21. DRESS CODES AND PRESTIGE STAFFS: CONSTRUCTING POLITICAL AUTHORITY WITH STAFFS IN Staffs come in different materials and forms and most examples in africa are made to the world and with the benefits of the indigenous people in mind. http://www.ijele.com/issue4/mshana.html

Ijele: Art eJournal of the African World (2002) ISSN: 1525-447X DRESS CODES AND PRESTIGE STAFFS: CONSTRUCTING POLITICAL AUTHORITY WITH STAFFS IN TANZANIA Fadhili Mshana Staffs come in different materials and forms and most examples in Africa are made of wood and are most commonly used for walking, though some staffs serve as ritual items and as symbols of authority. For example, chiefs, diviners, and linguists own staffs connected with their obligations. This is not to say that such types of staffs are used on a daily basis. Rather, these items are employed during special events and for performing specific tasks. These include chiefs who display them to legitimize their title, and to represent their realm and power. Healers and diviners also utilize staffs in their activities, as do linguists, orators, and leaders of associations (fig.1). To cite an example, in Ghana, major Ashanti chiefs have an okyeame or public spokesman who holds his staff as he speaks to underscore his authority and message. While the woodcarver was the main creator of staffs, the chief or title-holder could ask other artisans like a smith to work with the carver. Indeed, a combined effort perhaps depended on the materials that a staff demanded. If, for instance, metal such as iron and copper was needed, then specialists in this field of metallurgy were called upon to contribute their expertise. In another example, a bead-worker may be involved together with a woodcarver in the creation process if a staff was to be decorated with beads. Considering the crucial functions of staffs, it would seem that after the creation process is completed, other actions may be taken upon the objects. For example, a practitioner would be given the task of manipulating a staff with view to consecrate it, thereafter the object is given to the title person.

22. African Arts: Folk Arts And Personal Independence In Tanzania: Fundi Mdawalo Bin In the context of the colonial history of africa, the struggle for The Matrilineal peoples of Eastern Tanzania (Zaramo, Luguru, Kaguru, Ngulu, etc.). http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0438/is_2_37/ai_n7580163/pg_3

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles African Arts Summer 2004 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Folk artists / Biography Folk artists / Works Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Folk arts and personal independence in Tanzania: Fundi Mdawalo bin Milonge African Arts Summer, 2004 by Edward A. Alpers Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Continued from page 2. The independence that carving wood figurines afforded Fundi Mdawalo may also have motivated his father's decision to accept Lambrecht's challenge "to make pictures." John Iliffe tells us that shortly after Lambrecht assumed administrative responsibility for Morogoro, he came under increasing pressure to turn out African labor "without employing compulsion" for the growing needs of European plantation owners. He therefore let them establish a card system. The cards were given to headmen for distribution. Any African who accepted a card from a headman was liable to thirty days' work within fifty-five days on a European enterprise. Those who refused cards, or failed to work them off, were conscripted when necessary for public works. The governor questioned this, but the advantage of the system, according to Lambrecht, was ... that it allowed the worker to choose his employer. As he told an akida [African administrator of a district section], 'everyone is able to work where he likes, be it here or there' (Iliffe 1969:136-137; see also Koponen 1995:402-403).

23. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles They are one of the most homogenous people groups in africa, speaking a common language,adhering to a single faith, and sharing a cultural heritage. http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=109392&rog3=TZ

24. KeepMedia | The Atlantic: South Africans Only Apartheid kept most South africans isolated from the rest of africa and deeply I have heard it said that kwere , kwere is more than a mocking http://www.keepmedia.com/pubs/TheAtlantic/2001/11/01/377742?extID=10026

25. KeepMedia | The Atlantic: South Africans Only Africans claim to hear kwere , kwere when immigrants as President, unfamiliar,unimagined people started to Beach promenade are indigenous South Africans. http://www.keepmedia.com/ShowItemDetails.do?item_id=377742

26. A R T T H R O B / I N T L _ L I S T I N G S Following a highly successful tour in South africa, kwere kwere/Journeys intoStrangeness cultural and geographical variety of people in South africa. http://www.artthrob.co.za/03apr/listings_intl.html

EUROPE Kendell Geers at the Centre Pompidou Sue Williamson's solo show opens in Brussels 'Kwere Kwere/Journeys into Strangeness' in Amsterdam Nelson Mandela's Robben Island in Germany South African Family Stories in Amsterdam UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 'How Latitudes Become Forms: Art in a Global Age' opens in the US Coexistence: Contemporary Cultural Production in South Africa Zwelethu Mthethwa's Photographic Portraits in Ohio The World Moves - We Follow: Celebrating African Art in Tennessee Human Rights Prints in Tennessee Africa at Home: European Postcards 1890-1950 Kendell Geers 'Red Sniper' Kendell Geers at the Centre Pompidou 'Red Sniper' is a new project piece by Kendell Geers and Patrick Codenys. Kendell Geers, who is due to show at Johannesburg's Goodman Gallery in May, is not averse to incorporating pop musical elements into his work. A previous work, shown at London's Delphina Project Space two years ago, included elements of a Sex Pistols song. This new project also follows close on the heals of his appearance at the Palais de Tokyo last year, when the artist launched his monograph My Tongue in Your Cheek . If you can't afford to import it, the latest issue of

27. A R T T H R O B ArtThrob Contemporary visual art in South africa. kwere kwere / Journeysinto Strangeness at the Wits Gertrude Posel http://www.artthrob.co.za/00may/listings.html

Robert Palmer Meat Acrylic on canvas 102 x 348cm Robert Palmer Speak Slowly Please Installation view CAPE TOWN Roger Palmer at the AVA by Sue Williamson International Waters comprises six interconnected works which address aspects of sea travel, the role that maritime space played in colonization and the subsequent maintenance of links between Britain and South Africa. The exhibition identifies the "open sea" as a space for exploration, emigration and exchange, and in so doing, acknowledges Seventeenth Century Dutch marine painting (the period of Dutch settlement in the Cape), J M W Turner's Nineteenth Century blurring of maritime space and Piet Mondrian's early Twentieth Century geometric evocation of the meeting between land and sea in his Pier and Ocean series. The year 2000 marks the centenary of the formation of the Union Castle Line which provided mail and passenger services between Southampton and Cape Town until 1977, and the show includes two works which make reference to this fleet. International Waters is an experimental exhibition which has been conceived at a distance specifically for the AVA. In addition to a wall-drawing, a sculpture using found objects and a single photograph, the exhibition presents various forms of language, using neon tubes, an electronic L.E.D. screen, and vinyl adhesive texts. A further exhibition similarly titled will be presented by Palmer at the John Hansard Gallery in Southampton next year, thus re-establishing links between two port cities which were once closely connected by sea trade. Catalogues of both exhibitions will be published late next year.

28. Musées Afrique Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu Exposition Ulwazi Lwemvelo IndigenousKnowledge in South africa Aquarelles de Joy Adamson peoples of Kenya http://www2.unil.ch/gybn/Arts_Peuples/Ex_Africa/ex_Af_musaf.html

MUSEES Afrique Afrique du Sud Angola Botswana Burkina Faso ... Zimbabwe ou plusieurs oeuvres majeures. Afrique du Sud Cape Town South African National Gallery Government Avenue ma-di 10-17 Arts de la perle / Expositions temporaires Cape Town Gold of Africa Museum . Martin Melck House 96 Strand Street Bijoux d'or d'Afrique de l'Ouest (coll Barbier-Mueller); objets d'or des civilisations d'Afrique australe Cape Town - Gardens South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street lu-di 10-17 terres cuites de Lydenburg San (peintures rupestres), Zimb abwe Tsonga , Khoikhoi, Sotho, Nguni, Shona, Lovedu... Exposition " Ulwazi Lwemvelo - Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Cape Town - Rosebank University of Cape Town Irma Stern Museum Cecil Road ma-sa 10-17 Arts de Zanzibar et du Congo: Lega, Luba Durban Art Gallery City Hall lu-sa 8.30-16; di 11-16 Durban Local History Museum Aliwal Street East London East London Museum lu-ve 9.30-17; sa 9.30-12

29. South Africans Only Refugees to South africa are not getting a warm reception. I have heard itsaid that kwere, kwere is more than a mocking imitation of foreign http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2001/11/nixon.htm

Home Current Issue Back Issues Premium Archive ... Subscriber Help Browse >> Foreign Affairs Subscribe to our free e-mail newsletters More on Foreign Affairs from The Atlantic Monthly. Contents From the archives: "Europe's Back Doors" (January 2000) Two sleepy Spanish enclaves on the coast of Morocco are suddenly of concern to both sides of the Mediterranean%amp%mdashas entry points for Africans slipping illegally into the European Union. By George Stolz "Apollo 11, Apartheid, and TV" (July 1999) When the only way to watch was to line up in front of a purple velvet curtain. By Rob Nixon "How to Steal a Diamond" (March 1999) In an arid region north of Cape Town, diamond theft is viewed as the proper work of man. This attitude extends across much of the southern part of Africa, draining profits and fueling political unrest. By Matthew Hart "The Struggle to Govern Johannesburg" (September 1995) From Atlantic Unbound Interviews: "After Apartheid" (February 9, 2000) Nobel Prize-winning author Nadine Gordimer talks about integrity, illumination, illiteracy, and the dubious relationship between art and social conflict. Port Elizabeth South Africans Only Africans from all over their war-torn continent have lately been flocking to South Africa. They are generally not met with open arms

30. Paradoxia In Africa In africa, the concept of traditional sexual socialisation is voiced in various Among the Yorubaspeaking peoples, girls of better class were almost http://www2.rz.hu-berlin.de/sexology/GESUND/ARCHIV/GUS/AFRICAOLD.HTM

Growing Up Sexually World Reference Atlas (Oct., 2002) [to Atlas Index [to Main Index Janssen, D. F. (Oct., 2002). Growing Up Sexually . Volume I: World Reference Atlas. Interim report. Amsterdam, The Netherlands Sub-Saharan Africa [Janssen, D. F. (Oct., 2002). Growing Up Sexually in Sub-Saharan Africa . Interim Excerpt. Amsterdam, The Netherlands] "Easy, easy, many women will weep if you err" "Now unfold your scrotums and sleep in it" "Nyina owe, nyina owe, mayo wandi fuma ingawile nyina owe, nyina owe, nalete cisungu candi, nyina owe, nyina owe" Geographic Index Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso ... Cameroon , Central Africa, Congo Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Ethiopia ... Nigeria , Rhodesia. See Zambia, Zimbabwe Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia ... Uganda , Upper Volta. See Burkina Faso Zaire Zambia Zimbabwe Ethnographic Index !Kung !Xo (!Ko),  Auin, Ababoua, Abyssinia, Acholi Adamaoua Afar Afikpo Igbo , Ahaggaren. See Taureg Akan , Akela, Akwapim Alur Amhara Amwimbe ... Asaba Ibo , Ashanti. See Akan Atonga , Azande. See Zande , Azimba, Baamba Babunda Bachiga Bafia ... Baganda Bageshu, Bahemba Bahima Bahuana Bahuma Bajoro ... Bajok   (Badjok), Bakene

31. Archaeolink.com Archaeology, Anthropology, Social Studies, General Knowledge indigenous Studies by region. africa. africa, african Anthropology GeneralResources Asian indigenous and Tribal People - General Resources http://archaeolink.com/

The Amazing This place is designed to provide students and others interested in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, and ancient civilizations a one stop resource for homework help or other projects. While that is still the main theme of the site, it is now expanding into other realms and disciplines ranging from gardening to astronomy and much more. You will find numerous resources (currently over fifteen thousand and climbing ) divided by topic. best viewed with 600 x 800 resolution. Web archaeolink.com For your convenience, you may explore each section from its own index, found immediately below - - Or, to explore the whole website from one place, just scroll on down this page ( site map ) picking and choosing what you like. Archaeology Pages Index - General archaeological information plus archaeology by region era, and specialty plus much more. Anthropology Pages Index - General anthropology information; cultural, linguistic, early man, cyberanthropology; plus indigenous peoples; by tribe and region; peoples of Africa, Asia, South America, religious anthropology and more.

32. Project MUSE - Information groups to include the Luguru, Kutu, kwere, and Zaramo 1954. The indigenous PoliticalSystem of the Sukuma and People and Production in Late PreColonial Tanzania http://worldshakesbib.com/journals/africa_today/v048/48.4gunderson.html

Project MUSE Has Moved Project MUSE changed servers at the beginning of February but it appears that your computer has not updated its DNS record or is still trying to use the old servers. Update your links to use one of our servers listed below: Primary Site (Baltimore, Maryland) http://muse.jhu.edu Australian Mirror (Brisbane, Australia) http://muse.uq.edu.au Please Contact Us if you have any questions.

33. Search For Islamized www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/kwere.html MindaNews Who Are th ePresent Peoplesof Mindanao the region, further classified intothe “indigenous A”(the http://www.host-park.com/members/get.php?art=1&key=Islamized

34. News This Week - August 2001 Lutoya is a kwerekwere . A foreigner. One ofthousands of foreigners But onthe whole, South africa and its people are wonderful ñ compared to http://www.queensu.ca/samp/migrationnews/2001/aug.htm

SOUTHERN AFRICAN MIGRATION PROJECT Migration News - August 2001 Click here for archives Click here for current news AUGUST 2001 - Click on the country titleabove the headlines for the entire article. Regional: Recruiting of teachersfor UK Region readies for Zimbabwe refugees Focus on regional border trade Brain drain poses threat to SADC economies SADC refugee problem on the rise Brain drain hurts poverty alleviation, says IOM New initiative to tackle regional brain drain Angola: More refugees enter DRC Death toll in ambush of refugee train to 252 Report on plight of refugees Thirteen Zambians held hostage in Angola New refugee influx in Cuanza Norte Angolan opposition charges irregularities in relocation of 60,000 Angolan refugees to be repatriated DRC: UNHCR begins transfer of Angolan refugees Angolan refugees continue to arrive in DRC More Angolan refugees enter DRC Lesotho: Queen comments employment of locals at UN South Africa: Policing of the eastern border Immigration Bill inadequate, says CDE ID fraud costing banks R6bn a year South Africa ready to deal with any Zimbabwean influx Foreign crime rings 'smashed' Home Affairs clamps down on syndicates selling ID's Zulu king slams foreigners for 'taking jobs' Discrimination against black non-citizens Constitutionality of Immigration Bill questioned South Africa braces for Zimbabwean refugees Police swoop on Hillbrow drug dens Conflict between Minister and Director-General of Home Affairs SAHRC and Home Affairs inpublic spat over xenophobia Buthelezi gets a public scolding from SAHRC

35. NATIONS OF THE OLD WORLD ************** * EUROPE Kuria Kutu Kw adza Kwavi Kwaya kwere Lambya Langi Luo 62%) Chinese (15%) see CHINA indigenous (6%) Cambodia Chinese see CHINA China, People s Republic of http://landru.myhome.net/jtrees/text/Nations_of_old-world.txt

Tofin Toli Urhobo //Waama// (Yoabu) Waci Xweda Xwela Yoba //Yoruba// [Anago and Nago] [current count: 51] Botswana Batswana (95%) Kalanga Basarwa Kgalagadi Burkina Faso Mossi Gurunsi Senufo Lobi Bobo Mande Fulani Burundi - Hutu (Bantu) Tutsi (Hamitic) Twa (Pygmy) Cameroon Cameroon Highlanders Equatorial Bantu Kirdi //Fulani// Northwestern Bantu Eastern Nigritic Cape Verde Creole (Cape Verde mulatto) (71%) [mixed African] (28%) Central African Republic [over 80 ethnic groups] Maubere Chinese [see CHINA] India - [Est. population: 1,014,003,817 ] [Java ] [Sulawesi (Celebes) ] [Sumatra ] [Maluku ] [Nusa Tenggara ] [Irian Jaya (West Papua) ]

36. Ngoni - Ngoni Recommended By Swoopon Online. 118,500 sq km Population 11.6 million People Chewa, Nyanja Catholic (20%), Muslim(20%), traditional indigenous beliefs Government The kwere name for a Wiggy http://www.swoopon.com/Swoopon/Ngoni .htm

37. Web Server Statistics For The University Of Iowa .nz (New Zealand) 0.05% 51 0.03% 8138 0.06% 3017 .za (South africa)0.05% 49 0.03% 136 /~africart/toc/people/kwere.html 134 http://www.uiowa.edu/stats/stats-2000-07.html

Web Server Statistics for The University of Iowa Program started at Tue-Aug-01-2000 00:46 local time. Analyzed requests from Sat-Jul-01-2000 00:01 to Tue-Aug-01-2000 00:02 (31.0 days). Total successful requests: Average successful requests per day: Total successful requests for pages: Average successful requests for pages per day: Total failed requests: Total redirected requests: Number of distinct files requested: Number of distinct hosts served: Number of new hosts served in last 7 days: Corrupt logfile lines: Total data transferred: 98,510 Mbytes (23,993 Mbytes) Average data transferred per day: 3,178 Mbytes (3,428 Mbytes) (Figures in parentheses refer to the last 7 days). Go To Daily Summary Daily Report Hourly Summary Weekly Report ... Browser Summary Daily Summary Go To Top Daily Report Hourly Summary Weekly Report ... Browser Summary Each unit ( ) represents 60,000 requests for pages, or part thereof. day: %bytes: Mbytes: %reqs: #reqs: %pages: pages: - - Sun: 10.62%: 10466: 8.53%: 2324177: 13.24%: 645018: Mon: 19.51%: 19224: 20.66%: 5625280: 17.16%: 835859:

38. East Africa Living Encyclopedia The Swahili were, and are, an urban people living in stone towns up Swahili culture has been at the crossroads of africa, India, Arabia and Europe. http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm

East Africa Living Encyclopedia Tanzania Internet Resources Map, Flag,Anthem Scenes from Zanzibar Agriculture ... Weather (Supported by a Grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Kenya Tanzania ... Rwanda Tanzania Ethnic Groups The two largest ethnic groups in Tanzania are linguistically and culturally closely related. The traditional homelands ofthe

39. The Languages And Writing Systems Of Africa Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People s Republic of Angola The number of languages listed for Central African Republic is 69 http://www.intersolinc.com/newsletters/africa.htm

English Deutsch Español Français ... Português Three Pointe Dr. Suite 301 Brea, California 92821 U.S.A. Tel.: Fax: Toll Free (U.S.) With a global network of experienced resources, InterSol provides customized, cost-effective solutions to the challenges of international communications. Other Editions Africa Languages of Africa Sources: Ethnologue The World Fact Book Country Language Algeria, Al Jaza'ir, People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah National or official languages: Standard Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects. The number of languages listed for Algeria is 18, including Chaouia, Kabyle, Tumzabt, Taznatit and others. All are living languages. Angola, Republic of Angola, República de Angola, former People's Republic of Angola National or official languages: Portuguese (official), Bantu and other African languages. The number of languages listed for Angola is 42, of which 41 are living languages (including Mbundu, Loanda, Kongo, Chokwe, Luchazi) and 1 (Kwadi) is extinct. Benin

40. News Analysis  Voice Of Biafra International (VOBI) Broadcasts “My peoples and my nations shall not be sacrificed for the sake of Anyi kwerena ihe Uwazurike gwa ra ha. Ka anyi kwu o kwa ufodi ihe ndia ozo http://www.biafraland.com/newsanalysis100204.htm

This is the News Analysis segment of the Voice of Biafra International broadcasts For October 2 nd You have heard the news; now, the analysis “My peoples and my nations shall not be sacrificed for the sake of preserving a worthless idea called Nigeria.” So speaketh the Lord. And so it is. “The peoples and their nations must live and thrive, though the name and concept of Nigeria die. The peoples and their nations must not, and will not, be allowed to perish just to save a dying Nigeria.” So says the Lord. Fellow Biafrans: Commit to the Word of God. Let us start this week by reminding you to complete the Remembrance and Mourning Week started on September 29, through October 1, and ending October 6 , marked by the wearing of a black item on your person during this time. This is to remember with sorrow, and mourn our Biafran brethren brutally murdered in cold blood in genocidal action in one of three major waves of mayhem committed against Biafrans by Northern Nigerians and Western Nigerians at this period in 1966. While this is a voluntary exercise, any Biafran who celebrated Nigerian Independence Day on October 1 (yesterday) with Nigerians will have to look deep into his or her own soul and answer the question, why? This year, 2004, marks the beginning of the observation of this tradition. For 34 years, Nigeria never admitted any wrong-doing, never apologized, never showed any remorse, and celebrates October 1 st like nothing ever happened to Biafrans on this day. For our part, we went along, like fools, acting as if nothing ever happened either, perhaps, thinking that if we did not remember, Nigeria might be appeased and accept us into their country. Well, the folly is over now; we now know better. It is incumbent upon us to remember and honor our own history, to remember the bloody and capital injustice done, without provocation, to our people. We have seen how, if we do not do it—if we do not do for ourselves—no one else will: certainly, not the murderers themselves.

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