81. Nam Theun 2 - Laos : A Window To The Future - Project History Government of laos (GOL) and Private Sponsors (NTEC) sign an Agreement to develop the Asian Crisis Governments of laos and Thailand agree to delay http://www.namtheun2.com/background/backhistory.htm

PROJECT HISTORY World Bank feasibility study undertaken by Snowy Mountains Engineering Corp. Government of Laos (GOL) and Private Sponsors (NTEC) sign an Agreement to develop the Project in accordance with World Bank guidelines. First series of environmental and social Safeguards documents produced. Asian Crisis: Governments of Laos and Thailand agree to delay development of the Project. EGAT and NTEC agree on a proposed electricity tariff in May 00. Shareholders Agreement signed in September 01. NTEC and GOL create NTPC as a Lao company in September 02. Concession Agreement signed in October 02. Concession Agreement signed in October 02. Power Purchase Agreements signed with both EGAT and EDL in November 2003. 2004Completion of safeguard documents and Project financing activities.

82. Wisconsin Rapids Daily Tribune - Hmong Youths Learn Of Their History In Laos Hmong youths learn of their history in laos. By Keith Uhlig Central Wisconsin Sunday Students from Rothschild Elementary School paid rapt attention to Nao http://www.wisinfo.com/dailytribune/wrdtlocal/290258959566785.shtml

var prop1 = "Wisconsin Rapids" var prop6 = "news" var prop7 = "local_news" Wisconsin Rapids Weather Clear Search 2003 to present News Local News Business Entertainment ... Contact Us Company Links Gannett Co., Inc. USAToday.com USAWeekend.com Gannett Foundation ... Talk Back Sun, Apr 24, 2005 Hmong youths learn of their history in Laos By Keith Uhlig Central Wisconsin Sunday Students from Rothschild Elementary School paid rapt attention to Nao Vang Chang as he quickly twisted and bent a piece of wet bamboo into the likeness of a goat. They were in the middle of the Marathon County Historical Society exhibit Friday morning called "From Laos to America: Changing Worlds, Changing Lives," put together by retired educators Jim and Mary Harris of Kronenwetter. While the 69-year-old Chang fiddled with the bamboo much the way a magician would make balloon animals, he explained to the children in Hmong that back in Laos, elders would sit in their gardens with children and make bamboo animals, telling stories that helped implant the Hmong culture in the young minds. Half of the Rothschild Elementary students were refugee newcomers from Wat Tham Krabok, the rest Hmong-Americans who grew up in this country. All of the students watched closely as members of an elder Hmong group from the Wausau Area Hmong Mutual Association showed them the bamboo animals and demonstrated how to make paper and how to use a Hmong top called "tuj lub" (pronounced "too loo").

83. Laos - Developments In The Lao People's Democratic Republic No complete history of laos exists in English, but there are three very Maha Sila Viravong s Phongsavadan Lao (history of laos), although flawed and http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-7786.html

Country Listing Laos Table of Contents Laos Developments in the Lao People's Democratic Republic In spite of the regime's revolutionary rhetoric about selfreliance on the march to socialism, Western aid was simply replaced over the 1970s and 1980s by aid from "fraternal countries" of the Soviet bloc. Living standards declined further. Nongovernmental organizations, including some from the United States, in cooperation with local officials, established a few small-scale aid projects that reached out to real needs in the areas of health, education, and economic development. Kaysone and his colleagues, following the well-known examples of Soviet and East European party leaders, led carefully protected lives behind the walls of their guarded compounds in the capital, secluded from public scrutiny and shielded from any manifestation of hostility, their movements kept secret. The minister of interior, Somseun Khamphithoun, whose ministry was responsible for the operation of the seminar camps, was never seen publicly in Vientiane. Corruption, widespread in the years of the United States civilian and military aid programs, resumed with the new opportunities presented by the "economic opening" beginning in 1986. The first Supreme People's Assembly, appointed by the National Congress on December 2, 1975, rapidly faded into obscurity, although its twice-yearly meetings were reported in the controlled press. In 1988, perhaps because the regime wished to give itself some semblance of popular underpinning, it suddenly announced that elections would be held for a new Supreme People's Assembly. Elections were held on June 26, 1988, for 2,410 seats on districtlevel people's councils and on November 20, 1988, for 651 seats on province-level people's councils. On March 26, 1989, elections were held for seventy-nine seats on the Supreme People's Assembly. Candidates in all elections were screened by the party. Sixty-five of the seventy-nine members of the assembly were party members (see

84. Laos Tourist Guides - History laos Tourist Guides — history. Mekong river. The Lao people who were descendents of Thais gradually started being a part of Khmer empire, till Fa Ngoun http://sino.net/laos-tourist-guides/history.html

363 users online hotels in asia - thailand Hotels in Asia Australia hotels Thailand Hotels Vietnam Hotels Japan Hotels The Lao people who were descendents of Thais gradually started being a part of Khmer empire, till Fa Ngoun founded the potential kingdom of Lan Xang. Lan Xang tormented the Thais, the Vietnamese and the Khmers with incessant wars and conquered a lot of China, stretches of north Thailand and Myanmar. But with internal conflicts taking a larger dimension in 1707, Lan Xang broke to give birth to two other competent empires, Luang Prabang and Vientiane. Although during the World War II, Japan overtook the Laos kingdom by persuading the ruler of Luang Prabang, but in 1946, very competently, the French re established their rule over the Lao kingdom. After several nationalist movements, and establishments of self-governments and invasion of Pathet Lao guerrillas, at last Laos attained full democracy and sovereignty in the year 1953, and in 1955 Laos got admitted to the list of the United Nations. In 1975 Laos attained Republic and this resulted in the majority of the Laotians to flee to United States and Thailand. Finally peace prevailed in Laos with the exception of a few problems now and then.

85. Southeast Asian History; History Of Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Burma, Laos, history of Southeast Asia, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia, Burma, laos, Malaysia. Influence of Spanish, Indians, Araba, Persians, Portugese, Dutch, http://www.guidetothailand.com/thailand-history/vietnam.htm

Bronze Age Cultures, Khmer Temples and Cliff Drawings Home Info Culture Tour ... North Early Vietnam by Charles Kimball The origin of the Vietnamese people is uncertain. Their language closely resembles the Mon-Khmer tongues, but there are also similarities with Thai and the Malay languages. The Vietnamese themselves claim one of China's first kings as their ancestor, and in fact there was a tribe that called itself "Viet" (Yue in Chinese) on the banks of the Yangtze River (in China's Zhejiang province) in the first millennium B.C. The theory now accepted is that the Viets migrated to the south after the Chinese absorbed their homeland in 334 B.C. Some Viets settled in Fujian Province; their kingdom, called Man Viet (Min Yue in Chinese), was conquered by China in 110 B.C. The rest of the Viets continued to the Red River delta, intermarried with the peoples already living there, and formed the ethnic Vietnamese of today. The first Vietnamese state along the Red River, Van Lang ("Land of the Tattooed Men"), is probably a mythVietnamese legends claim it was founded in 2879 B.C.! At best Van Lang is a vague memory of the Dongson culture that existed in the region before the Viets arrived. The last Van Lang king was overthrown in 258 B.C. by an immigrant named An Duong Vuong (the chief of the Viets?), who renamed the state Au Loc. Au Loc was in turn conquered by a Chinese general named Zhao To in 208 B.C. But even while the Chinese took over, the masters of China, the Qin dynasty, were overthrown. Instead of submitting to a new emperor, Zhao took for himself a Viet name, Trieu Da, adopted Viet customs, and declared the area under his controlthe Red River valley plus Guangdong and Guangxi provincesan independent kingdom called Nam Viet (Nan Yue in Chinese). At this point true history replaces legends.

86. South East Asian Studies Academic Email Groups for the Study of South East Asian history, Cultures, and Societies soc.culture.laosNewsgroup for contemporary laos. http://www.seastudies.org/

Academic Email Groups for the Study of South East Asian History, Cultures, and Societies This site hosts several e-groups related to research on South East Asia. These e-groups have been divided into topical e-groups and country-specific egroups. This site is maintained by Mike Charney (SOAS). He can be contacted at: mc62@soas.ac.uk Additional information on South East Asian Studies in the UK can be found at ASEASUK Additional information on Burma studies and research can be found at Burma Research (SOAS, London) Region-wide E-groups The e-groups in this category treat different topics related to South East Asia generally. These lists have been established for academic exchange and discussion. This is understood, however, not to include contemporary South East Asia, which would be better served by other email discussion lists. CSEAH -The Colonial South East Asia E-Group is dedicated to the study of the various historical developments that took place during the colonial period, roughly the 1880s to the 1940s. This list is under major restructuring, but you may be added in the interim.

87. Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls David McDowall, A Modern history of the Kurds (1996) 40000. Mongolia (1939) Democide in laos 130000 (33% blamed on laos; 67% blamed on Vietnam) http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat5.htm

The Lesser Unpleasantries of the Twentieth Century List of Recurring Sources Alphabetical Index Support This Site These wars and mass killings cost fewer lives than the American loss in Vietnam (58,135), but more that the number of murders in America in 1995 (21,597): China , Revolutionary Era (1911-17) Republicans v Govt. (1911): 1,000 Republicans v Govt. (1913): 5,000 Pai-Lings v Govt. (1914): 5,000 TOTAL: 11,000 Eckhardt: Republicans v Govt. (1911): 1,000 civ. + 1,000 mil. = 2,000 Republicans v Govt. (1913): 5,000 civ. + 5,000 mil. = 10,000 Bandits v Govt. (1913-14): 5,000 civ. + 5,000 mil. = 10,000 Pai-Lings v Govt. (1914): 5,000 TOTAL: 27,000 Finnish Civil War Stanley G. Payne, A History of Spain and Portugal Vol. 2 ch.26, citing Paavolainen: Red victims of the White Terror: 8,400 k. outright + 11,800 d. in camps Total: 31,000 k, from all causes Library of Congress [ http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/fitoc.html Red Terror: 1,649 k. (mostly middle class) White Terror: 8,380 Reds killed + 12,000 d. in camps. India , uprisings against UK (1919-38) Amritsar Massacre (1919): Officially, 379 (Johnson, Gilbert) killed, but unofficially, it gets rounded upwards: 500 (

88. Laos@Everything2.com http//www.laoembassy.com/discover/intro/history.htm http//www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_east_asia/laos/history.htm http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Laos

89. TLC Brotherhood Bases, History And Maps Southeast Asia Thai bases, history and stories. Vietnam Veterans having served in Thailand, laos and Cambodia. http://www.tlc-brotherhood.org/bases.htm

Choose Your TLCB Destination Home Page TLCB Officers TLCB Committee Members Application to Join TLCB List Server Regulations and Status Reunions Photos Roster The Wall TLCB Assistance Program Bases Patches Web Ring The Road Why? Stories Links Awards Reading List The Brotherhood Exchange Website History Mekong Express Mail (Back Issues) Official Documents Posters The Thailand Bases Southeast Asia with the acknowledged Thai bases marked in red. The bases in Laos and Cambodia are not shown because according to "Official Policy", they did not exist. Click on the name below to go directly to that base history section! Ubon Udorn NKP U-Tapao ... Don Muang The following are from a document called: Fact Sheets and Histories of the United States Air Force at Royal Thai Air Force Bases, dated 12 August 1976, and published by the 13th Air Force Office of History. as contributed by Brother Jimmie H. Butler If You have any info or want additional bases listed please contact the TLC Webmaster (examiner@cfl.rr.com) UBON ROYAL THAI AIR FORCE BASE Map of the general area of Ubon - click on the bottom row, fourth map to see the actual base location.

90. LAOS The Secret War Wars in laos. Wars in laos are known as far back in history as there are legends. This page only takes a tiny peek at a 1960 s era Secret War in laos. http://www.angelfire.com/in/Laos/

LAOS : The Secret War "Nyob zoo" .....Welcome setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next This page is provided freely. I do NOT sell anything and I have NO control over any advertizement at the top of this page that is positioned there by "Angelfire.com" in exchange for my free WebSite space. The Royal Laos National Flag as proudly flown until 1975 LAOS : Originally known as "Lan Xang" : "Land of the Million Elephants" ASSIGNMENT : Support Secret War in Laos "There are risks and costs to a program of action, but they are far less than the long range risks and costs of comfortable inaction." John F. Kennedy LAOS : Geography Laos is sub-divided into 16 Provinces : Attapu [Attopeu], Bokeo, Bolikhamxai, Champasak, [ Champassak ], Houa Phan, Khammouan [Khammouane], Louang Namtha [Houa Khong], Louangphabang [ Luang Prabang ], Oudomxai, Phongsali [Phong Saly], Salavan [Saravan], Savannakhet, Viangchan [ Vientiane ], Xaignabouli [Sayaboury], Xekong, Xiangkhoang [Xieng Khouang]

91. BUBL LINK: Laos Country Studies laos Detailed handbook describing the history of laos and worldwide), and the culture and history of Cambodia, laos, and Vietnam. http://bubl.ac.uk/link/l/laos.htm

BUBL LINK Catalogue of Internet Resources Home Search Subject Menus Countries ... Z Laos Titles Descriptions Asia Tour: Laos CIA World Factbook 2003: Laos East and Southeast Asia: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources Ethnologue Language Database: Laos ... World Travel Guide: Laos Comments: bubl@bubl.ac.uk Asia Tour: Laos Maps, photographs, information on Laos and its people, and general tourist information on the country and its regions. Author: Diethelm Travel Subjects: asian travel and tourism, laos DeweyClass: Resource type: promotion CIA World Factbook 2003: Laos Basic reference information about Laos, including details of geography, people, economy, government, communications, transportation, military and transnational issues. Geographical information includes area, population, flag, maps, high and low points, co-ordinates, boundary length, border countries, climate, land use and natural resources. Author: CIA Subjects: laos DeweyClass: Resource type: document East and Southeast Asia: An Annotated Directory of Internet Resources Directory of political, historical, and cultural resources pertaining to the countries of East and Southeast Asia, with essays and reports on topical issues. Author: University of Redlands Department of History Subjects: asian studies, brunei, burma, cambodia, china, indonesia, japan, laos, malaysia, mongolia, north korea, philippines, singapore, taiwan, thailand, vietnam

92. Thailand, Laos, And Cambodia Studies Group Thailand laos - Cambodia - Internet Resources Thailand, laos, Cambodia Studies Group Association of Asian Studies. history http://tlc.ucr.edu/about/history.html

[Warning: Your browser has JavaScript turned off. We recommend that you enable JavaScript on your browser for full funtionality of this web site.] History Mission Note from the Chair Conferences ... Member News Thailand - Laos - Cambodia - Internet Resources About TLC Activities Announcements Discussion and Networking ... Short Study Abroad Programs Thailand, Laos, Cambodia Studies Group Association of Asian Studies History Page created by CHASS College Computing. Maintained by Webmaster

93. History (from Laos) --  Encyclopædia Britannica history (from laos) The Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in presentday laos, are a branch of the Tai-speaking peoples who by the 8th century AD; http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-214655

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Introduction The land Relief Drainage Soils Climate ... Settlement patterns The people Ethnic and linguistic characteristics Religion Demographic trends The economy ... Transportation Administration and social conditions Government Security Education Health and welfare Cultural life The arts Press and broadcasting History Lan Xang Under foreign rule The Lao People's Democratic Republic Additional Reading ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Laos Page 23 of 28 History The Lao people, the predominant ethnic group in present-day Laos, are a branch of the

94. Laos (from Education, History Of) --  Encyclopædia Britannica laos (from education, history of) The pagoda school was the main unit of the traditional educational system in laos. Efforts toward modernization came in http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-47742

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction Education in primitive and early civilized cultures Prehistoric and primitive cultures Education in the earliest civilizations The Old World civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and North China Egypt Mesopotamia North China ... The Inca Education in classical cultures Ancient India The Hindu tradition The introduction of Buddhist influences Classical India Indian influences on Asia ... Ancient China The Chou period Introduction of Buddhism Ancient Hebrews Ancient Greeks Origins Sparta Athens Education of youth ... Higher education Ancient Romans Early Roman education Roman adoption of Hellenistic education Roman modifications Education of youth ... Education in the later Roman Empire Education in Persian, Byzantine, early Russian, and Islamic civilizations Ancient Persia The Byzantine Empire Stages of education Elementary education ... Early Russian education: Kiev and Muscovy The Islamic Era Influences on Muslim education and culture Aims and purposes of Muslim education Organization of education Major periods of Muslim education and learning ... Influence of Islamic learning on the West The European Middle Ages The background of early Christian education From the beginnings to the 4th century From the 5th to the 8th century The Irish and English revivals The Carolingian renaissance and its aftermath The cultural revival under Charlemagne and his successors Influences of the Carolingian renaissance abroad Education of the laity in the 9th and 10th centuries The medieval renaissance Changes in the schools and philosophies

95. DOE - Fossil Energy: CIA World Factbook 2002 A very useful information summary about laos, (1994) Country Study Handbook on laos, including chapters on laos s history, http://www.fe.doe.gov/international/EastAsia_and_Oceania/Laos.html

HOME ABOUT US NEWS/EVENTS SEARCH Carbon Sequestration Natural Gas Regulation Electricity Regulation Petroleum Reserves ... East Asia and Oceania Laos LAOS LINKS TO BUSINESS INFORMATION SOURCES ON LAOS US-DOE Energy Information Administration - A somewhat dated (year 2000) but still useful Country Energy Balance for Laos with information on oil, coal, and electricity. CIA World Factbook 2002 - A very useful information summary about Laos, including sections on geography, people, government, economy, communications, transportation, military forces, and transnational issues. U.S. Library of Congress Hawaii Dep't of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism - A useful "Demand Assessment" for Laos, including descriptions of Laos's overall investment climate, economic sector needs, and major obstacles for doing business. There is also a listing of some useful contacts for doing business in Laos. CountryWatch.com (note: subscription required to access some of the information on this site) - A useful economic and political overview of Laos, though written from somewhat of an Australia-centric point of view. Included is information on recent economic and political developments plus (in PDF format) a one-page fact sheet about Laos's economy. Flag image courtesy of World Flag Database Return to top of page PageOwner: Office of Communications Page updated on: April 01, 2004

96. Wausau - Hmong Youths Learn Of Their History In Laos Museum Teaches Life Local, Sports, Entertainment, Lifestyle, Business headlines, weather, opinion, births and obituaries from the Wausau Daily Herald. http://www.wausaudailyherald.com/wdhlocal/289331873616533.shtml

var prop1 = "Wausau" var prop6 = "news" var prop7 = "local_news" Wausau Weather Clear Search 2000 to present News Local News Business Entertainment ... Contact Us Company Links Gannett Co., Inc. USAToday.com USAWeekend.com Gannett Foundation ... Email Sat, Apr 23, 2005 Hmong youths learn of their history in Laos Museum teaches lifestyle to younger generation By Keith Uhlig Wausau Daily Herald kuhlig@wdhprint.com Students from Rothschild Elementary School paid rapt attention to Nao Vang Chang as he quickly twisted and bent a piece of wet bamboo into the likeness of a goat. If you go They were in the middle of the Marathon County Historical Society exhibit Friday morning called "From Laos to America: Changing Worlds, Changing Lives," put together by retired educators Jim and Mary Harris of Kronenwetter. While the 69-year-old Chang fiddled with the bamboo much the way a magician would make balloon animals, he explained to the children in Hmong that back in Laos, elders would sit in their gardens with children and make bamboo animals, telling stories that helped implant the Hmong culture in the young minds. Half of the Rothschild Elementary students were refugee newcomers from Wat Tham Krabok, the rest Hmong-Americans who grew up in this country. All of the students watched closely as members of an elder Hmong group from the Wausau Area Hmong Mutual Association showed them the bamboo animals and demonstrated how to make paper and how to use a Hmong top called "tuj lub" (pronounced "too loo").

97. Columbia News ::: Family History, War In Laos Spur Research Of CC Graduate Columbia, News, Press Release, With multiple fellowships and a year at the London School of Economics under his belt, the future of John Vang, CC 01, http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/01/05/ogs_johnVang.html

the Public Affairs and Record Home Page Current News News Archive Video Briefs Video Forums ... Home Page Family History, War in Laos Spur Research of CC Graduate By James Devitt John Vang With multiple fellowships and a year at the London School of Economics under his belt, the future of John Vang, CC'01, is bright. He graduates this spring with a degree in history. But it is his family and past that intrigues him. The son of Laotian refugees, Vang is one of the Hmong, an ethnic minority that allied with the United States during the Indochina wars in the 1960s and 1970s. Residing in the mountains of northern Laos, where the North Vietnamese built their supply line during the Vietnam War, the Hmong suffered a disproportionate share of casualties during the conflict. Forced to flee Laos following the Communist takeover in the mid-1970s, Vang's parents eventually settled in Milwaukee, where Vang was born. Today, there are approximately 250,000 Hmong living in the United States. Vang said historians have not adequately explored the actions and motivations of the United States' secret war in Laos during the Vietnam conflict and in particular, the activities of the Hmong, which is the topic of Vang's thesis. His research is supported by the Edwin Robbins Award for Historical Research, which is administered by the history department. "Much of the history of the war in Laos has been written by journalists and former soldiers," said Vang. "While many of the perspectives are perhaps sympathetically slanted to favor the Hmong and the U.S., these accounts don't effectively explore why the Hmong allied with the Americans."

98. Boston.com Destination Guides - Asia - Southeast Asia - Laos Martin StuartFox , A history of laos (Cambridge University Press). Written by an Australian scholar who covered the Second Indochina War as a foreign http://dg.ian.com/index.jsp?cid=54608&action=viewLocation&formId=67805

99. Boston.com Destination Guides - Asia - Southeast Asia - Laos laos as a unified state within its present geographical boundaries has only existed Its national history stretches back six centuries to the legendary http://dg.ian.com/index.jsp?cid=54608&action=viewLocation&formId=67836

100. Laos - Its History And Learning Its Language Thailand Book Shop - Learn Thai laos Its history and learning its language shopping in Thailand Learn Thai at DCO books. http://www.dcothai.com/index.php?cPath=79

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