81. Mots Pluriels Shirley Lim kom begins by suggesting that contemporary African debates on democracy have In the cultural sphere of East Asia, young Hong Kong people imitate the http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/MotsPluriels/MP1400sl.html

no 14 - June 2000. http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/MotsPluriels/MP1400sl.html "Global Asia" as post-legitimation: A response to Ambroise Kom's "Knowledge and legitimation" Shirley Lim University of Hong Kong. A mbroise Kom's "Knowledge and Legitimation" appears to be written from the century that has just passed, self-located as it is "at the end of the millennium." Unsurprisingly, therefore, it possesses a note of exhaustion arising from intense frustration and an overwhelming sense of failure: the "multidimensional failure" of institutions, states, and economies in Africa. His piece indicts not simply one society or some nations, but the entire continent. Kom asks rhetorically, "Today, just as in the past, doesn't everything happen as if most countries in Africa were irremediably extrovert, the quest for knowledge being organised mainly so as to be able to claim some sort of extracontinental legitimacy?" That I find this question astonishing testifies to my ignorance of what is occurring in African countries. The same question would make little sense today in large Asian states such as China, Japan, India, and Indonesia, and also in smaller states such as South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore. Comparison is beyond my abilities as a cultural commentator. It needs to be noted however, that it is difficult, if not impossible, to generalize about the continent of Asia in the way that Kom does with Africa. A number of Asian countries, for example, were never conventionally colonized, as in the case of China, Japan and Thailand. Still, all these countries experienced histories of traumatic contact with Western powers: China, for example, suffered a series of humiliating defeats and loss of territory to many European powers and Japan was occupied by American forces after the end of the Pacific War. Thus, my statements are partial and there will be exceptions and qualifiers that this brief commentary will not be able to cover.

82. The Case Against New Fossil Fuel Exploration There is a huge new boom in oil exploration throughout Central africa. Once construction begins, we ll see an uncontrollable influx of people in search http://www.ran.org/oilreport/africa.html

Drilling to the Ends of the Earth the case against new fossil fuel exploration Offshore Boom, Onshore Impact: Central Africa Order report Contents Introduction How Much Oil Is There? The Changing Climate Frontier Ecosystems ... Conclusion Boxes The Gas Gamble Voices From The Frontier The Numbers Case Studies Western Amazon Central Africa South East Asia Russia Appendices Map Of Impacted Areas Kyoto Declaration "West Africa is probably the most dynamic offshore play in the world today." - Offshore Magazine There is a huge new boom in oil exploration throughout Central Africa. Following the end of the cold war rivalries in the region and the development of new technologies in the last decade, oil companies are falling over themselves to offer lucrative contracts to governments in Cameroon, Chad, the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Angola. The World Bank plans to fund an oil pipeline through Central African rainforests that will bring huge profits to Shell, Exxon, and Elf while causing environmental havoc and threatening local populations - all with U.S. taxpayers backing the deal. The oil companies are about to build a 600-mile pipeline from the Doba oil fields in Chad to coastal Cameroon, slashing through fragile rainforest that is home to the Baka and Bakola peoples, communities of traditional hunter-gatherers. Oil industry experts say the pipeline could deliver between 150,000 and 250,000 barrels per day from the Kom, Miandoum, Bolobo and Sdigui fields. "Once construction begins, we'll see an uncontrollable influx of people in search of work - the result will be deforestation, wildlife poaching, and the loss of community land," says Environmental Defense Fund economist Korinna Horta.

83. Denying Democracy, Denying Development: The Case Of Zimbabwe The signatories to this Statement are African Services Committee; Our landhad been stolen from us the indigenous people, by agents of the British http://www.unwatch.org/speeches/Subcom-Zimbabwe.html

Home JOINT NGO STATEMENT African Services Committee International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW) 8 de Marzo CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation Tarumitra United Nations Watch Freedom House VIVAT International Hope For Africa International (On Behalf of All Branches in Africa Volunteerism Organization For Women Education and Development (VIDES) International Council of Jewish Women TH SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS SUB-COMMISSION ON THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS GENEVA ITEM 3: ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE, RULE OF LAW AND DEMOCRACY GENEVA, 2 AUGUST 2005 Denying Democracy, Denying Development: The Case of Zimbabwe Statement Delivered by Michael W. Inlander, UN Watch (To see a RealPlayer video of the remarks, please click here Introduction Mr. Chairperson, My name is Michael Inlander, and I am a Richard and Rhoda Goldman Fellow at UN Watch. I am delivering the following Joint NGO Statement today on behalf of an international coalition of non-governmental organizations and human rights activists, reflecting a significant and diverse cross-section of civil society. The signatories to this Statement are: African Services Committee; Associated Country Women of the World (ACWW); CIVICUS: World Alliance for Citizen Participation; Council For A Community of Democracies;

84. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES Volunteers live together and work on indigenous development projects An interesting option is volunteer program for groups of 5 to 50 people from http://www.camden.rutgers.edu/dept-pages/pubpol/opportun.html

International Development Opportunities Compiled by David A. Pettrone Swalve Preface: The purpose of this compilation is to open the door of opportunities toward the practical application of the skills you will have acquired upon completion of the course work through the Graduate Department of Public Policy and Administration. You alone must devise your strategy for examination of opportunitiesthis is just a start. This is not my work, this is a compilation, the only work I did was to go to various sources and accumulate. I have included a list of sources and recommended readings at the end which will aid you in a medley of ways. Thanks goes out to Dr. James Garnett and Dr. Jennifer Coston for their assistance in putting this compilation together. I wish them luck as they direction us toward our future. Best David A. Pettrone Swalve Public Administration Student Association Internships Placements Careers MISCELLANEOUS LINKS IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASIA NET http://www.asia-net.com CANADA WorkWeb http://www.cacee.com/workweb

85. JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 To 16) Many people in Western cultures view African objects as culturally foreign These conclusions presenting a possible African view of indigenous material http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic31-01-002.html

JAIC 1992, Volume 31, Number 1, Article 2 (pp. 03 to 16) THE EXHIBITION AND CONSERVATION OF AFRICAN OBJECTS: CONSIDERING THE NONTANGIBLE STEPHEN P. MELLOR 1 INTRODUCTION Some specific examples in African art where nontangible attributes might have an effect on treatment decisions can be seen in the following: Should we look inside a Yoruba beaded crown (fig. 1), considered to be the premier piece of divine regalia, to mend the textile lining (fig. 2), or lend slides of its interior to the education department, when in cultural context it is forbidden for anyone, including the king, to view the interior? Should we secure loose and detached fragments of sacrificial patination on a Bamana Komo headdress (fig. 3), when the amount and thickness of this incrustation (fig. 4) are directly related to the degree and effectiveness of its cultural power? How do we justify the public exhibition of an Igala shrine figure (fig. 9), which would have been restricted from public view and seen only by people of a specific age, sex, or initiate? Fig. 1. Crown, Yoruba peoples, Nigeria, Glass beads, basketry, textile, vegetable fiber, metal, H 30 ¾ in (78. 1cm). NMAfA 24-1989-01 (private lender). Photograph by Jeffrey Ploskonka

86. Counter Information No. 49 WRITE WSF, PO Box 1717, Rosettenville, 2130 South africa. 5000 indigenouspeople have decided to comitt suicide if Occidental Petroleum violate their http://www.counterinfo.org/archive/ci49.htm

87. Toespraak Geleentheid , africa Dialogue Lecture Series. Datum , 21/10/2002 Indigenouspeoples, finally, share all the characteristics of national minorities but http://www.vryheidsfront.co.za/a/toespraak.asp?language=a&offset=60&id=58

88. MORKEL OPENING ADDRESS OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE SECOND After all we are the home of the indigenous people of colour. The predominantbeing, Christian, Islamic, Jewish, African Traditional and even a few http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2000/000209948a1004.htm

89. G Lucas Launch Of National Symbols Booklet indigenous knowledge is therefore not to be taught as something apart. It is partof the history of people as much as it is about people. http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2004/04100109451006.htm

90. Barbara Buntman Seeing Ourselves Exploring The Possibilities Of fig 3 /Khomani people at the exhibition Miscast, , South African National indigenous Southern African hunter gatherers who belong to the African http://www.abdn.ac.uk/chags9/1Buntman.htm

91. MSN Encarta - Suriname (country) With a population of 438144 (2005 estimate), Suriname has fewer people than any Suriname has one university, the Anton de kom University of Suriname, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573549_2/Suriname_(country).html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Paramaribo, capital of Suriname arts, music, and literature more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Suriname (country) Search for books and more related to Suriname (country) Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Suriname (country) Encarta Search Search Encarta about Suriname (country) Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Suriname (country) ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 5 Suriname (country) Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 10 items Dynamic Map Map of Suriname (country) Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources People Economy ... History C Environmental Issues The government of Suriname has set aside some land for nature reserves. However, lack of funding limits effective management of the system. The Central Suriname Nature Reserve, created in 1998, covers 1.6 million hectares (nearly 4 million acres) of tropical forest. Deforestation by the timber industry is a growing environmental problem. The most pressing issue in Suriname is the proposed sale of vast tracts of virgin forest—up to 40 percent of the nation's land—to logging companies from Southeast Asia. The government wants to use profits from forest resources to offset rapidly increasing inflation and unemployment. Environmentalists, on the other hand, are encouraging ecotourism as an alternative industry and pushing for sustainable forest use.

92. The Cultural Anthropology Of Middle America The Miskito people are descendants of Indians and fleeing African slaves and now They do not have an overt indigenous aspect and the people reject any http://www.oakland.edu/~dow/personal/papers/meso/ca_of_ma.html

The Cultural Anthropology of Middle Middle America Middle America is the culture area that includes all the cultures south of the United States to the borders of Columbia. This is an area of 433,784 sq. km that contained a population of 122,656,331 people in 1992. Geography Altitudes in other parts of Middle America vary between sea level and 5,747 m. (18,855 ft) creating a wide variety of temperatures. Rainfall in Middle America also varies widely. Steady easterly trade winds blowing across the Gulf of Mexico deposit large amounts of rain against the eastern escarpment of the Mesa Central and support tropical cloud and rain forest environments. Interior rain shadows make other parts of Middle America, such as the north central plateau of Mexico, into deserts. The north of Mexico is very dry and supported few native cultures. Although agriculture is difficult in the north, the aboriginal inhabitants cleverly adapted it to these dry environments by making use of what rain runoff there was in the valleys and by using river water for irrigation. Today expanded irrigation in the river systems has greatly improved agricultural productivity in the north. South of the Mesa Central the land is lower. It continues to be mountainous until one reaches the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, a low plain connecting the Atlantic with the Pacific coast. The region between the Mesa Central and the Isthmus of Tehuantepec contains two important culture areas: Morelos where temperature and climate favored commercial agriculture, particularly sugar cane, in the last century, and Oaxaca with less rainfall and a warmer temperature. Oaxaca has large Indian populations today.

93. AfricanPoetry have developed within the African people s tradition of poetry. indigenousAfrican poetic techniques. Angus Calder, Jack Mapanje, and Cosmo Pieterse http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/anglistik/kerkhoff/AfricanLit/AfricanPoetry.htm

Main Page Introduction The Course Authors ... Contact Poetry Introduction Themes Archives Introduction Older Generation (Soyinka etc.) and newer generations. Importance of orality. The poetics of social change. Themes Exile (see Kofi Anyidoho, The Word Behind Bars), thepan-African literary experience (Anyidoho) Archives Tanure Ojaide. "New trends in modern African poetry." (New Voices in African Literature) ( Research in African Literatures Poetry in Africa is generally believed to be currently enjoying an unprecedented creative outburst and popularity. More and more people are taking their poetry writing seriously, many encouraged by poetry workshops. In addition to a wider readership of poetry books, large audiences attend reading sessions. Publicized prizes such as the Commonwealth Poetry Prize, the Noma Award, and the All-Africa Okigbo Prize for Poetry won by poets in recent years have exposed new African poetry and generated much interest in a branch of literature hitherto condemned as elitist, intellectual, difficult, and obscure.

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