest Service PNW Lichens And Air Quality Key to genera of foliicolous lichensAs a complement to the Checklist of foliicolous lichens and their lichenicolous fungi, this KEY TO FOLIICOLOUS lichens AND THEIR LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI is a http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/aq/lichen/

The R6 Lichens HomePage Alectoria sarmentosa (above), abundant in forested mountains of the Pacific Northwest, reflects the region's generally good air quality. Air Quality Biomonitoring Program on National Forests of Northwest Oregon and Southwest Washington Information Available Query the Lichens, Mosses and Air Quality Database Get Lichen Drawings, Illustrations are by Alexander Mikulin, mag@proaxis.com Air Quality and Lichens - A Literature Review Emphasizing the Pacific Northwest, USA A graphic example of air pollution and its effects on lichen abundance and distribution Pollution effects on lichen morphology Lichen sensitivity ratings defined Lichen sensitivity ratings by species (with images) National Forest lichen inventory data Regional Contacts Link to other lichen information resources BACKGROUND INFORMATION Beginning in 1993 and 1994, managers of the Willamette, Siuslaw, Deschutes, Gifford Pinchot and Mt. Hood National Forests and the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area pooled resources to develop a unified approach for biomonitoring air quality using non-vascular plants. They wanted information which would be comparable across Forest boundaries and interface with other Forest, regional and national databases. The primary objectives of the program are to help Forests meet federal and agency responsibilities for the detection and description of air pollution impacts and the protection of Forest air resources. Secondary objectives are to improve our understanding of the ecological roles of non-vascular plants and to develop their potential as indicators of forest health, stability and biodiversity.

78. BUBL LINK: Mosses And Lichens Subjects mosses and lichens, thailand DeweyClass 588 Includes recent literature on lichens, checklists of specimens, the Threatened Macrolichens http://bubl.ac.uk/link/m/mossesandlichens.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Mosses and lichens Titles Descriptions Bryological Glossary Bryology at the Missouri Botanical Garden Bryophytes Lichen Herbarium ... Mosses and Liverworts in Wales Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Bryological Glossary A multilingual glossary for bryology. Includes a brief definition of a term in English and gives the equivalent French, German and Spanish translation of the term. Author: Missouri Botanical Garden Subjects: mosses and lichens DeweyClass: Resource type: dictionary Bryology at the Missouri Botanical Garden Information about mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Includes an index of mosses, bryological glossary, bryophyte names authority lists, moss checklist of Thailand and moss flora of China. Author: Missouri Botanical Garden Subjects: mosses and lichens, thailand DeweyClass: Resource type: documents Bryophytes Bryology is the study of mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Includes information on the classification, structural features, natural history, ecology and evolutionary relationships of these plants. Author: Southern Illinois University Subjects: mosses and lichens DeweyClass: Resource type: documents, images

79. Bernard Field Station Lichens Although some lichens are found throughout the BFS, the greatest concentration, Juvenile parasite on other lichens becoming independent and squamulose, http://www.bfs.claremont.edu/biota/lichens.html

HOME Biota [Printer-friendly lichen list Lichens A lichen survey of the BFS was conducted on 17 Janurary 2005 by Kerry Knudsen , Curator of Lichens for the University of California Riverside Herbarium . Twenty-six taxa were recorded. Two additional genera were observed, but could not be identified to species. Voucher specimens are deposited in the UCR Herbarium, and specimen numbers are shown below. Although some lichens are found throughout the BFS, the greatest concentration, especially of lichens on rocks, is found in the relatively undisturbed Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub community in the upper part of the "neck", and this was the area surveyed as indicated on the map to the right. Not surprisingly, the lichen populations at the BFS have been affected by the air pollution in the Los Angeles basin, and many of the lichen species found at the BFS are nitrophytes. Area of lichen survey. Species name Notes Descriptions UCR No. Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr. On granite. Acarospora cinereoalba (Fink) H. Magn.

80. Lichens lichens debuted at the Million Tongues festival last summer. Lowe s finger picked acoustic guitar sounded like he¹s spent time pondering Fahey s legacy, http://www.kranky.net/artists/lichens.html

Lichens biography Robert Lowe plays bass and sings in 90 Day Men and recently worked with TV On The Radio. 90 Day Men have released three albums and several EPs, rapidly developing from an angular, harsh post-punk band into their current expansive, near-progressive swirl of guitars, keyboards and vocals. Lowe recently worked with TV On The Radio, contributing keyboards and vocals to performances and the upcoming album. He has also collaborated on tour with Castanets. Lichens is Lowe's personal vehicle, created for performance and recording solo and with collaborators. Lichens has performed in Chicago, beginning at the Arthur magazine sponsored Million Tongues Festival in summer 2004 and New York solo and in duos. Lichens live is a transfixing experience, looping wordless vocals into curtains of drone. Lowe adds acoustic and electric guitars, percussion and other effects to create alternately thick and delicate works. Lowe has recorded and released a Lichens CD-R on his own, each hand assembled and released in a limited edition. Lichens contributed a track to the One Bright Sunny Day compilation CD, the debut releases from the Chicago-based IC Recordings label. Further touring is planned. In addition to the release of The Psychic Nature of Being (which is being released on vinyl by the estimable folk/psych/heavy imprint Holy Mountain) Chocolate Industries is releasing a limited edition 7 inch single by Lichens packaged inside a book of art Lowe curated with contributions by Jon Beasley, Justin Schaeffer, Devendra Banhart and others.

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