21. Click Afrique: Magazine: History: Africa's Ancient Empires - Kongo River settling amongst and eventually absorbing the indigenous communities . kongo (Heritage Library of african People.Central africa) C Okeke http://www.clickafrique.com/0900rpt/history1009.asp

Home News Forum Directory ... Flag/Maps/Info An E-Community for Africa Magazine - Africa's Ancient Empires - Kongo. >E-Mail to a friend >Can't Find it - Ask Us ! Search ClickAfrique Quick Links Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde CAR Chad Comoros Congo Congo DR Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Eq. Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Principe Reunion Rwanda Sao Tome SADR Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Central Africa Eastern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa Africa (General) Subject Accomodation Airlines Athletics Basketball Banks Boxing Car Hire Companies Countries Country Guides Cricket Culture Dance E-Commerce Education Embassy Film Finance Football Galleries Game Reserves Games Government Hardware Health History Hotels Insurance Investment ISPs Finance Jobs Language Magazine Mobile Phones Museums Music News Newspapers Organistions PC People Portals Property Nature Reserves Radio Resorts Shipping Software Television Theatre Tourism Office Tourist Agencies Trade Gifts and Special Offers : O% APR Offers on UK Credit Cards. Apply online for an immediate decision.

22. Congo (Zaire) Map of Congo (Zaire) with the peoples discussed in Art and Life in africa CDROM Established in the late 1300s, the kongo Kingdom expanded until the http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/countries/Congo_(Zaire).html

revised 15 October 1998 Congo (Zaire) Information Map of Congo (Zaire) with the peoples discussed in "Art and Life in Africa" CD-ROM General Information for Congo (Zaire) Country: Congo (Zaire) Location: Central Africa Independence: June 30, 1960 Nationality: Congolese Capital City: Kinshasa Population: Important Cities: Kisingani, Lubumbashi, Kolwesi Head of State: Lawrence Kabila Area: 2,345,410 sq.km. Type of Government: Dictatorship, presumably undergoing transition to Representative Government Currency: 4.5 CF=1 USD Major peoples: Azande, Chokwe ,Songo, Kongo ,Kuba,Lunda,Bembe Religion: Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, African 10% Climate: Equatorial Literacy: Official Language: French Principal Languages: Lingala, Azande, Chokwe, Kongo, Luba Major Exports: Copper, Cobalt, Diamonds, Crude Oil, Coffee Pre-Colonial History The precolonial past of Congo (Zaire) was complex. A diversity of social aggregates developed, ranging from small, autonomous groups of hunters and gatherers to centralized chiefdoms, from settled indigenous village communities to predominantly Muslim and Arab trading communities. Established in the late 1300s, the Kongo Kingdom expanded until the mid-17th century. The

23. African Indigenous People Bamana africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples Bamana People The Bamana are members of the Mande culture, a large and powerful group http://www.archaeolink.com/african_indigenous_people_bamana.htm

Bamana Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... ArtWorld AFRICA - Bamana (Bambara) "Bamana religious life and social structure is traditionally based upon fraternal groups or societies which regulate agricultural work, judge disputes and provide protection against evil spirits and sickness. They each have their own initiation rites and rituals, usually relating to some aspect of fertility. Bamana craftsmen fashion masks and figures for the observance of these societies' rituals." illustrated - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/bamana/welcome.html Bamana People "The Bamana are members of the Mande culture, a large and powerful group of peoples in western Africa. Kaarta and Segou are Bamana city-states, which were established in the 17th century and continued to have political influence throughout the western Sudan states into the 19th century." You will find material related to history, political structure, religion, culture and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Bamana.html

24. Africa Indigenous People Baule africa, african Anthropology General Resources. By peoples Baule People The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d Ivoire. http://www.archaeolink.com/africa_indigenous_people_baule.htm

Baule Home Africa, African Anthropology General Resources By peoples Akan Akuapem Akye Anyi ... ArtWorld AFRICA - Baule "One of the Akan group sharing similar language and, in general, matrilineal inheritance. They broke away from the Asante of Ghana in the 18th century, bringing with them craftsmanship in gold and gold leaf decoration." - From University of Durham - http://artworld.uea.ac.uk/teaching_modules/africa/cultural_groups_by_country/baule/welcome.html Baule People "The Baule belong to the Akan peoples who inhabit Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire. Three hundred years ago the Baule people migrated westward from Ghana when the Asante rose to power. The tale of how they broke away from the Asante has been preserved in their oral traditions." You will find material related to history, culture, religion, political structure, art and more. - From University of Iowa - http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people/Baule.html Web archaeolink.com

25. Heart Of Darkness: : From Kongo To Congo: The History Of The Belgian Congo (To 1 Nilotic cattle herders from Eastern africa, joined the indigenous people. The arrival of the Bantu people made the first impact on the kongo region, http://caxton.stockton.edu/hod/history

Heart of Darkness: The Hypertext Annotation From Kongo to Congo: The History Of The Belgian Congo (To 1963) Within the Kongo during the first millennium B.C. a variety of groups lived and exchanged commodities. Bantu speaking peoples, Sudanic peoples, the Gbandi, the Ngbaka, the Zande and the Mangbetu, who were Nilotic cattle herders from Eastern Africa, joined the indigenous people. The Bantu people came from the Benue River in what is now Nigeria. They started arriving at about 1000 BC and continued to come for several centuries, well into the middle of the first millennium (Gondola 20-23). The Bantu people are credited with bringing many cultural developments to the Kongo area. They brought intensive agriculture, and metallurgy, which, is iron smelting. Because of these advances, food was abundant and now used in trade, which was something that had not happened before their arrival. The arrival of the Bantu people made the first impact on the Kongo region, and continues to impact the region even today (Gondola 23-25). Even before colonization of the Kongo, the people living in the region had a formal political structure throughout the country. This structure can be divided into four different groups: villages, districts, provinces, and finally kingdoms. Villages were comprised of kanda or the extended matrilineal line of families. Districts were groups of villages, headed by an official who was appointed by the king. Provinces were large, groups of districts watched over by a governor, also appointed by the king. Mani Kongo, or the king, would rule of the kingdom (Gondola 23-25).

26. Africa: Definition And Much More From Answers.com The terms to the indigenous peoples eventually came to describe a persons Roughly 20% of Africans primarily follow indigenous African religions. http://www.answers.com/topic/africa

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Dictionary Encyclopedia Geography WordNet Wikipedia Translations Best of Web Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping Africa Dictionary Af·ri·ca ăf rÄ­-kə The second-largest continent, lying south of Europe between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Africa has vast mineral resources, many of which are still undeveloped. var tcdacmd="cc=edu;dt"; Encyclopedia Africa ăf rÄ­kə ) , second largest continent, c.11,677,240 sq mi (30,244,050 sq km) including adjacent islands; 1997 est. pop. 743,000,000. Broad to the north (c.4,600 mi/7,400 km wide), Africa straddles the equator and stretches c.5,000 mi (8,050 km) from Cape Blanc (Tunisia) in the north to Cape Agulhas (South Africa) in the south. It is connected with Asia by the Sinai Peninsula (from which it is separated by the Suez Canal) and is bounded on the N by the Mediterranean Sea, on the W and S by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the E and S by the Indian Ocean. The largest offshore island is Madagascar; other islands include St. Helena and Ascension in the S Atlantic Ocean; S£o Tom©, Pr­ncipe, Annob³n, and Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea; the Cape Verde, Canary, and Madeira islands in the N Atlantic Ocean; and Mauritius, R©union, Zanzibar, Pemba, and the Comoros and Seychelles in the Indian Ocean. Geology and Geography The continent's largest rivers are the Nile (the world's longest river), the Congo, the Niger, the Zambezi, the Orange, the Limpopo, and the Senegal. The largest lakes are Victoria (the world's second largest freshwater lake), Tanganyika, Albert, Turkana, and Nyasa (or Malawi), all in E Africa; shallow Lake Chad, the largest in W Africa, shrinks considerably during dry periods. The lakes and major rivers (most of which are navigable in stretches above the escarpment of the plateau) form an important inland transportation system.

27. AllRefer.com - Zaire - The Kongo Peoples | Zaire Information Resource The kongo peoples. The kongo have long occupied all of BasZaïre Region. Officially Recognized Languages Other indigenous Languages ETHNIC GROUPS http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire68.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire The Kongo Peoples The Kongo have long occupied all of Bas-Zaïre Region. Most but not all of these peoples, together with substantial numbers in Angola and smaller numbers in Congo, were originally inhabitants of the kingdom of the Kongo encountered by the Portuguese in the late fifteenth century. For all practical purposes, that kingdom had disintegrated into a number of small chiefdoms by the early seventeenth century. The end of the kingdom's political power did not preclude the continuing spread of Kongo influence, however, and some groups may have become Kongo in culture later. Because of their early contact with Europeans, the Kongo were among the groups early and heavily influenced by Roman Catholic and Protestant missionaries and by the schools established by them. The Roman Catholics placed particular emphasis on the traditions of the Kongo as they understood them and in turn communicated these reconstructed traditions to their students. The complex interaction of myth, competition, and the ambition of some leaders of Kongo origin as the prospect of independence loomed made the Kongo the largest single group to define themselves in ethnic terms for political purposes in the late 1950s and one of the few to develop an articulate ethnic ideology (see The Rise of Militant Ethnicity: Abako , ch. 1).

28. AllRefer.com - Zaire - Traditional African Religions | Zaire Information Resourc The wide variety of African indigenous beliefs and practices makes generalizations peoples Between the Kwango and the Kasai The kongo peoples http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/zaire/zaire95.html

You are here allRefer Reference Zaire History ... Zaire Zaire Traditional African Religions The wide variety of African indigenous beliefs and practices makes generalizations difficult, but some commonalities may nonetheless be noted. In general, Zairians believe themselves to be subject to a number of unseen agents and forces. Most indigenous communities recognize a high god, and many attribute to him the role of creator; otherwise, he has few specific characteristics beyond that of ultimate cause. Far more significant are ancestors, who are believed to continue to play a part in community life long after their death. In general, the living are required to speak respectfully of ancestors and to observe certain rites of respect so that the dead will look favorably on their descendants' activities. Africans do not engage in ancestor "worship;" rather, the living address and relate to their deceased elders in much the same way that they relate to their living ones. Often the terms of address and the gifts given to placate a dead elder are identical to those accorded a living one. Nature spirits live in particular places, such as rivers, rocks, trees, or pools, or in natural forces such as wind and lightning. A typical practice involving a nature spirit in much of northern Zaire is the commonplace tossing of a red item (palm nut, cloth, matches, etc.) in a river before crossing it, particularly in places where the water is rough or turbulent. Thus placated, the spirit will refrain from stirring up the waters or overturning the boat.

29. Religions Of The World -- African practices based upon ancient indigenous faiths of subSaharan african peoples.Within the last 100 years in africa (see Table of Statistics) indigenous http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm

Interfaith Religion and Beliefs for an Internet Generation PORCH NUS The E-Zine of The Front Porch Religions of the World African Religions and Their Derivatives African and African-Derivative Religions are a large group of beliefs and practices based upon ancient indigenous faiths of sub-Saharan African peoples. Within the last 100 years in Africa (see Table of Statistics ) indigenous religion has declined under the influence of colonialism, Western acculturation and proselytizing by Islam and Christianity. In the African Diaspora (mainly in the Americas) African-derived belief systems are in a state of impressive growth. ithin just the last two years the amount of information made available through the Internet is also impressive. Some of the best information comes to us from Italy, Sweden and Brazil. We are no longer dependent upon reports from academia or encyclopedias. There are now numerous websites maintained by the faithful themselves and, while the quality and quantity of information varies enormously among them, one may now hear from practitioners their own statements of faith. In many, if not most, cases African spirituality has evolved in the Americas. Ancient practices brought westward by slaves became syncretized, more or less, with religious traditions of the slaves' masters. This syncretization is most noticeable in areas dominated by the Catholic faith and where the celebration of saints, votive offerings and other practices found parallels in ancient traditions.

30. Simon Kimbangu - Independent African Christianity At its height kongo was the biggest state in western Central africa. It cameto include mass murder of the indigenous people of kongo. http://www.katinkahesselink.net/his/Kimgangu.html

Simon Kimbangu Elaine M.Lumbu, 2005 Script Many people in Africa believe that in the beginning, when people were created, three people were present. They were Father, Son and Holy Spirit. They believe that the Garden of Eden was in Africa and that the first person was black. The first man and woman were very tall indeed, about 40 meters tall. Their bodies was decorated with precious metals like gold, silver and diamonds. They mirrored the glory and image of God the Father. They were beautiful, shining and sin free. They had His power and strength, and their words alone could move mountains. They had authority over all animals and were permitted to do all the work on earth. Satan tempted them and they ate from the forbidden fruits. Consequently God the Father punished them. They were kicked out of the Garden of Eden and had to perform hard labor and would bear children with much pain. After thousands of years Jesus Christ came to reconcile God and us. He was crucified and through His resurrection we now have a second opportunity to live again eternally. Jesus promised before he left to ask the Father to send us another Comforter / Helper, the Spirit of the Truth to live with us forever. This person would be greater and would do more than Jesus Himself. They believe that just as the Word became flesh and lived amongst us, so too did the Holy Spirit arrive in the form of Simon Kimbangu as the one promised to us as comforter. Introduction KIMBANGU Simon c.1887 to 1951

31. 15 Pre-scramble Period after a promising start in the Kingdom of the kongo (in modern Angola), and with their techniques of coercing the indigenous people. Trade in africa http://husky1.stmarys.ca/~wmills/course316/15Pre-scramble.html

Wallace G. Mills Hist. 316 15 Pre-scramble Period Pre-scramble Period (to 1800) - as we have noted earlier, European contacts with sub-Saharan Africa began with Portuguese exploration southward in the 2nd half of the 15th C. Vasco de Gama rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488; further exploration up east coast of Africa before the end of the 15th C. - during 16-18th C most of the typical European intruders had appeared: traders, missionaries, explorers and settlers (a number were involved in more than 1 activity). - white settlers had only come beginning in 1652 at the Cape; this immigration was small, just a few thousand over 150 years. Most of the growth (still only perhaps 50,000 or so by the end of the 18th C) was by natural increase. - penetration was limited, only about 500-600 miles east (mostly along the coast) from Cape Town by 1800. We shall discuss this more extensively in lecture 18 White Settlers in South Africa. - explorers were almost continuous; this was the early phase of European interest and expansion. - the interest was both commercial/economic and intellectual. The curiosity about the world was also resulting in the development of science (i.e., systematic observation and experimentation); Intellectual curiosity and economic interests were often interlinked; e.g., the foundations of biology were often linked with attempts to improve agriculture and farming.

32. Book Review: Democracy And Decentralisation In South Asia And West Africa In the absence of any african indigenous values informing africa s political In this book, kongo Political Culture, the author cites the Cameroonian http://www.expotimes.net/books/Macgaffey.htm

KEVIN McPHILLIPS TRAVEL The world's sole specialist in travel to and Sierra Leone CLICK HERE for more information GUARDSHIP LTD Money transfer and shipping CLICK HERE for details Shipping, forwarding Air sea freight Money transfer Tel: (020) 7231 9000 Fax: (020) 7231 5657 TransAfrica TEL/FAX: MOBILE CLICK HERE for details INDEPENDENT Sierra Leone, 8-21 Nov, 2000 Vol 6 No 18 EXPO TIMES Exposing today for tomorrow RETURN TO HOME PAGE INDEX OF BACK ISSUES BOOK REVIEW Reviewer: Kofi Akosah-Sarpong in Ottawa, Canada TITLE: KONGO POLITICAL CULTURE AUTHOR: Wyatt MacGaffey PUBLISHER: Indiana University Press, 601 North Morton Street, Bloomington, IN 47404-3797 USA. 2000 PAGES: 269 PRICE: US$39.95 From independence to date, Africans have practiced Socialism, Marxism, Communism, and all brands of democracy. Africans have practiced America’s Presidential system, the French system, and Britain’s Parliamentary system. All these have been imported by Africa's modernizing elite thought by their unsuspecting African followers as ‘educated", ‘learned’, ‘brilliant’, and all that. From Ghana’s Kwame Nkrumah to Guinea’s Sekou Toure to Ghana’s Kofi Busia to Kenya’s Jomo Kenyatta to Ethiopia’s Mengistu Haile Mariam to Malawi’s Kamuzu Banda to Benin Republic’s Mathieu Kerekou to Zambia’s Kenneth Kaunda Africa has seen not only the continuation of colonial values but also the deliberate copying of alien political values on Africans.

33. Traditions And Encounters | Table Of Contents kongo, powerful kingdom of central africa after fourteenth century Introducedfirearms; fostered conflict and violence between peoples; Dahomey, http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072424354/student_view0/chapter26/table_o

Student Center Instructor Center Information Center Home ... World History PowerWeb Choose a Chapter Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Chapter 24 Chapter 25 Chapter 26 Chapter 27 Chapter 28 Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapter 33 Chapter 34 Chapter 35 Chapter 36 Chapter 37 Chapter 38 Chapter 39 Chapter 40 Table of Contents Overview Interactive Maps Multiple Choice Quiz ... Web Links Feedback Help Center Traditions and Encounters, 2/e Jerry H. Bentley, University of Hawai'i Herbert F. Ziegler, University of Hawai'i AFRICA AND THE ATLANTIC WORLD Table of Contents African politics and societies in early modern times The states of west Africa and east Africa The Songhay empire was the dominant power of west Africa, replacing Mali Expansion under Songhay emperor Sunni Ali after 1464 Elaborate administrative apparatus, powerful army, and imperial navy Muslim emperors ruled prosperous land, engaged in trans-Saharan trade

34. Slave Routes - Europe Portugal The kongo was devastated by its relationship with Portugal. with between 2and 6 million indigenous peoples, living as farmers or huntergatherers. http://www.antislavery.org/breakingthesilence/slave_routes/slave_routes_portugal

Portugal EUROPE Introduction Denmark France Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain United Kingdom AFRICA Introduction Angola Benin Gambia Ghana Mozambique Nigeria Senegal Introduction Barbados Brazil Cuba Dominican Republic Haiti Jamaica Netherlands Antilles United States Prince Henry the Navigator Prince Henry the Navigator, the third son of the King of Portugal, was pivotal to early Portuguese exploration, navigation and science, inspiring an "Age of Discovery". He helped finance and organise many expeditions across the Atlantic, such as the one in 1415 to the North and West coasts of Africa, from which he learnt about trade in spices, gold and silver. The first slaves were brought to Portugal in 1441 for Prince Henry. Initially slaves were captured through outrageous means, including kidnapping and banditry. However Prince Henry ordered a change of practice, and so trading for slaves between Africans and Europeans became the norm. Slavery in Portugal Back to top Prince Henry established a slave market & fort in Arguin Bay in 1445 and they were brought back to Portugal. When a large slave auction was held in Lagos in that same year it was described by one witness as a "terrible scene of misery and disorder". By 1455 800 Africans were transported to Portugal annually.

35. Forest Forum africa s largest rainforest blankets the Democratic Republic of Congo indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities http://elonmerkki.net/dyn/forum/thread/?id=137

36. H-Net Review: Randal Maurice Jelks Not every society in West africa promoted slavery. The smaller peoples ( the Was there no indigenous antislavery ideology that developed among the less http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=30602988054434

37. Search The Standards Database political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of africa, Europe, Understands the consequences of European interaction with indigenous http://www.mcrel.org/compendium/Benchmark.asp?SubjectID=6&StandardID=29

38. Sticks, Stones, Roots And Bones Hoodoo- An American Magical Tradition kongo, Suku, and Yaka people of Central africa create some excellent examples of indigenous people are vary adaptable. ATR s have been able to adapt, http://altreligion.about.com/library/weekly/aa091603b.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Alternative Religions Alternative Religions Essentials ... Help w(' ');zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/7.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Alternative Religions newsletter! See Online Courses Search Alternative Religions Hoodoo- An American magical tradition Email to a friend Printer friendly version Related Resources Hoodoo Afro-Caribbean syncretic religion African religions Glossary Elsewhere on the net Articles by Stephanie Rose Bird Afro-Caribbean Religions: Continuity and Change About Subscribe to the Free Newsletter Your Email Address: Ashe, Mojo, everyday Hoodoo You describe Ashe as the power of nature. Can you elaborate? Ashe is a Yoruban term; Yoruba are a group of people who originated in and around Nigeria. Ashe is the invisible power of nature represented in all natural products and organic objects.

39. New Page 1 kongo – Chika Okeke Maasai – Tiyambe Zeleza Songhay – Tunde Adeleke The Yorabaof West africa – Jamie Hetfield indigenous People of the World – Grolier http://www.africacentre.org/Resource Center -Children and Juvenile Literature.ht

Africa Centre 1405 Arapahoe Ave, Boulder, CO 80302 Tel: 303 442 2637 info@africacentre.org Home Resource Library Internet Links ... Contact Us Resources - Books : Children/Juvenile Literature this is a partial list of Children/Juvenile Literature) Africa Centre has a vast collection of 2000+ books, hundreds of films and videos, journals, posters, curriculum guides, artifacts, maps and more. We are in the process of cataloging our entire resource collection - When complete this catalog, will be available in our library as well as online. In the meantime please feel free to come and browse our collections or phone us 303 442 2637 Country and Continent Studies Countries of the World - Capstone Press Kenya – Michael Dah Ghana - Lucile Davis South Africa – Michael Dah Tanzania – Patricia Murphy Egypt – Kathleen Deady Somalia – Mike Graf Ethiopia – Muriel DuBois Nigeria – Kristin Thoennes A Look At - Pebble Books / Capstone Press Egypt – Helen frost Kenya – Helen Frost Kwanza – Lola Schaefer Country Fact Files – Raintree Steck-Vaughn Southern Africa – Nick Middleton West Africa –Tony Binns and Rob Bowden East Africa Rob Bowden and Tony Binns Families Around the World - Raintree Steck-Vaughn A Family from South Africa – Jen GreenA Family from Ethiopia – Julia Waterlow First Reports – Compass Books South Africa - Lucia Raatma Kenya – Lucia Raatma Egypt – Shirley Gray Welcome to Kenya- Compass Books Steadwell Books World Tour – Raintree Steck-Vaughn South Africa – Tony Leslie Kenya – Patrick Daley

40. Capoeira - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Alternatively, kongo scholar K. Kia Bunseki FuKiau thinks that capoeira could be a Some historians believe that the indigenous peoples of Brazil also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capoeira

Capoeira From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Capoeira or the Dance of War by Johann Moritz Rugendas, 1835 Capoeira is an Afro Brazilian martial art developed initially by African slaves in Brazil, starting in the colonial period . It is marked by deft, tricky movements often played on the ground or completely inverted. It also has a strong acrobatic component in some versions and is always played with music. The word capoeira has a few meanings, one of which is an area of forest or jungle that has been cleared by burning or cutting down. Alternatively, Kongo scholar K. Kia Bunseki Fu-Kiau thinks that capoeira could be a deformation of the Kikongo word kipura , which means to flutter, to flit from place to place; to struggle, to fight, to flog. In particular, the term is used to describe rooster's movements in a fight. There are two main styles of capoeira that are clearly distinct. One is called Angola , which is characterized by slow, low play with particular attention to the rituals and tradition of capoeira. The other style is Regional (pronounced 'heh-jeeh-oh-nahl'), known for its fluid acrobatic play, where technique and strategy are the key points. Both styles are marked by the use of feints and subterfuge, and use groundwork extensively, as well as sweeps, kicks, and headbutts.

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