21. KELN.org--Crimes Against The Elderly, Aging, Elder Law Research, Legal, Financia Website dedicated to issues involving elder law, aging, elder law research, legal, financial, victim s rights, 42 USCS § 10606 (law. Coop. 1997). http://www.neln.org/bibs/hiebert.html

D KELN. org Bibliography Crimes Against the Elderly Stephanie Hiebert J.D. Kansas, May 2003 December 2001 Related KELN.org Resources KELN.org Index Page: Consumers' Guide KELN.org Index Page: Health and Safety Hotlines KELN.org Bibliography: Consumer Fraud Against the Elderly (Lisa McKenzie, 05/98) KELN.org Bibliography: Adult Protective Services (Frederick R. Barnes, 05/97) Index Violent Crime Against the Elderly Elder Abuse and Protection from Crime Fraud Against the Elderly General Information on Elderly Issues Introduction Crimes against the elderly are increasing at an alarming rate. When most people think of crime statistics they think of violent crimes such as murder, rape and assault. Often other, non-violent crimes are ignored. It is these non-violent crimes that most often affect the elderly. Elderly people are the victims of theft, elder abuse, and various property crimes everyday. This bibliography compiles sources dealing with all types of crime that the elderly experience, not just violent crime. This bibliography includes journal articles and periodicals, websites, and various relevant statutes to elderly issues and crime. The purpose of this bibliography is to provide information to elderly people, caregivers and loved ones trying to select a caregiver for their elderly person in need. These sources give information of the rate and incidence of crimes against the elderly, as well as information on prevention and reporting abuse and compensation for victims of abuse.

22. Law, Legislation And Government legal Research on International law issues Using the Internet An amazingly and links to Canadian issues and law, victim s rights and support groups, http://www.vaonline.org/legal.html

Home Search Networks Contact ... Site Index - Text Version Law / Legislation / Government International Resources Canada United Kingdom United States ... Related Documents International Resources Comparative Criminal Justice Resources : A deceptively small looking index page leads to hundreds of links dealing with criminal justice, law and government around the world. Cyberlaw Encyclopedia : A vast resource of information on law, technology and the Internet. This site is based in Canada and some information may not be applicable in your jurisdiction; always consult with a local professional in the applicable field. International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy : The Centre is an independent, non-profit institute, officially affiliated with the United Nations. They are dedicated to making a substantial contribution to national and international efforts to reduce crime and improve justice. This site contains publications, occasional papers and reports, an events/conference listing and on-line forum facility, plus links to affiliated organizations. Internet Legal Resource Guide : Listing over 4000 sites in 238 nations and with more than 850 stored page and downloadable files, this is a very comprehensive source of information on law around the world, though mainly focusing on the USA.

23. April 2004 Civil issues for sexualassault survivors are a complex range of legal matters. To purchase a full copy of the victim rights law Center s manual, http://www.wsba.org/media/publications/barnews/2004/apr-04-carroll.htm

WSBA Info For Lawyers For the Public For the Media ... Bar News April 2004 Addressing the Civil Legal Needs of Sexual-Assault Victims Legal resources to stabilize the physical, emotional, and financial welfare of the victim by Catherine A. Carroll When most people think about rape and the law, they think of criminal justice. Yet few people understand the powerful effect sexual assault can have on a victim's entire social and economic life. One incident of sexual assault can destabilize a victim's housing, schooling, privacy, employment, immigration status, and basic long-term financial welfare. To address the civil legal needs of victims and to prevent long-term socio-economic harm, our nation needs to change how it responds legally to allegations of rape. Instead of focusing our legal resources exclusively on the issue of criminal sanctions against the assailant, we need to concentrate our legal resources on stabilizing the physical, emotional, and financial welfare of the victim. We need to keep victims in school, keep them employed, and protect their privacy. Yet, on a practical level, to accomplish this paradigm shift we must establish that sexual-assault victims are entitled to restorative civil remedies regardless of the status of criminal sanctions against the assailant. Today, many of the civil remedies that sexual-assault victims need depend either technically or discretionarily upon criminal-justice outcomes. On a technical level in Washington, for example, a victim cannot access state victim-compensation programs unless she1 cooperates with law enforcement. On a discretionary level, most third-party institutions and decisionmakers, such as housing authorities, schools, and employers, are extraordinarily wary of imposing significant restrictions on an assailant unless criminal charges exist. Landlords, employers, and educators send the message, "I do not want to decide a rape case. That should be handled by the criminal courts."

24. The Legal Basis Of The Claim For Slavery Reparations - Human Here the international law concept of restitution could be applied, in England and as an attorney in Jamaica and specializes in human rights issues. http://www.abanet.org/irr/hr/spring00humanrights/gifford.html

You currently do not have JavaScript enabled in your web browser. The ABA website relies on JavaScript for display purposes. To fully experience the ABA site, please enable javascript. Human Rights The Legal Basis of the Claim for Slavery Reparations By Anthony Gifford "Reparation," according to the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, means "the action of making amends for a wrong done; amends; compensation." In international law, it means that when a country has committed an international crime such as the invasion of another country or the genocide of a people, it must make amends to the victims, including the descendants of the original victims who still suffer from the consequences of the crime. The slavery system in the Americas was one of the most abominable international crimes in history. No amends have ever been made, nor even an apology offered. Only the slave owners received compensation, for the loss of their property. A movement has begun in Africa, Britain, and the United States for reparations to be paid to Africans for the crimes of the slavery system. I believe that the claim is well founded in international law. It is a vast concept, raising difficult issues such as: Who should claim? Against whom? For what amount? In what court? Some find these questions so daunting that they conclude that the idea of reparations is fanciful. But with imagination and legal creativity, the reparations claim can be formulated, recognized, and eventually vindicated. This article attempts to conceptualize the legal framework for the claim, by reference to seven propositions.

25. Selected Subject Headings AIDS/Human rights · AIDS/legal issues · Air law · Air Piracy · Air Regulations victimOffender Reconciliation · victims of Crime · victims rights http://www.sources.com/Categories/HUM.htm

Selected Subject Headings from the Sources Database: Legal, Law, Law Enforcement, Human Rights Category The following list contains headings from the Sources Subject Index related to Legal, Law, Law Enforcement, Human Rights. If you can not print from your browser a text version is available here . For additional assistance please call Sources at (416) 964-7799. Raising Your Profile Sources home page

26. Criminology - Courses legal rights of women constitutional law, employment legislation, family law, restitution, compensation, culpability, victim services, victim rights, http://www.csufresno.edu/catoffice/archives/oldcourses/8990/crimcrs.html

You are in the official 1989-90 General Catalog for California State University, Fresno. COURSES Criminology (Crim) Criminology (Crim) Graduate Courses Criminology (Crim) In-Service Courses Criminology (Crim) 1. Crime in America (3) Not open to students majoring in criminology who have more than 60 units. Social justice and criminal law; state vs. accused; crime and criminals; police function; prosecution; correctional process; prevention. 2. Administration of Justice (3) Purpose, function, and history of agencies dealing with administration of justice; survey of criminal procedures; organization of law enforcement agencies at federal, state, and local levels; organization and functions of courts; probation, parole, and pardons; penology and prison administration; purpose and function of victim services. (CAN AJ 2) 4. Police Operations (3) Open only to criminology majors. Basic theories, objectives, and activities of police patrol and field operations. 20. Criminal Law (3) Introduction to the case method of studying criminal law, theory, concept, and philosophy of substantive law and criminal offenses; analysis of court decisions and opinions through case method. (CAN AJ 4) 21. Criminal Evidence (3)

27. Victims Of Crime Resource Center - McGeorge School Of Law Center staff research legal issues related to victims, 2001 2005 McGeorge School of law, Victims of Crime Resource Center. All rights Reserved. http://www.1800victims.org/

Last Updated: 4/4/05 Site Map Services Homicide Support Compensation ... Victim/Witness Assistance The Victims of Crime Resource Center, located on the McGeorge School of Law campus in Sacramento, California, has operated the State of California's toll-free 1-800-VICTIMS line since 1984. McGeorge students, under attorney supervision, provide information and referral statewide to victims, their families, victim service providers, and other interested parties. The Center publishes and distributes thousands of free informational materials yearly concerning victims' rights. Center staff research legal issues related to victims, monitor legislation, publish a newsletter, and participate in outreach activities. The Center is mandated and funded by legislation and is operated in cooperation with the Office of Criminal Justice Planning. Crime victims are often forgotten by the criminal justice system. They also frequently experience difficult financial, psychological and legal problems as a result of the crime. available to help you and your family cope with the effects of the crime.

28. Criminal Law - Victims' Rights The rights of crime victims. and the general public with legal issues, and to provide information of interest to expert witnesses and litigators, http://www.expertlaw.com/library/criminal/crime_victims.html

Your Source for Legal Information ExpertLaw ExpertLaw Library Criminal Law Victim's Rights By Aaron Larson Law Offices of Aaron Larson March, 2000 Contents What Rights Do I Have If I Am The Victim Of A Crime? What Happens When The Offender Gets Out Of Prison? What Rights Do I Have If I Am The Victim Of A Crime? Increasingly, the rights of victims are being recognized in a formal fashion. There is a strong movement to formalize victim's rights, either through statute or constitutional amendment. While the specific rights afforded to crime victims will vary from state to state, typical victim's rights laws grant victims the right to be informed of all court proceedings relating to their case, the right to be informed of any plea offers extended to the defendant, the right to make a statement to the court at the time of sentencing, the right to an order that a convicted defendant pay restitution for losses they suffered as a result of criminal activity, the right to be informed of the sentence received by the convicted defendant, and, if the defendant is sentenced to prison, the right to be informed if the defendant is released on parole. You may also be entitled to submit a statement to the parole board. Some states have victims' compensation funds, which provide some financial compensation to crime victims, and which may also provide funds for counseling.

29. Ordering Restitution To The Crime Victim, Legal Series Bulletin #6 Status of the law Right to restitution Eligibility for restitution OVC legal Series bulletins are designed to inform victim advocates and victim http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/bulletins/legalseries/bulletin6/welcom

U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office for Victims of Crime Over the past three decades, the criminal justice field has witnessed an astounding proliferation of statutory enhancements benefiting people who are most directly and intimately affected by crime. As of 2000, all states had passed some form of legislation to benefit victims. In addition, 32 states have recognized the supreme importance of fundamental and express rights for crime victims by raising those protections to the constitutional level. Ordering Restitution to the Crime Victim, the sixth in the series, provides an overview of state laws addressing the rights of victims to receive court-ordered restitution from offenders in criminal cases.This bulletin and the others in the Legal Series highlight various circumstances in which relevant laws are applied, emphasizing their successful implementation. We hope that victims, victim advocates, victim service providers, criminal justice professionals, and policymakers in states across the Nation will find the bulletins in this series helpful in making sense of the criminal justice process and in identifying areas in which rights could be strengthened or more clearly defined.We encourage you to use these bulletins not simply as informational resources but as tools to support victims in their involvement with the criminal justice system.

30. Ordering Restitution To The Crime Victim, Legal Series Bulletin #6 States may give every victim the right to restitution “as provided by law” but Oklahoma law states that “every crime victim receiving the restitution http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/publications/bulletins/legalseries/bulletin6/3.html

Current Issues Conflicting Directives Other states have similar contradictions within their statutes. The Colorado Legislature addressed this issue in 1999 when it created a task force to develop a report on restitution and specifically charged the task force with identifying conflicting provisions in the law. Other Barriers to Restitution Orders Despite progressively stronger restitution statutes, studies and anecdotal information suggest that crime victims are frequently not awarded restitution. In a 1996 study, less than half of the 1,300 crime victims surveyed reported that they were awarded restitution. Most of these reasons can be addressed in whole or in part by statute. Other states simply place the burden of requesting restitution on the prosecutor. Finally, a few states have avoided the issue of victims failing to request restitution by eliminating the need for such a request. In Arizona, for example, restitution is mandatory in every criminal case: Wisconsin, meanwhile, requires the prosecutor to request information about losses from the victim.

31. 2005 Law & Litigation Conference 2005 Crime victim law Litigation Conference. A legal SYMPHONY INSTRUMENTS C Using the Constitution to Enforce victims rights NCVLI Staff Attorney http://www.lclark.edu/org/ncvli/2005conference.html

@import "http://www.lclark.edu/trillium/global/style2.css"; School of Law National Crime Victim Law Institute NCVLI Home Crime Victim Litigation Clinic ... A-Z Site Index A LEGAL SYMPHONY: INSTRUMENTS OF LEGAL ADVOCACY June 17-June 18 Hilton Hotel, Portland Oregon click here for information on click here for 2005 Conference Brochure click here to learn more about the Conference Faculty The National Crime Victim Law Institute gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance from the Office for Victims of Crime. This conference is supported by Grant No. 2002-VF-GX-K004, awarded by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. CURRICULUM Click here for suggested course pairings This year's program offers three different curriculum emphases, which are designed to provide either a specific course of learning, or "mix-and-match" options for a broader legal overview of Crime Victims' Rights. Group A Foundational Victim Law Group B Sexual Assault Group C Advanced Victim Law Using the groups as a guideline, attendees are encouraged to design their own curricula based on individual practice, background and familiarity with victim law. Practice-specific model curricula will be available here soon.

32. Financial Compensation For Sexual Assault Victims - Victim Rights Law Center At the victim rights law Center, we can further explain these choices to victims. Financial Compensation legal Information and Remedies http://www.victimrights.org/html/1-fcomp.htm

Privacy Immigration Physical Safety Education ... Criminal Justice Legal Options for Victims Financial Compensation Concerns for Sexual Assault Victims Sexual assault can result in many expenses for the victim. If you have been raped or sexually assaulted, you may feel overwhelmed by financial worries. It would not be unusual for you to have more than $50,000 in expenses related to the assault. Financial Costs Checklist Do you have medical bills because of the assault? You may have large medical bills for emergency and follow-up care, including prescription drug costs and hospital charges. For example, average costs of necessary medical care after an assault are $4,000 and higher. If insurance does not cover all these costs, you may be able to have them covered through other means. Do you have counseling bills because of the assault? You may have large psychotherapy bills for short and long-term mental health care. For example, the average cost of counseling in the Boston area is $85 per session; a year of weekly counseling would cost $4,420 on average. Additionally, medications, such as anti-depressants, are often prescribed to survivors of sexual assault, costing an average of $50 per prescription.

33. FindLaw For Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal And State Resources, Forms, online case law, free state codes, free federal codes, free legal forms, restitution to the victim or victims for actual damages sustained is http://caselaw.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=co&vol=2000app\ct10127&invol

34. E-Newsletter By federal law, under the Mandatory Victims restitution Act of 1996, Specific legal issues, concerns and conditions always require the advice of http://www.corneliuslaw.com/CM/Custom/TOCE-Newsletter.asp

E-Newsletter White-Collar Crimes White-collar crime is a term that was first used by a sociologist in 1939 to describe criminal activity by members of the upper classes in connection with their professions. His point was that this type of crime was barely acknowledged by the criminal justice system and rarely prosecuted. Today, the most common definition of white collar crime no longer focuses on the social status of the offender but rather on the type of conduct involved: illegal acts using deceit and concealment to obtain money, property, or services, or to secure a business or professional advantage. The federal government has passed a variety of laws in the last fifty or sixty years to deal with the problem of white collar crime, using its jurisdiction under the commerce, postal and taxing powers of the federal Constitution to reach all levels of business activity. White-collar crimes follow the general principles of criminal liability in that each crime requires a bad act, a criminal intent, and causation. The defenses to white-collar crime are the same ones applicable to all crimes and include incapacity, insanity, intoxication, and duress. Of particular note for white-collar crime prosecutions is the defense of entrapment. Entrapment occurs when the government has enticed a person to commit a crime he or she otherwise would not have committed. The majority of courts look at the defense of entrapment through the eyes of the individual defendant and the focus becomes the propensity of that defendant to commit the crime in determining whether he or she has been entrapped. Other courts focus on the government's conduct from the perspective of whether it is outrageous in terms of convincing a person to commit a crime.

35. DOJ And State Dept. Issue Regulations Implementing Victims Of Trafficking Law Federal victims rights legislation includes the victim and Witness Protection The regulations state that, to the extent legal and practicable, law http://www.nilc.org/immlawpolicy/obtainlpr/oblpr063.htm

Obtaining Lawful Permanent Residence Status DOJ and State Dept. issue regulations implementing victims of trafficking law Immigrants' Rights Update, Vol. 15, No. 5, Aug. 31, 2001 On July 24, 2001, the State Dept. and Dept. of Justice (DOJ) issued interim regulations implementing section 107(c) of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA). Congress enacted the TVPA in order to combat trafficking in persons, both in the United States and internationally. The TVPA provides the federal government comprehensive tools of investigation and enforcement, and authorizes assistance and protection-including immigration relief-to individuals who cooperate with the investigation and prosecution of traffickers. The new regulations, which implement the portions of the TVPA concerning protections and services for trafficking victims, offer guidance to officials of the DOJ and State Dept. as well as other law enforcement agencies that may encounter victims. The regulations provide definitions to key TVPA terms. They also address the development of procedures to protect and provide services to trafficking victims; victim identification; detention; providing victims access to information on protection, safety, medical care, and rights; mechanisms for allowing victims to remain in the U.S.; and training for law enforcement personnel. Definitions.

36. AARDVARC.org - Restitution For Victims Of Crime Although most restitution laws apply to crime victims in general, Improving Fine restitution Collection, 11. Beatty, David. (1991). legal issues. http://www.aardvarc.org/victim/restitution.shtml

AARDVARC - An Abuse Rape and Domestic Violence Aid and Resource Collection. This section discusses the concept of restitution - court ordered payments intended to hold offenders accountable to victims and to make them whole in the eyes of the law. Home About Us Awards WebRings ... Contact Partial support for this project was provided by Office for Victims of Crime, U.S. Dept. of Justice. Points of view in this website are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Dept. of Justice. YOU can support us by visiting our sponsors An Abuse, Rape and Domestic Violence Aid and Resource Collection Abusive Relationships Sexual Violence Stalking Info Victim Assistance ... Professional Area Victim Services Menu - Victims Home - Laws for Victims - Criminal Court - Victim Rights ... - Helpful Links Restitution Info and/or Probation Offices By State - Alabama - Alaska - Arizona - Arkansas ... - Wyoming Attorney General Offices By State Office for Victims of Crime: Restitution: Making It Work Guide to Justice Sexual Abuse Litigation: A Practical Resource for Attorneys, Clinicians, and Advocates

37. Law Enforcement law enforcement agencies have traditionally addressed issues involving the general welfare of Victims rights to restitution are extremely important. http://www.acvcc.state.al.us/asads/lawenforcement.htm

III. LAW ENFORCEMENT AND COMMUNITY RESPONSE S. Law Enforcement Evolving from the earlier vestiges of sheriffs or constables, modern police forces are highly structured organizations that are accorded considerable authority, particularly the power of arrest that is provided each sworn law enforcement officer (Pacific Law Journal 1992). Law enforcement agencies have traditionally addressed issues involving the general welfare of the public at large. As noted in Ryan (1994), in 1829, Sir Robert Peel included the following in his basic tenets of policing: "To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen, in the interest of community welfare ... " As the "first responders" to most crimes, police departments serve a critical and primary role in providing immediate intervention and assistance to victims of crime. Unlike most social service agencies, police departments are typically open every day of the year, twenty-four hours a day. As such, there is tremendous responsibility on the part of law enforcement officers and civilian personnel to provide sensitive and supportive victim services. s.1. Police Departments

38. Richmond The Victim Suffered Personal Physical Injury Or Death As A Result Of Cr Definition of victim for Purposes of § 3663A. Mandatory restitution to victims of general information related to legal issues commonly encountered. http://www.personalinjurylawyer.com/regional-content.cfm/state/va/Article/16961/

FIND A LAWYER: HOME ABOUT US RESOURCE LINKS FAQ's ... CONTACT US Information Overview Personal Injury Medical Malpractice Defective Products Automobile Accident ... Amusement Ride Accidents Resource Center Personal Injury Law Frequently Asked Questions National Accident Injury Statistics ... Personal Injury Web Resources Have You Been Injured Recently? Get Immediate Assistance! Email Login Personal Injury Related Articles < Back to Virginia Personal Injury Lawyer Richmond The Victim Suffered Personal Physical Injury Or Death As A Result Of Criminal Acts According to the Act, a victim is “a person directly and proximately harmed as a result of the commission of a Federal offense or an offense in the District of Columbia.” § 3771(e). The “directly and proximately” language mirrors the language of the Mandatory Victims Restitution Act, 18 U.S.C. § 3663A(a)(2). However, it expands the definition of victim in 42 U.S.C. § 10607, “Services to Victims,” which allows such services only for those who suffered “direct physical, emotional, or pecuniary harm.” 42 U.S.C. § 10607(e)(2). Definition of Victim for Purposes of § 3663A. Mandatory restitution to victims of certain crimes

39. Victim Rights: CrimeVictimLaw.com The existence of a victim Bill of rights in Massachusetts, General Laws chapter 258B, scheduling conflicts, and complex pretrial legal issues. http://www.crimevictimlaw.com/victim/victim.html

Home About Us Civil Lawsuits and Compensation Criminal Prosecutions Victim Rights Restraining Orders Resources News and Cases Frequently Asked Questions ... Criminal Prosecutions Victim Rights Restraining Orders Resources News and Cases Frequently Asked Questions ... Contact Us Victim Rights To navigate the justice system effectively, crime victims must know their rights when dealing with police, prosecutors, criminal defense attorneys, investigators, and civil attorneys. Massachusetts has many important protections for crime victims. Victim Bill of Rights Right to Sue Victim Compensation Confidentiality ... Sex Offender Registry Victim Bill of Rights Court Proceedings Financial Loss and Physical Harm Homicide Victim's Survivors The existence of a Victim Bill of Rights in Massachusetts, General Laws chapter 258B, demonstrates the legislature’s intent to provide crime victims, witnesses, and family members of homicide victims a meaningful role in the criminal justice system, and access to services critical to their healing and recovery. Crime victims and family members of homicide victims have certain rights. The prosecutor and victim witness advocate (employed by the prosecutor’s office) are largely responsible for providing the following rights required by law:

40. CMD: JUSTICE AND LEGAL RIGHTS JUSTICE AND legal rights. Addressing issues of law reform, civil rights, and the criminal We meet with victims and offenders to facilitate reaching a http://www.abilitymaine.org/cmdir/justice.html

CHANGING MAINE DIRECTORY DIRECTORY INDEX ABILITY MAINE HOME ROSC HOME JUSTICE AND LEGAL RIGHTS Addressing issues of law reform, civil rights, and the criminal justice system as well as insuring legal assistance. Americans United for Separation of Church and StateSouthern Maine Chapter 100 King St. Saco, ME 04072 http://www.au.org Jennie Aranovitch Local Chapter of a national group working to protect the wall of separation between church and state. Issues include school vouchers, faith-based initiatives, and school prayer. Bill of Rights Defense CommitteeHancock County PO Box 158 Ellsworth, ME 04605 eadams@downeast.net Preserving civil liberties from the assaults of the Patriot Act and other 9-11 security measures. Other groups exist in the Bangor and Belfast areas. Building Alternatives 181 Brackett St. Portland, ME 04102 775-0105 Fax: 780-1701 Melanie Petrlik Innovative correctional education for youth held in the Maine Youth Center and those on juvenile probation. The program provides an alternative vocational education program, helps facilitate students' re-entry into society, and prepares youth for further employment. State House Station 6 Augusta, ME 04333

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