41. MBA About Our Legal System If you have been the victim of a crime, you have certain legal rights. The law defines a victim as any person who suffers direct or threatened physical, http://www.massbar.org/lawhelp/legal_info/index.php?sw=3126&full_id=183

42. Restitution Law Further, a defendant may not be required to pay restitution to victims of seek independent counsel for advice regarding their individual legal issues. http://www.911law.com/restitution_law.htm

Law Firm of Richard L. Duquette The Law Firm of Richard Duquette P.O. Box 2446 Carlsbad, CA 92018-2446 Criminal Restitution Law For an overview of restitution guidelines see California Penal Code Section 1202.4 which outlines the restitution and economic losses that a victim can recover from a defendant convicted of a crime. Consult with an Attorney. Furthermore, all persons who suffer loss as a result of criminal activity had a right to restitution from those convicted of the crime, California Constitution, Article I, Section 28B, and California Penal Code Section 1202.4(a)(1). A victim that incurs a loss that is caused by the defendants' conduct is entitled to restitution. See People v. Carbajal , (1995) 10 C 4th 1114, 1122 (Hit and Run). The statutory language limits recovery to a direct victim. People v. Torres , (1997) 59 CA 4th 1 and People v. Barkett (1999) 21 C 4th 226. No recovery to an insurance company, but case law is changing, so research it! Further, a defendant may not be required to pay restitution to victims of claims that were not charged. See

43. Briefing Paper On Legal Issues And Witness Protection In Criminal Cases - Tables BRIEFING PAPER ON legal issues AND WITNESS PROTECTION IN CRIMINAL CASES R (85) 11 on the Position of the victim in the Framework of Criminal law and http://www.scotland.gov.uk/cru/kd01/green/briefing-15.htm

BRIEFING PAPER ON LEGAL ISSUES AND WITNESS PROTECTION IN CRIMINAL CASES TABLE OF STATUTES Domestic Statutes Crime and Punishment (Scotland) Act 1997 Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 (as amended) Criminal Procedure and Investigation Act 1996 Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1990 European Statutes Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights) 1950 Recommendation No. R (85) 11 on the Position of the Victim in the Framework of Criminal Law and Procedure Recommendation No. R (87) 21 on Assistance to Victims and the Prevention of Victimisation Recommendation No. R (97) 13 on Intimidation of Witnesses and Rights of the Defence (Council of Europe) Resolution on the Protection of Witnesses in the Fight Against International Organised Crime 95/C 327/04 EU 23 Nov. 1995 International Statutes Creation of an effective United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme G.A. Resolution 46/152 UN G.A. O.R. 46th Session, Supp. No. 49 UN Document A/46/49 1992 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights G.A. Resolution 2200 A (XXI) 1966

44. State Attorney's Office - Victim's Rights (Incarcerated victims have the right to be informed and to submit written Certain motions concerning legal issues may be heard at the status conference. http://www.sao17.state.fl.us/victims.htm

Victim's Rights CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA ARTICLE 1, SECTION 16(b) "Victims of crime or their lawful representatives, including the next of kin of homicide victims, are entitled to the right to be informed, to be present, and to be heard when relevant, at all crucial stages of criminal proceedings, to the extent that these rights do not interfere with the constitutional rights of the accused." If you are the victim of a crime you have the RIGHT to: Be treated with dignity and compassion. Be protected from intimidation and harm. Be informed about the availability of Crime Victim Compensation and other victim services. Be informed about the criminal justice process. (Incarcerated victims have the right to be informed and to submit written statements at all crucial stages of criminal proceedings and parole proceedings.) Submit a Victim Impact Statement (if you so desire). Have your property returned as quickly as possible.

45. Alliance: Factsheets: Restitution Legislation While victims have always had a common law right to restitution for legal issues. In American Parole and Probation Association and the Council of http://www.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_77.html

SA Awareness Month Pause Spas for Survivors Announcements ... Site Map Search Phrase Home NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics Restitution Legislation This information was created by the National Center for Victims of Crime. It is included for informational purposes only, and has not been reviewed by The Alliance. Overview Statutory Rights to Restitution Victim Eligibility Stages in Proceedings Where Restitution May Be Ordered ... For Additional Information Overview The practice of requiring an individual who has harmed another to repay the victim for the harm caused has been at the heart of jurisprudence in the civilized world. In fact, throughout most of history, the concept of repayment or restitution was inseparable from principles of crime and punishment. But as the power of the state grew, and as the interest of monarchs to intervene in an effort to quell violent settlement of disputes also grew crimes against individuals became "crimes against the state." Statutory Rights to Restitution While victims have always had a common law right to restitution for criminal harm inflicted, virtually all states have, at this point, adopted laws that codify those rights in some form. A vast majority of states allow courts to make payment of restitution a condition of probation and/or parole. Most importantly for victims, at least 23 states have passed laws requiring that restitution be ordered in all cases or that the court state on the record its reason for failing to do so (Beatty, 1991). In almost half of the 29 states that have passed a constitutional amendment for victims' rights, language which mandates restitution is included in the amendment. As part of their broad-ranging authority over the issue of sentencing, courts have had a great deal of discretion concerning matters of restitution, despite statutory mandates and guidelines.

46. The National Center For Victims Of Crime - Library/Document Viewer Thirtytwo states have constitutional rights for crime victims. Eighteen states victim rights legal disclaimer. Terms of Service. Accessibility issues. http://www.ncvc.org/ncvc/main.aspx?dbName=DocumentViewer&DocumentID=38725

47. Criminal Justice This course introduces fundamental law enforcement operations. of major legal issues encompassing incarceration, probation, parole, restitution, pardon, http://technet.gtcc.cc.nc.us/academic/classes/cjc.htm

Criminal Justice (CJC) CJC 100 Basic Law Enforcement Training 8 30 18 This course covers the basic skills and knowledge needed for entry-level employment as a law enforcement officer in North Carolina. Topics are divided into general units of study: legal, patrol duties, law enforcement communications, investigations, practical application and sheriff-specific. Upon successful completion, the student will be able to demonstrate competence in the topics and areas required for the state comprehensive certification examination. This is a certificate-level course. CJC 111 Introduction to Criminal Justice 3 3 This course introduces the components and processes of the criminal justice system. Topics include history, structure, functions, and philosophy of the criminal justice system and their relationship to life in our society. Upon completion, students should be able to define and describe the major system components and their interrelationships and evaluate career options. This course has been approved to satisfy the Comprehensive Articulation Agreement for transferability as a premajor and/or elective course requirement. CJC 112 Criminology 3 3 This course introduces deviant behavior as it relates to criminal activity. Topics include theories of crime causation; statistical analysis of criminal behavior; past, present, and future social control initiatives; and other related topics. Upon completion, students should be able to explain and discuss various theories of crime causation and societal response.

48. Program In Holocaust And Human Rights Studies work with international criminal law tribunals on cuttingedge legal issues, It will examine issues relating to the assault on human rights in the http://www.cardozo.yu.edu/academic_prog/phhrs/clinics_courses/

49. Benjamin N. Cardozo School Of Law Students research and prepare memoranda on legal issues, participate in conferences, approaches to pillage and restitution, relevant international law, http://www.cardozo.yu.edu/academic_prog/clinical_prog.asp

50. Description General Settlement Fund - History Restitution I. Legislation relating directly to restitution issues Annulment Act, Federal law of 15 May 1946 concerning the annulment of legal transactions and http://www.nationalfonds.org/aef/english/aufgRueckstellung.htm

History AUSTRIAN RESTITUTION LEGISLATION (Historical Commission of the Republic of Austria, October 2000) I. Legislation relating directly to restitution issues II. Measures taken under the State Treaty III. Compensation going beyond restitution I. Legislation relating directly to restitution issues Law on the appointment of public administrators and public supervisors of 10 May 1945; State Law Gazette/StGBl 1945/9 (last amended in Federal Law Gazette 1967/11). Law on the registration of Aryanised and other assets seized in connection with the assumption of power by the National Socialists, 10 May 1945; State Law Gazette/StGBl 1945/10 (as amended by the 4th Seized Property Registration Amendment). Repatriation Act: Law on the repatriation of public property of 10 May 1945, State Law Gazette 1945/11. Annulment Act, Federal Law of 15 May 1946 concerning the annulment of legal transactions and other legal acts during the German occupation of Austria; Federal Law Gazette 1946/106. First Restitution Act: Federal Law of 26 July 1946 concerning the restitution of seized property at present administered by the Federal Government or the Provincial Governments; Federal Law Gazette 1946/156.

51. 2002 National Victim Assistance Academy victim issues transcend many borders, cultures, and legal systems. capacity have violated national criminal laws, the victims should receive restitution http://www.nvaa.org/assist/chapter22_7.html

Chapter 22 Special Topics Section 7, International Issues in Victim Assistance Abstract Victim issues transcend many borders, cultures, and legal systems. Not only is the United States visited by millions of foreign nationals each year, but citizens of the United States travel and live all over the world. Crime does not limit itself to the borders of a particular country. This chapter addresses a number of international crime victim issues that have become increasingly important as our societies have become more global and mobile. Issues such as tourist victimization, crime victim compensation, international terrorism, and commercial exploitation of women and children are just a few of the complex issues in international victim assistance. This chapter also discusses some of the efforts that are being undertaken by the United Nations and other organizations at the international level to address these issues. Learning Objectives Upon completion of this section, students will understand the following concepts: The background and history of the victims' movement at the international level.

52. DUIFLA.com Legal Terms Dictionary! The court sets the amount of restitution, the order in which victims will be paid Centralaw specializes in legal issues Including Computer law issues http://www.duifla.com/legal_terms.html

For research purposes, DUI_FLA.com has built a directory for criminal and DUI information. Abstract of judgment Accessory Acquittal Action ... Witness Abstract of Judgment A certification from the U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well. Accessory One who incites, aids, or abets a lawbreaker in the commission of a crime but is not present at the time of the crime. Also called accessory before the fact. One who aids a criminal after the commission of a crime, but was not present at the time of the crime. Also called accessory after the fact. Acquittal A legal finding that the criminal defendant has not been proven guilty of the charge beyond a reasonable doubt. Action The case, cause, or controversy before the court. Affidavit A written statement of facts made under oath before a notary or court officer. Affirmed A legal finding by a higher court that the ruling or order of a lower court is valid and left to stand.

53. Legal Law - FREE Attorney Lawyer Legal Advice:Criminal Damages In Small Claims C legal Services get attorney advice, search, law firm, If you are the victim of a crime, the rights that are violated are said to be......Site http://www.wwind.com/smallclaims/3.htm

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54. Crime Victim FAQs --- Michigan PACC victim rights and Resources is not a free legal clinic for legal information. A public Prosecutor cannot give legal advice on private legal issues. http://www.michiganprosecutor.org/VictFAQs.htm

Updated: April 4, 2003 Michigan Prosecuting Attorneys Coordinating Council Credits Webmaster CRIME CAN BE A FRIGHTENING EXPERIENCE. You often feel violated by the intrusion into your life and are left with feelings of anger and pain. While the criminal justice system is designed to protect, support and serve our communities, most citizens do not learn about it until after they become victims of crime - the worst possible time to try to understand the complex roles and responsibilities of each of the "players" in the system. However, no criminal can be successfully prosecuted without the valuable assistance of victims and witnesses. This page will answer many of the most common questions asked by crime victims. Other pages summarize how a criminal case proceeds through court, and explain legal terms commonly used in criminal cases. What typically happens during a criminal prosecution in Michigan? What are the steps? Please see our Steps in a Criminal Prosecution web page for a summary. I feel that a crime has been committed. How do I press charges? Can I report a crime directly to the Prosecutor's office?

55. Connecticut Victims of juvenile crime in Connecticut have statutory rights, juvenile law and legal issues; intake, assessment, and referral; supervision; http://www.ncjj.org/stateprofiles/profiles/CT04.asp?state=CT04.asp&topic=Profile

56. Social Behavior And Personality: Likelihood Of Victim Restitution In Mock Cases: The only predicted factor for victim restitution, an extralegal factor associated with the The victims rights movement revived victim restitution. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3852/is_200001/ai_n8880752

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Social Behavior and Personality Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for AAACN Viewpoint ABNF Journal, The AIDS Treatment News AMAA Journal ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports likelihood of victim restitution in mock cases: Are the 'rules of the game' different from prison and probation?, The Social Behavior and Personality by Tsoudis, Olga Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Criminal justice studies have examined the significance of factors on punishment likelihoods for offenders. However, these studies typically emphasize imprisonment and probation. With the growing concern for victims' rights, the criminal justice system has included the option of victim restitution. Researchers, however, have not examined the significance of factors for the likelihood of victim restitution. This present study explores differences in punishment likelihoods through social psychology - more specifically, affect control theory. Participants, after reading a pre-sentence report, answer questions regarding the offender, the victim and the crime. Results demonstrate a difference in factors depending on the type of punishment, thus raising issues concerning the distinction between victim restitution and other punishments. The significance of social psychology and affect control theory is emphasized.

57. LawMoose Minnesota - Criminal Law Crime victim Laws in Minnesota An Overview (Minnesota House of Representatives All rights Reserved. LawMoose®, Home of the Minnesota legal Web, http://www.lawmoose.com/index.cfm?Action=Library.&Topic=MN100203

58. United States Court And Corrections-based Services Information on victim rights, compensation, related social services and links to support groups and court accompaniment, victim rights and legal issues, http://www.vaonline.org/vw_us.html

Victim/Witness Court and Corrections-based Programs United States United States Victim/Witness Services National Resources Crime Victim Compensation National Program Directory : This interactive map/directory allows you to locate state programs and information on how to file for crime victim compensation throughout the United States. Criminal Crisis Response Initiative : The Criminal Crisis Response Initiative project (CCRI) is a community-based, multi-disciplinary, inter-agency, assessment and planning process. This facilitated process assists communities in the design, development and implementation of a long-range plan for the establishment of a formal collaborative of their victims service providers. the intent of this collaborative is to coordinate the delivery of resources and services to victims of an act of criminal mass victimization (CMV) such as the Oklahoma City bombing and Littleton, CO high school shootings. Department of Defense Victim and Witness Assistance Council : An overview of the DoD's V/W programs, including policy, resources, a listing of program coordinators, an FAQ and links to national and international organizations. FBI Office for Victim Assistance : The mission of the Office for Victim Assistance (OVA) is to ensure that victims of crimes investigated by the FBI are afforded the opportunity to receive the services and notification as required by federal law and the Attorney General Guidelines on Victim and Witness Assistance (2000). The FBI recognizes not only the necessity of providing for the legal rights of victims but the benefits that effective and timely victim assistance brings to investigations.

59. Criminal Justice and the issue of compensation and/or restitution for victims of crime. legal issues in law Enforcement. (3) law applicable to the functions of http://www.uncc.edu/gradmiss/2004GradCatalog/CriminalJustice-04-05Catalog.htm

Criminal Justice Department of Criminal Justice 226 Garinger Building Degree M.S. Coordinator Dr. Charisse T.M. Coston Graduate Faculty Bruce Arrigo, Professor Beth Bjerregaard, Associate Professor Anita Blowers, Associate Professor Charisse Coston, Associate Professor Charles Dean, Professor Emeritus M. Lyn Exum, Assistant Professor Paul Friday, Professor Jennifer Hartman, Assistant Professor David Hirschel, Professor Emeritus Joseph B. Kuhns, III, Assistant Professor Vivian Lord, Associate Professor Michael G. Turner, Assistant Professor MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Additional Admission Requirements Admission to the Criminal Justice graduate program is open to students with bachelor's degrees in any discipline who meet the general requirements for admission to the Graduate School, provided they meet the following requirements. Applicants must have a grade point average of at least 2.75, a satisfactory score on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Miller Analogies Test (MAT) and strong recommendation letters. Degree Requirements A minimum of 36 semester hours is required. Eighteen of these 36 hours must be in courses open only to graduate students (6000 level and above). All students must complete each of the following five core courses with a grade of

60. Criminal Civil Rights Violations FAQ - From Lawyers.com What help can I receive if I’ma victim whose civil rights have been violated? Color of law is a legal term used in official misconduct cases. http://www.lawyers.com/lawyers/A~1001842~LDS/FAQ CIVIL RIGHTS CRIMINAL.html

Browse By Topic Criminal Civil Rights Violations FAQ Print this page What is the difference between a civil and a criminal civil rights violation How is a criminal civil rights violation handled If there is no violence or threat of violence, whom should I contact What do I do when my civil rights have been violated ? Can I make a complaint on behalf of someone else? Is there a cost involved  in making a complaint? What help can I receive if I’m a victim  whose civil rights have been violated? Can a victim receive monetary compensation  as the result of a criminal case? Will the federal government represent me in a lawsuit  against the defendant? Do all federal criminal civil rights violations require racial, religious, or ethnic hatred? If not, what does "color of law" mean Q: What’s the difference between a civil and a criminal civil rights violation? A: A criminal violation requires the use or threat of force. Other distinctions between criminal and civil cases brought by the Government are: CRIMINAL CIVIL Who is charged: Accused person Usually an organization Standard of proof: Beyond a reasonable doubt Preponderance of evidence Fact finder: Jury Judge Victim: Identified individuals Individuals and/or representatives of a group or class Remedy sought: Prison, fine, restitution, community service

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