41. Interns2000.01: [Interns 2000] Life In Zimbabwe Land (5) Oshiwambo German Herero Nama Damara Lozi kwangali Tswanaall I saw a few peopleat the Meeting, and I that are trying to overtake the indigenous plants.. http://hub.col.org/2001/interns2000/0048.html

[Interns 2000] Life in Zimbabwe Land (5) From: Susan Chapman ( chapman_susan@hotmail.com Date: Tue Mar 20 2001 - 20:10:07 Next message: Lewis, Jason: "[Interns 2000] long lost lewis" Previous message: Susan Chapman: "[Interns 2000] Life in Zimbabwe Land 5" Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] People  things are not good in Zimbabwe these days..oh no things are not good. Everything is the stores is going up and up and up. There is no petrol. Can you imagine..no petrol cars are just lined up as far as the eye can see from the gas station and extending 2-4 blocks away. Sometimes when we get to the taxi stand, there are no taxis because of no petrol so we have to walk home..the price of the cabs has increased by 40%. Food has increased more and more street kids seem to be perforating the roads by the dozens People are retiring, and leaving work by the droves people are scared everyone is stressed the country has no money, donors are refusing to fund Zimbabwe because of the political situation the British are telling France and Brussels to ignore Cde Mugabe his bodyguards are beating and killing everyone in the way when his heavily armed motorcade passes by..He’s

42. LINGUIST List 14.1257: African Linguistics/NJ USA relationship the case of (Ru-)kwangali, (Oshi-)Kwanyama behaviour of the Mankonpeople a case AIDS Awareness Campaign in Nigerian indigenous Languages The http://164.76.102.53//issues/14/14-1257.html

LINGUIST List 14.1257 Mon May 5 2003 Confs: African Linguistics/NJ USA Editor for this issue: Please keep conferences announcement as short as you can; LINGUIST will not post conference announcements which in our opinion are excessively long. To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at http://linguistlist.org/LL/posttolinguist.html Directory Akinbiyi Akinlabi, 4th World Congress of African Linguistics Message 1: 4th World Congress of African Linguistics Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 22:35:12 -0400 (EDT) From: Subject: 4th World Congress of African Linguistics 4th World Congress of African Linguistics WOCAL4 Date: 17-Jun-2003 - 22-Jun-2003 Location: New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America Contact: Akinbiyi Akinlabi Contact Email: akinlabi Mail to author Read more issues LINGUIST home page Top of issue

43. News This Week - September 2000 than 2 000 shops belonging to indigenous business people to shut down in areas suchas kwangali, Kahenge and to controlling the movement of people across South http://search.choike.org/cgi-bin/choike.cgi?cs=&q=human rights&ch=http://www.que

44. Kamba - Search For Kamba Infomation, Kamba Links - Usearch.co.uk Kenya People 1%. Religions Protestant 38%, Roman Catholic 28%, indigenous beliefs26 maroola plum 2082 ; Kamba (Kenya) - muua 1597 ; kwangali - ufuongo 1171 http://www.usearch.co.uk/index.php?qry=Kamba&offset=20

45. Marula [Definition] Hausa dania; Kamba (Kenya) - muua; kwangali - ufuongo; Lovedu The Maasai or Masaiare an indigenous African tribe of semi-nomadic people located primarily http://www.wikimirror.com/Marula

Marula information on Wikimirror.com - read below for information on Marula. ( Search Marula Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Plants are a major group of living things (about 300,000 species), including familiar organisms such as trees, flowers, herbs, and ferns. Aristotle divided all living things between plants, which generally do not move or have sensory organs, and animals. In Linnaeus' system, these became the Kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Plantae) and Animalia. Since then, it has become clear that the Plantae as originally defined included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and several groups of algae were removed to new... [click for more] Division: Magnoliophyta The flowering plants (also angiosperms or Magnoliophyta) are one of the major groups of modern plants, comprising those that produce seeds in specialized reproductive organs called flowers, where the ovulary or carpel is enclosed. The other seed plants are called gymnosperms; here the ovule is not enclosed at pollination.... [click for more] Class: Magnoliopsida Dicotyledons or dicots are flowering plants whose seed contains two embryonic leaves or cotyledons. Flowering plants or angiosperms that are not dicotyledonous are monocotyledonous: having one embryonic leaf. See How to distinguish a monocot from a dicot for other characteristics that separate these two large groups of flowering plants....

46. UNITA-A Case Study In Modern Insurgency of the South West africa People s Organization (SWAPO), which Nganguela,kwangali, Lwena, and the Lunda (all of which constitute http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/BRR.htm

var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="8/7/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="728"; var zflag_height="90"; var zflag_sz="14"; Education Jobs Home Loans Telecom ... Public Eye var zflag_nid="224"; var zflag_cid="97/63/19/3/1"; var zflag_sid="1"; var zflag_width="120"; var zflag_height="600"; var zflag_sz="8"; Choose: HTML TEXT AOL Military UNITA-A Case Study In Modern Insurgency CSC 1984 SUBJECT AREA Strategic Issues ABSTRACT Author: Burke, Robert R., Major, USMC Title: UNITA - A Case Study in Modern Insurgency Publisher: Marine Corps Command and Staff College Date: 2 April 1984 After nearly 400 years of Portuguese rule, Angola finally became independent in November 1975. This independence was the culmination of nearly 14 years of civil war in which three insurgencies vied for control of Angola: the Movimento Popular de Libertacao de Angola (MPLA), the Frente Nacional de Libertacao de Angola (FNLA), and the Unizo Nacional para Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA). With the help of nearly 15,000 Cuban troops and massive aid from the Soviet

47. AWisa - AIDS Workplace Programs In Southern Africa People and History. Namibia is one of africa s three most sparsely populated Obligations to promote the welfare of the indigenous people were generally http://www.awisa.de/region/namibia.htm

Namibia Geography Namibia is in south western Africa, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Botswana and Zimbabwe in the east, South Africa in the south and Angola and Zambia in the north. The country's surface area is 842,269 sq. km. Climate The climate is arid, semi-arid and subtropical. The hottest months are between January and February with average temperatures soaring to between 20 to 36 degrees Celsius. Average winter temperatures in June and July range between 6 to 8 degrees Celsius. People and History Namibia is one of Africa's three most sparsely populated countries, with an average population density of 1.7 people per sq. km. The total population is 1.86 million (2001). About 27 percent of the population lives in urban areas. English is the official language. Afrikaans, Oshiwambo, German, Herero, Nama/Damara, Lozi, Kwangali and Tswana are the national languages. Namibia was under German rule from 1884 until 1915 when South African expeditionary forces defeated the colonial forces. In 1920 South Africa was granted a C class mandate by the League of Nations to administer Namibia. Obligations to promote the welfare of the indigenous people were generally ignored and a legislative assembly for whites was established in 1925. In 1945, the newly formed United Nations (UN) declared South West Africa, as the territory was then called, a trust territory with the right of self-determination. South Africa's refusal to negotiate a trusteeship with the UN resulted in a progressively intensified international campaign to secure Namibian independence in line with UN resolutions. Finally, on 21 March 1990, Namibia became independent.

48. US Department Of State Post Report Afrikaansspeaking, mixed-race peoples, such as the Coloureds The main indigenouslanguages are Oshiwambo, spoken by the Ovambo; kwangali, spoken by the http://library.state.gov/MMS/postrpt/pr_view_all.asp?CntryID=104

49. Namibie Translate this page Luyana, kwangali, langue bantoue, 157 000, 8,8 % l’Organisation du peuple duSud-Ouest africain (South West africa People’s Organization, ou SWAPO). http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/afrique/namibie.htm

République de Namibie Namibie Republic of Namibia Capitale: Windhoek Population: 1,7 million (est. 2002) Langue officielle: anglais ( de facto Groupe majoritaire: aucun Groupes minoritaires: ndonga (39,5 %), kwanyama (12,1 %), luyana (8,8 %), herero (10,1 %), nama (9,8 %), afrikaans (4,4 %), bochiman vasekela (3 %), kwambi (1,6 %), ju/'hoan (1,4 %), lozi (1,4 %), subiya (1,3 %), allemand (1,1 %), san hai//om (0,9 %), tswana (0,6 %), anglais (0,5 %), diriku (0,5 %), fwe (0,5 %), mbukushu (0,3 %), auen (0,2 %), zemba (0,2 %), yeyi (0,2 %), kxoe (0,2 %), luchazi (0,0 %), kwandu du Nord (0,0 %), mbalanhu (0,0 %), !xóõ (0,0 %), xiri (0,0 %). Langues coloniales: allemand et anglais Système politique: république unitaire Articles constitutionnels (langue): art. 3, 11, 19, 24 et 65 de la Constitution du 29 mars 1990 Lois linguistiques: sans objet 1 Situation générale La Namibie (off. république de Namibie voir la carte La Namibie, une immensité désertique, couvre une superficie de 823 144 km², soit l'équivalent de quatre fois la Grande-Bretagne et plus de deux fois l'Allemagne. La capitale est Windhoek (150 000 habitants). Le pays compte plusieurs grandes régions : le Nord ( Northern region ), le désert de Namib (

50. BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIESin Alphabetical Order The kwangali community moved from Makuzu to Sihangu (near Mukukuta). to the Old Location Uprising with many people killed by the South African Police. http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_N.htm

BIOGRAPHIES OF NAMIBIAN PERSONALITIES in alphabetical order KLAUS DIERKS N Nachtigal, Gustav, Dr. * 23.02.1834 in Germany First entry to Namibia: 1884 Last departure from Namibia: 1884 Gustav Nachtigal was born on 23.02.1834 in Germany. He was a German Africa traveller, famous for his travels in the Sahara and Sudan 1869-1884. He was tasked by Bismarck with the formal occupation of Togo, Cameroon and South West Africa, for which he was given the rank of Consul-General. On 07.10.1884 and Nachtigal died on 20.04.1885. Gender: m RAW DATA: Esterhuyse 1968:72; Drechsler 1966:32-33, 328-329; Dt.Koloniallexikon; Nailenge, Shinema [Nailenge, Shimina - alternative spelling] Shinema Nailenge was tried with other Namibians in the Pretoria Terrorism Trial, between September 1967 and February 1968. He was sentenced to life imprisonment, reduced to 20 years on appeal, on Robben Island. Gender: m Field of activity: POL Collections/Papers: 1). NAN: PRI 3/27 (Prison file) Nakakwiila, Ovamboland ( Uukwaluudhi ) King The second Uukwaluudhi King on record was King Nakakwiila. He followed King Amukwa yAmunyela. He ruled before 1850. The first seven Uukwaluudhi kings cannot be dated. His successor was the third Uukwaluudhi King Kamongwa.

51. MSN Encarta - Search View - Namibia The Ovambo, an agricultural people who live primarily in the north, make up about In mid1996 an agreement was reached with South africa to cancel debts http://uk.encarta.msn.com/text_761574992__1/Namibia.html

Search View Namibia Article View To find a specific word, name, or topic in this article, select the option in your Web browser for finding within the page. In Internet Explorer, this option is under the Edit menu. The search seeks the exact word or phrase that you type, so if you don’t find your choice, try searching for a keyword in your topic or recheck the spelling of a word or name. Namibia I. Introduction Namibia , formerly South West Africa, republic in south-western Africa, bordered on the north by Angola and Zambia, on the east by Botswana and South Africa, on the south by South Africa, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The total land area is 824,269 sq km (318,252 sq mi). The capital of Namibia is Windhoek. II. Land and Resources The land area of Namibia falls into three physiographical regions: a low-lying coastal belt, a central plateau, and the Kalahari desert. The coastal belt consists of the Namib Desert. It extends along the entire Atlantic coast and ranges from 100 to 160 km (60 to 100 mi) in width. To the east, the central plateau rises abruptly at the Great Escarpment. The plateau averages about 1,100 m (3,600 ft) above sea level, but rises in several mountainous areas to elevations greater than 1,800 m (5,900 ft). Along the eastern border is the Kalahari, a highland area containing vast sandy tracts, which extends into neighbouring Botswana. A.

52. Namibia The Land Obligations to promote the welfare of the indigenous people were generally ignoredand a www.sadcreview.com © 19972005 Southern African Marketing Co. http://www.sadcreview.com/country_profiles/namibia/nam_theland.htm

THE LAND Geography Namibia is in south western Africa, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, Botswana and Zimbabwe in the east, South Africa in the south and Angola and Zambia in the north. The country's surface area is 824,116 sq. km. Climate The climate is arid, semi-arid and subtropical. The hottest months are between November and February with average temperatures soaring to between 20 to 36 degrees Celsius. Average winter temperatures in June and July range between 6 to 22 degrees Celsius. People and History Namibia is one of Africa's three most sparsely populated countries, with an average population density of 1.7 people per sq. km. The total population is 1.83 million (2001). About 27 percent of the population lives in urban areas. English is the official language. Oshiwambo, Herero, Nama/Damara, Lozi, Kwangali, Tswana, Afrikaans and German are also spoken. Namibia was under German rule from 1884 until 1915 when South African expeditionary forces defeated the colonial forces. In 1920 South Africa was granted a C class mandate by the League of Nations to administer Namibia. Obligations to promote the welfare of the indigenous people were generally ignored and a legislative assembly for whites was established in 1925. In 1945, the newly formed United Nations (UN) declared South West Africa, as the territory was then called, a trust territory with the right of self-determination. South Africa's refusal to negotiate a trusteeship with the UN resulted in a progressively intensified international campaign to secure Namibian independence in line with UN resolutions. Finally, on 21 March 1990, Namibia became independent.

53. Angola - Ovambo, Nyaneka-Humbe, Herero, And Others a set of Bantuspeaking people, described on of David Dalby for the InternationalAfrican Institute, noted The members of the second set, kwangali-Gcikuru and http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/angola/64.html

COUNTRY PROFILES This file has been deleted. Please return to the index and try again. Ovambo, Nyaneka-Humbe, Herero, and Others[an error occurred while processing this directive] Country Studies Profile: Angola

54. Makadi Safaris - Quality African Trophy Hunting Safari Company density of less than 2 people per km2, and hence one of the lowest in the world . Apart form the indigenous African languages Oshivambo, Oshiherero, http://www.makadisafaris.com/hunting.html

Over 85,000 acres of the finest hunting and most breathtaking vistas on the continent... ...and the accommodation, hospitality and good times to match The Ultimate African Trophy Hunting Safari! Imagine...Kudu, a browser, with its mighty spiral horns. Gemsbok, an oryx antelope, with it's bayonet-sharp straight horns. Here and there, even a chance of seeing a Cheetah, Giraffe or Leopard. There is nothing quite like an African Hunting Safari. And there's only one place where the hunting experience is this rich... MAKADI! After Arriving at Windhoek International Airport, you'll be greeted by your professional trophy hunter. He will drive you through the natural beauty of the sweeping African plains where countless herds of magnificent animals graze. It's just over an hour's drive to the Makadi Safari guest houses. After a little rest and refreshment you'll be ready, for soon, the trophy hunt will begin! A four-wheel-drive vehicle, fitted with two-way radios, will be driven by your professional trophy hunter during your safari. The scenery blends from hilltops (Koppies, as they are called here) to flat savannas where Springbuck and other plains game are numerous. Once game is spotted, you and your professional trophy hunter will leave the vehicle to stalk on foot. He will then assist you in selecting the trophy that you will take.

55. New Page 1 Apart from the indigenous African languages Oshivambo, Oshiherero, NamaDamara andKwangali also German is one doctor for every 4450 people, and one http://www.dornfonteinsafaris.com/en/ennamibia.htm

Size and geographical situation Namibia is situated in south-western Africa on the latitude of the Tropic of Capricorn. In the north, it borders on Angola, in the east on Botswana, in the south on South Africa, and in the west on the Atlantic Ocean. The Caprivi-strip in the north-east of the country reaches as far as Zimbabwe and Zambia. Namibia has a surface area of 823 144 km². Our country is four times the size of Great Britain, more than twice the size of Germany, and larger than Texas. The enclave Walvis Bay, a port at the Atlantic Ocean, is presently administered by a joint administration authority of Namibia and South Africa. The enclave is to be re-integrated into Namibian territory in the near future. Climate Car hire and traffic rules Languages English is the official language. Apart from the indigenous African languages Oshivambo, Oshiherero, Nama-Damara and Kwangali also German and Afrikaans are widely spoken as mother tongues and communication languages. Currency The Namibia Dollar (N$) is the national currency. 1 Dollar = 100 cents. The Namibia Dollar is linked to the South African Rand on a 1:1 basis. The South African Rand will remain legal tender. Traveler's cheques in N$ and Rand are accepted almost anywhere, traveler's cheques in other currencies have to be changed at the bank. Credit cards are accepted by most hotels, shops, and in the national park camps, e.g., Master Card, Visa, Diners Club, American Express.

56. LINGUIST List 14.1257: African Linguistics/NJ USA Akinbiyi Akinlabi, 4th World Congress of African Linguistics Genetic relationship the case of (Ru-)kwangali, (Oshi-)Kwanyama and (Oshi) Ndonga habil. http://www.ling.ed.ac.uk/linguist/issues/14/14-1257.html

LINGUIST List 14.1257 Mon May 5 2003 Confs: African Linguistics/NJ USA Editor for this issue: Please keep conferences announcement as short as you can; LINGUIST will not post conference announcements which in our opinion are excessively long. To post to LINGUIST, use our convenient web form at http://linguistlist.org/LL/posttolinguist.html Directory Akinbiyi Akinlabi, 4th World Congress of African Linguistics Message 1: 4th World Congress of African Linguistics Date: Fri, 2 May 2003 22:35:12 -0400 (EDT) From: Subject: 4th World Congress of African Linguistics 4th World Congress of African Linguistics WOCAL4 Date: 17-Jun-2003 - 22-Jun-2003 Location: New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America Contact: Akinbiyi Akinlabi Contact Email: akinlabi Mail to author Read more issues LINGUIST home page Top of issue

57. Sources For The Numbers List Thanks to the following people who ve sent me numbers over the net kwangali JKKloppers 1994 =Rukwangali; also Oxford 1991 (ident.). R. http://www.zompist.com/sources.htm

Sources for the Numbers List This file gives the sources I've used for the [Numbers Index] Sources for the Numbers List This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page . Sometimes half the work in dealing with a new language is finding out what it is, and relating it to the sometimes wildly varying classifications from Ruhlen , Voegelin, and the Ethnologue. There are notes relating to this, as well as information on dialects , and names of languages I don't have yet. M.R. Totals :5020 entries -238 conlangs -444 dead langs -386 dialect/variant = living languages I have 83.2% of Ruhlen's 4750 languages. Dialects I have but not in the list: 835, so the grand total is about 5612. Thanks to the following people who've sent me numbers over the net (biggest contributors first; abbreviations in boldface): Jarel Deaton JD Eugene S.L. Chan Ch Nicolas Ossart ( NO Pavel Petrov ( PP Jess Tauber, Carl Masthay ( CM Rick Schellen ( RS Claudio Salvucci ( CS Ivan Derzhanski, Reinhard Hahn, Jennifer Runner (who has a common expressions in many languages page)

58. The African Marula Fruit Notes from the Kew Garden survey of economic plants for arid areas on the marulafruit, a fruit which is used extensively by African people, http://www.rbgkew.org.uk/ceb/sepasal/birrea.htm

SEPASAL Database Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.)Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.)Kokwaro Anacardiaceae Gathered fruits of Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra , Botswana (F.E.M. Cook) SYNONYMS Commiphora subglauca Engl. Poupartia caffra (Sond.)H.Perrier Sclerocarya caffra Sond. Sclerocarya caffra Sond. var. dentata Engl. Sclerocarya caffra Sond. var. oblongifoliata Engl. Sclerocarya schweinfurthiana Schinz VERNACULAR NAMES Afrikaans - maroela ; Boran (Kenya) - didissa ; English- jelly plum, maroola nut, cat thorn, morula, cider tree , marula , maroola plum ; Kamba (Kenya) - muua ; Kwangali - ufuongo ; Lovedu - marula ; Maasai (Kenya) - ol-mangwai ; Meru (Kenya) - mura ; Ndebele - iganu , ikanyi , umganu , umkano ; Pedi [fruits] - lerula , marula ; Pedi [tree] - morula , merula ; Pokot (Kenya) - oruluo ; Sebei (Kenya) - katetalum ; Shangaan - nkanyi, inkanyi ; Shona - mutsomo , mukwakwa , mushomo , muganu , mupfura ;Shona [fruits] - pfura ; Shona [tree] - mufura , mafuna , marula ; Swahili, Diga (Kenya) - mngongo ; Swati - umganu ; Swazi - umganu; Tonga - tsua , tsula , umganu ; Tswana - morula ; Tugen (Kenya) - tololokwo ; Zulu [fruits]- amaganu ; Zulu [seeds] - umganu ; Zulu [tree] - umganu DISTRIBUTION Native - Zaire (Katanga) , Ethiopia, Kenya , Tanzania (incl.Zanzibar)

59. Republic Of Angola › General Information › Useful Contacts Official Portuguese (spoken by 57600 people); 42 spoken languages. http://www.artafrica.gulbenkian.pt/html/paises/angola_i.php

Republic of Angola General information Useful contacts Artists GENERAL INFORMATION A Portuguese colony since the 15th century, it gained its independence in 1975. Following a long period of war, peace was established in 2002. Since then, Angola has been a multi-party democracy under a presidential system. DATE OF INDEPENDENCE November 11, 1975. CAPITAL Luanda. LOCATION Southeast Africa; Atlantic coast; between Namibia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. AREA 1,246,700 km POPULATION 10,978,552 (as of July 2004). LIFE EXPECTANCY age 40. ETHNIC GROUPS 37% Ovimbundu; 25% Kimbundu; 13% Bakongo; 2% bi-ethnic; 1% European; 22% other. RELIGIONS 47% Indigenous; 38% Roman Catholic; 15% Protestant. SPOKEN LANGUAGES (source www.ethnologue.com Official: Portuguese (spoken by 57,600 people); 42 spoken languages. !O!UNG, 'AKHOE, BOLO, CHOKWE, DIRIKU, HOLU, KONGO, KONGO_SAN SALVADOR, KUNG-EKOKA, KWANGALI, KWANYAMA, KXOE, LUCHAZI, LUIMBI, LUNDA, LUVALE, LUYANA, MALIGO, MASHI, MBANGALA, MBUKUSHU, MBUNDA, MBUNDU_LOANDA, MBWELA, NDOMBE, NDONGA, NGANDYERA, NKANGALA, NKHUMBI, NSONGO, NYANEKA, NYEMBA, NYENGO, RUUND, SAMA, UMBUNDU, YAKA, YAUMA, YOMBE, ZEMBA. POLITICAL SYSTEM Republic. Multi-party democracy based on a presidential system.

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