61. Soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, Part 5/5 This article was archived around 4 Jun 1997 220054 GMT. All FAQs in Directorylebanonfaq All FAQs posted in soc.culture.lebanon Source Usenet Version http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/lebanon-faq/part5.html

Note from archiver cs.uu.nl: This page is part of a big collection of Usenet postings, archived here for your convenience. For matters concerning the content of this page , please contact its author(s); use the source , if all else fails. For matters concerning the archive as a whole, please refer to the archive description or contact the archiver. Subject: soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 5/5 This article was archived around: 4 Jun 1997 22:00:54 GMT All FAQs in Directory: lebanon-faq All FAQs posted in: soc.culture.lebanon Source: Usenet Version Archive-name: lebanon-faq/part5 Last-modified: 1997/4/6 Version: 2.37 http://huez.eurecom.fr:8080/ a part of it can be also obtained via ftp: ftp://huez.eurecom.fr/SCL/ Maintained by Alaa Dakroub o Soc.Culture.Lebanon FAQ: http://huez.eurecom.fr:8080/faq.html o Alaa Dakroub Home Page: http://huez.eurecom.fr:8080/dakroub.html o Soc.Culture.Lebanon People: http://huez.eurecom.fr:8080/People/ It hosts introduction pages of SCLers. Maintained by Adonis Al-Fakih [The www.cica.fr is no more valid for the SCL Home page] o Almashriq - Levant Multimedia Servers: http://www.ludvigsen.hiof.no/webdoc/levant_servers.html

62. Soc.culture.lebanon Newsgroup soc.culture.lebanon Go up to soc.culture soc.culture.lebanon FAQ,part 1/5 soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 2/5 soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-bng/soc.culture.lebanon.html

Faqs by Newsgroup Newsgroup: soc.culture.lebanon Go up to : soc.culture soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 1/5 soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 2/5 soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 3/5 ... soc.culture.lebanon FAQ, part 5/5

63. Republic Of Turkey, Ministry Of Culture And Tourism - Lebanon 9611 510051 - 510055 aviation@anastasiatravel.com Po.Box90-11511 Beirut lebanon sagittairetravel@hotmail.com Po.Box167157 Khairallah Beirut lebanon http://goturkey.kultur.gov.tr/turizm_en.asp?belgeno=10171

64. PMag V21n2p06 -- Lebanon's Democratic Culture Shows Its Roots lebanon s Democratic culture Shows Its Roots. The Lebanese, far from needinglessons on democracy and nonviolent change, are experienced at dealing with http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v21n2p06.htm

Lebanon's Democratic Culture Shows Its Roots The Lebanese, far from needing lessons on democracy and nonviolent change, are experienced at dealing with internal and external pressures on their social and political system. Both the anti-Syrian and pro-Syrian protests of March 2005 are part of a complex search for social peace in a troubled region Ken Simons On September 11, 1952, a general strike and street protests forced the collapse of the Lebanese government. The "Rosewater Revolution" brought a new generation to power. In February and March of 2005 another generation led by the children and grandchildren of the leaders of the 1952 protests temporarily brought down another government. The Rosewater and "Cedar" Revolu-tions point to the maturity and depth of political traditions in Lebanon, a country that has been continuously under multi-party parliamentary rule since independence. Democratic structures may have been more formal than real during the 1975-89 civil war, but the ease with which former enemies reverted to political roles was a tribute to the persistence of democratic culture. Colonial Rule and a National Pact Lebanon was once the centre of the Phoenician civilization. It later came under Roman, Byzantine, and eventually Ottoman rule, during which the province gained autonomous status under a Christian governor. With the defeat of the Ottoman empire in WWI, France gained a League of Nations mandate over Lebanon and modern-day Syria. Both were occupied by the Allies during WWII, but were granted conditional independence Lebanon in 1941, and Syria in 1944 prior to the Allied withdrawal in 1946.

65. Arabic News Weekly Edition For Lebanon, 10/20/1997 lebanon, culture, 10/21/1997 Hariri in Armenia The discussions resulted in thesignature of lebanon, culture, 10/20/1997 More lawsuits against Al Diyar http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Weekly/Lebanon/19971020.html

Weekly Edition, Lebanon - Week of October 20, 1997 Front Page Previous Week Category Politics Business and Economics Local Country News Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti ... News Calendar Resources Weather Book Store Science and Technology Phone Codes ... Free Subscription Subscription Premium Subscription Free Newsletter Marketplace Advertising Info Apply now! Israeli warplanes attack guerrilla bases after two soldiers wounded The Palestinian group Islamic Jihad, meanwhile, issued a statement claiming responsibility for the attack on the edge of the security zone Friday Lebanon, Military, 10/25/1997 Security sweep in Hermel Infantry and army forces joined together for a predawn security sweep yesterday in Hermel, Bekaa, with the interference of the army's helicopters for the first time since 1974. The operation came a day before the major civil disobedience rally called for by breakaway leader Sheikh Sobhi Toufeili. Lebanon, Politics, 10/25/1997 Lebanese citizens banned from entering Qatar? Diplomats at the Lebanese Foreign Ministry on Thursday denied receiving official word on measures reportedly taken by Qatari officials banning Lebanese passport holders from entering Qatar. Lebanon, Politics, 10/24/1997

66. Arabic News Weekly Edition For Lebanon, 3/2/1998 lebanon, culture, 3/6/1998 Annan to visit Beirut March 20 lebanon, culture,3/4/1998 AL refuses Israeli conditions on withdrawal from south lebanon http://www.arabicnews.com/ansub/Weekly/Lebanon/19980302.html

Weekly Edition, Lebanon - Week of March 2, 1998 Front Page Previous Week Category Politics Business and Economics Local Country News Algeria Bahrain Comoros Djibouti ... News Calendar Resources Weather Book Store Science and Technology Phone Codes ... Free Subscription Subscription Premium Subscription Free Newsletter Marketplace Advertising Info Apply now! Lebanese child wounded in Israeli shelling Atef Asaad, four years old, was wounded when Israeli shells hit in the village of Mashghara in the western Bekaa. The shelling, which caused damage to several houses in the area, was preceded by clashes between the Lebanese resistance and Israeli-allied militiamen. Lebanon Israel, Military, 3/7/1998 Hariri - Maronites Lebanon, Politics, 3/7/1998 Russian envoy arrives in Beirut Lebanon, Politics, 3/7/1998 Another 20 Lebanese released from Syrian jails Syria Lebanon, Politics, 3/7/1998 Lebanon denies secret meeting with Israeli officials Lebanon on Thursday dismissed reports of a secret meeting between a Lebanese official and two Israeli delegates in Paris as "baseless." Lebanon Israel, Politics, 3/7/1998

67. Lebanon: UNESCO Culture Sector lebanon. International Safeguarding Campaign of the Archaeological site of Tyre and culture Sector. Division of Cultural Heritage Mission Programme http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2617&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTI

UNESCO.ORG The Organization Education Natural Sciences ... Culture var static_ko="2617"; var static_section="201"; var static_langue="en"; World Heritage In the Arab States Egypt Lebanon ... Special Focus UNESCO Cultural Activities Worldwide Archives In Focus News Events Just Published Newsletter Home Sitemap Print Send ... Subscribe Lebanon International Safeguarding Campaign of the Archaeological site of Tyre and its surroundings In spite of being on the World Heritage List and the prospect of an international campaign for its safeguarding, the archaeological site of Tyre and its surroundings, which have already sustained considerable damage through both natural and human factors, are threatened with irremediable depredation and the disappearance of the remains forever more. The active intervention of as many bodies, institutions and individuals as possible is required in order to avoid aggravation of the damage. Tyre was built on a rocky island which was linked to the mainland by Alexander the Great when he chose to conquer the city in 332 BC. Renowned for its beauty - Dionysus himself was filled with wonder when he visited Tyre: ‘I have never contemplated such beauty  Oh most cherished city in the world!’ - Tyre can boast of a very long and rich history. Occupied as it was for some 3,000 years before Christ, it is thanks to the Egyptian manuscripts, the letters of el-Amarna and the tablets of Ugarit that so much information has been handed down to us. According to the Bible, King Solomon, when making preparations to build the Temple in Jerusalem, approached Hiram, the King of Tyre, in order to buy wood - the famous cedars of Lebanon - and to request the services of his craftsmen to work the timber.

68. Lebanon: UNESCO Culture Sector Bearing in mind the present social context in lebanon, it is not surprising thatthe cultural and artistic communities should also be suffering to this day http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24636&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECT

var static_ko="24636"; var static_section="201"; var static_langue="en"; Culture Status of the Artist Lebanon The artist place Bearing in mind the present social context in Lebanon, it is not surprising that the cultural and artistic communities should also be suffering to this day from the inexistence of proper laws to protect them or give them the possibility to run their lives with dignity and justice. In 1926, while Lebanon was still under French mandate, a law was created regarding “artistic” activities, and unfortunately it prevails to the present day. “Unfortunately” because it has become totally outdated, and to a great extent is seriously irrational, since it covers under one all-encompassing heading all forms of what is termed “artists” and artistic events, including nightclub strippers and the like. LEGAL FRAMEWORK Employment Although it is not possible to give precise figures about artists’ employment and unemployment, because no studies have been carried out on the subject, unemployment is becoming more and more dramatic as the economic crisis of the country drags on and in fact deepens. Contract In short, with regard to the profession for performing artists in Lebanon (and surely this applies to painters, writers, etc., as well) it has become a question of a “free-for-all”.

69. The Country And People Of Lebanon About lebanon * Business * culture * Education * History * Media * Organizations *Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries http://www.hejleh.com/countries/lebanon.html

Special Arab Files This page contains links to sites in Lebanon and Lebanon related sites. For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries Web hejleh.com Lebanon, History The site of the ancient maritime city-state of Phoenicia, the area later fell to successive Middle Eastern powers. Christianity was introduced under the Roman Empire and persisted even after the coming of Islam with the Arab conquest (7th cent.). In the late 11th cent. Lebanese Christians aided the Crusaders in the region. The area came under the Ottoman Turks in the 16th cent., and after the Turkish defeat in World War I it became part of a French mandate known as Greater Lebanon. Since independence in 1945, Lebanon has been plagued by civil strife and problems with its neighbors. A member of the Arab League, it took little part in the Arab-Israeli Wars that followed Israel's independence in 1948, but the stage was set for future problems when many Palestinians fled Israel and settled in S Lebanon. Meanwhile, Lebanon's internal equilibrium was shaken (1958) by a rebellion against pro-Western policies, and U.S. forces were called in briefly. In 1975 civil war erupted between leftist Muslims, aided by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), and conservative Christians. In 1976 Syrian troops intervened, and a cease-fire was declared, but Israel and the PLO engaged in a sporadic border war in S Lebanon. In 1978, following a limited Israeli invasion, a UN peacekeeping force was placed in S Lebanon. Fighting continued, however, and in 1982 Israel invaded Lebanon, forcing out many members of the PLO and causing widespread devastation. A massacre of Palestinians by Lebanese Christians during the Israeli occupation of Beirut led to worldwide criticism of Israel and the establishment of a multinational peacekeeping force in Beirut.

70. Lebanon Lebanese Confessional Societies The Maronite political movement viewed lebanon s culture as distinctively Lebanesein its origins and values. Regardless of sectarian affiliation, http://www.country-studies.com/lebanon/lebanese-confessional-societies.html

Lebanese Confessional Societies The Lebanese confessional societies reflect the tensions at the heart of Lebanese society. While Muslims and Christians have lived together in Lebanon for over a century, their deep disagreements over the Lebanese political formula and state make it unrealistic to treat all Lebanese as members of one social unit. The controversy over the identity of Lebanon extended beyond the political realm to encompass questions of culture and literature as these were presented in school textbooks. Muslims in general, as well as the Greek Orthodox, insisted that Arab and Islamic culture and literature should be emphasized, whereas Uniate Christians refused to commit Lebanese education to what they considered an inferior culture. The Maronite political movement viewed Lebanon's culture as distinctively Lebanese in its origins and values. Regardless of sectarian affiliation, Lebanon has no civil code for personal matters. Lebanese citizens therefore live and die according to sectarian stipulations. Each sect has its own set of personal status laws that encompass such matters as engagement, marriage, dowry, annulment of marriage, divorce, adoption, and inheritance. These laws are binding on the individual, whether one is a practicing member of the sect or not. The confessional system of personal-status laws strengthens the role of communal religious leaders and impedes the evolution of Lebanese nationalist or universalist secular ideas.

71. Lebanon-Art & Culture lebanon and the Levant (from Al Mashriq-Levant Cultural Multimedia Servers) Churches of lebanon - Catholic social and cultural life in lebanon and http://www.arabinfoseek.com/lebanon-art_&_culture.htm

Search General Info Art Culture Arab Diaspora ... Lebanon 2000 Official Website of the Lebanese Millennium Celebration Reconstruction of Beirut (Levant Cultural Multimedia Servers) Lebanon and the Levant (from Al- Mashriq-Levant Cultural Multimedia Servers) Makassed Foundation National Council for Scientific Research ... Filmworks - also specializes in short films, documentaries, commercials, and post-production. British Council in Lebanon - information on activities and services of Britain's principal agent for international cultural relations Beirut 1999 - entertainment guide to the cultural landmark for the Arab world. Le Senat - nightclub with restaurant and piano bar. Les Chansonniers - the first political comedy troupe in the Middle East, produced and directed by Wassim Tabbarah. Kharma, Marina - subjects include people, flowers, and landscapes. 104.4 FM - Mix - includes music, history, news, and more. Kelekian, Lena and Hilda - Sacred Art Studio - Sacred Art Studio: Christian and Islamic themes painted on goatskin parchment by Hilda, and Byzantine-style icons and murals by Lena. Matar, Joseph

72. ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations And Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Lebanon Keywords, organizations; lebanon; Middle East; North Africa; art; culture; photography 4. Imam Sadr Foundation = Mu?assasat alimam al-S?adr lebanon http://ssgdoc.bibliothek.uni-halle.de/vlib/ssgfi/subject/almisbah_ssg0302020404_

ALMISBAH: Regions, Nations and Peoples: Particular Regions: Arabic East: Lebanon: Cultural History (WWW) 1. Construction @ Lebanon.com Source Type Topical Websites URL http://www.lebanon.com/construction/beirut/ Keywords Lebanon; Beirut; construction; projects DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 2. Fondation Arabe pour l'Image = Arab Image Foundation Source Type Organizations and Societies URL http://www.fai.org.lb/ Keywords organizations; Lebanon; Middle East; North Africa; art; culture; photography DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 3. Images from the past [Historical photographs and illustrations from Lebanon and the Levant] Source Type Collections of Pictures / Photos URL http://almashriq.hiof.no/general/700.arts/770/779/historical/images_past.html Keywords Lebanon; history; photographs; Syria; Palestine; Egypt; monuments; photography DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links Source Type Organizations and Societies URL http://www.sadr-foundation.org.lb/ Keywords DETAILS Contents Clarity Index Links 5. Institute for Women's Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) Source Type Organizations and Societies URL http://www.lau.edu.lb/centers-institutes/iwsaw/

73. STA Travel And ISIC Travelmax - Destinations: Lebanon Getting Around culture Images Map. What s On in lebanon All Themes lebanon was the biblical land of milk and honey , and conquerors have http://travelmax.statravel.co.uk/sisp/?fx=destination&loc_id=131068§ion=cult

74. Window To Romania - Romanians In Lebanon Site of the Romanian Diaspora in lebanon with link directory,weather, daily news polls. culture Art (137), Romanian Music (58) http://www.windowtoromania.org/

23-Sep-2005 Beirut / Bucharest Time: 12:25 WTR Poll Where do you intend to spend your summer holiday? Romania, there is no place like home Abroad, services are better even if more expensive Don't know View Results Weather Bucharest Weather Beirut Weather Phone Directory People Business Alba Arad Arges Bacau Bihor Bistrita-Nasaud Botosani Brasov Braila Bucuresti Buzau Caras-Severin Calarasi Cluj Constanta Covasna Dambovita Dolj Galati Giurgiu Gorj Harghita Hunedoara Ialomita Iasi Ilfov Maramures Mehedinti Mures Neamt Olt Prahova Satu-Mare Salaj Sibiu Suceava Teleorman Timis Tulcea Vaslui Valcea Vrancea more... On-line Translator Albanian Arabic Bulgarian Czech Dutch Estonian French German Greek Hungarian Italian Korean Latvian Farsi Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbo-Croatian Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Yiddish Direction: Into English From English © Ectaco, Inc. Electronic Dictionary more... Awards :: :: :: Romani in Liban situl vostru cu informatii despre Romania si Liban :: :: :: Latest News A dog loves you just the way you are Father and son scoop $93 million lottery jackpot Dog shoots his master in a fight Donkey meat in urine becomes a new delicatessen ... Lebanese News Others Need Our Help !

75. Qantara.de - The Lebanese Association For Democratic Elections - Reforming Leban Reforming lebanon s Political culture. When the Lebanese Association for DemocraticElections was founded in 1996, it planned to curb the widespread http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-593/_nr-17/_p-1/i.html

About Us Masthead Contact Sitemap ... Letters The Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections Reforming Lebanon's Political Culture When the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections was founded in 1996, it planned to curb the widespread corruption of elections. In this year's election, the NGO is cautiously supported by the government. Bernhard Hillenkamp reports "Take it to the streets" - NGOs like LADE are working to make political processes transparent for the public Three million Lebanese are being called upon to vote in the parliamentary elections, taking place on four consecutive Sundays in May and June. A profusion of posters showing the heads of the mostly male candidates for the 128 seats in parliament decorate the streets. The text usually consists only of the candidate’s name, in some cases including the election list on which he can be found, and more rarely a religious affiliation. One almost never sees a party name or emblem. In the small shop run by Mohammed S. in Zokak al-Blat in West Beirut, election fever is heating up. Mohammed announces: "I told Hariri's men that if they want me to – and are willing to pay for it – I can bring all of my children over from Germany to vote for him." Buying votes and manipulating poll results is nothing new in Lebanese elections. Counteracting corruptness of the political system A group of academics, students and citizens' rights advocates got together in 1996 to take steps to counteract this situation, and established the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections (LADE). "We wanted to learn from the experiences of the Eastern Europeans," says Karam Karam, at that time a founding member and today a project manager for the LADE election monitors.

76. Bits Of Culture - Lebanon BITS OF culture lebanon. Languages. Map. Cultural Values. Main Religion DeathConcepts/Rituals. Health Care Values. Diet. Interesting Facts. Languages http://www.massgeneral.org/interpreters/b_leb.asp

BITS OF CULTURE - Lebanon Languages Map Cultural Values Health Care Values ... Interesting Facts Languages Official language: Arabic Other languages: Armenian English French Map Cultural Values Health Care Values Diet Interesting Facts

77. Lebanon Yellow Page, Page Jaune, Liban, Lebanon Telephone Directory, Lebanon Tel lebanon Yellow Page, Page Jaune, liban, lebanon telephone directory, lebanontelephone FONDATION ARABE POUR LA culture ET LES ARTS THE BRITISH COUNCIL http://www.lebanonlinks.com/yellow_go.asp?id=24

78. Lebanon Mobile, Cellular Phones, Ogero, Cellular Companies, Cellis, FTML, Libanc Use your mobile phone to access lebanon Links services. Search for websites.You are here World Wap Directory Society culture http://www.lebanonlinks.com/m_go.asp?theroot=cult

79. Lebanon - Al Jumhuriyah Al Lubnaniyah Official web sites of lebanon, the capital of lebanon, art, culture, history,cities, airlines, embassies, tourist boards and newspapers. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/lebanon.htm

advertise with NOP Home Continents Asia Lebanon Related Categories: League of Arab States One World - Nations Online the countries of the world keywords: Lebanon information, Lebanon newspapers, tourist information for Lebanon, Lebanon map Lebanon ( Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah ) Country Code: lb Flag of Lebanon Background: Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and regaining its national sovereignty since 1991 and the end of the devastating 16-year civil war. Under the Ta'if Accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process while institutionalizing sectarian divisions in the government. Since the end of the war, the Lebanese have conducted several successful elections, most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) have extended central government authority over about two-thirds of the country. Hizballah, the radical Shi'a party, retains its weapons. Syria maintains about 25,000 troops in Lebanon based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's troop deployment was legitimized by the Arab League during Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if Accord.

80. Www.news2mail.com: Soc.Culture.Lebanon -- Discussion About Things Lebanese. Subscribe the Messages from the Usenetgroup Soc.culture.lebanon and get them inyour local mailbox. http://www.news2mail.com/soc/culture/lebanon.html

Soc.Culture.Lebanon Home Soc Soc.Culture Discussion about things Lebanese. Subjects, that are frequently discussed here: Maronite league is on the wrong side (24) War archive (22) candy store in beirut (20) Lebanon's Christians must manage their decline (19) Terror-Linked Cleric Flees Britain to Lebanon to Evade Treason Charge (13) killing us softly with their stupidity (11) Aoun Says 4 National Figures Marked for Assassination. (10) Defense Minister Elias Murr Survives Assassination Attempt (Naharnet) (10) Scandal' about Concealed Arms Arsenal (10) The Gibran Museum - Alert and call to action (10) Related Groups: Messages, that appear in this Group also appear in soc.culture.palestine (204) soc.culture.syria (198) soc.culture.arabic (183) soc.culture.iraq (120) To get all news from this group to your mailbox, choose a format, type in your e-mail adress and press subscribe. To stop receiving the messages use the unsubscribe-button single messages. Expect about 23 Messages per day. one message per day with all news as html-file one message per day with all news as zipped-html-file e-mail address: This group is available on the following free newsservers: dp-news.maxwell.syr.edu

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