81. Korean History:: A Bibliography :::::: [Bibliography Home] CKS HOME Korean history A Bibliography history Index ancient Koreanjapanese Relations The Cambridge history of japan, Volume 1 ancient japan. http://www.hawaii.edu/korea/bibliography/ancient_Kor_Jap_relations.htm

Korean History: A Bibliography Compiled by Kenneth R. Robinson Maintained by The Center for Korean Studies, University of Hawai`i CKS HOME Korean History: A Bibliography Ancient Korean-Japanese Relations Akima, Toshio. "The Myth of the Goddess of the Undersea World and the Tale of Empress Jingu's Subjugation of Silla." Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 20:2-3 (September 1993): 95-185. Aoki, Michiko Y. Ancient Myths and Early History of Japan: A Cultural Foundation . New York: Exposition Press, 1974. Aoki, Michiko Y. "Empress Jingu: The Shamaness Ruler." In Chieko Irie Mulhern, ed. Heroic with Grace: Legendary Women of Japan . Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991.

82. INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDY Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi, Classical Archaeology and ancient history. Rainer Brunner University of Notre Dame, history of Modern japan http://www.hs.ias.edu/04-05memlist.htm

School of Historical Studies Members Visitors , and Research Assistants *=first term only, **=second term only, =both Member and Visitor, =joint Member with School of Natural Sciences Members Kazim Abdullaev* Institute of Archaeology, Samarkand, Art and Archaeology of Central Asia Maroun Aouad** Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris Islamic Philosophy Karl Appuhn New York University, Early Modern Environmental History Robert Bjork Arizona State University, Old English Literature Octavian Bounegru** Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi, Classical Archaeology and Ancient History Rainer Brunner University of Freiburg, Islamic Studies Tian Yu Cao Boston University, History of Science Matteo Casini* University of Padua, History of the Republic of Venice Wejen Chang** Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Chinese Legal History and Jurisprudence Indrani Chatterjee Rutgers University, South Asian Social History Raffaella Cribiore* Columbia University, Ancient Education; Papyrology Serafina Cuomo** Imperial College London, History of Ancient Science and Technology Paolo Desideri Università degli Studi di Firenze

83. Social Studies School Service Search Results List Keyword ancient japan Resource Type Products Subject World history history S ancient LEGACIES Series Three japan. Helps students connect modern http://catalog.socialstudies.com/c/@8WpxtsuR8zMTM/Pages/search.html?Record_Type=

84. The Abacus: A Brief History The evolution of the abacus can be divided into three ages ancient Times, The 1/4 abacus, a style preferred and still manufactured in japan today, http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/history.html

A Brief History of the Abacus Abacus is a Latin word that has its origins in the Greek words abax or abakon (meaning "table" or "tablet") which in turn, possibly originated from the Semitic word abq , meaning "sand" Why does the abacus exist? It is difficult to imagine counting without numbers, but there was a time when written numbers did not exist. The earliest counting device was the human hand and its fingers. Then, as larger quantities (larger than ten human-fingers could represent) were counted, various natural items like pebbles and twigs were used to help count. Merchants who traded goods not only needed a way to count goods they bought and sold, but also to calculate the cost of those goods. Until numbers were invented, counting devices were used to make everyday calculations. The abacus is one of many counting devices invented to help count large numbers. The difference between a counting board and an abacus It is important to distinguish the early abacuses (or abaci) known as counting boards from the modern abaci. The counting board is a piece of wood, stone or metal with carved grooves or painted lines between which beads, pebbles or metal discs were moved. The abacus is a device, usually of wood (plastic, in recent times), having a frame that holds rods with freely-sliding beads mounted on them. Both the abacus and the counting board are mechanical aids used for counting; they are not calculators in the sense we use the word today. The person operating the abacus performs calculations in their head and uses the abacus as a physical aid to keep track of the sums, the carrys, etc.

85. Powell's Books - World History-Japan The World of the Shining Prince Court Life in ancient japan (Kodansha Globe) A Short history of japan From Samurai to Sony (Short history of Asia http://www.powells.com/subsection/WorldHistoryJapan.html

@import url(/css/global.css); @import url(/css/secondary.css); Skip navigation items, $0.00 Browse Sections Bestsellers New Arrivals Sale ... Windows World History Writing view all sections... Japan There are 1152 books in this aisle. Browse the aisle by Title by Author by Price See recently arrived used books in this aisle. Featured Titles in World History -Japan: Page 1 of 38 next Used Trade Paper List Price $14.95 add to wish list The Rape of Nanking by Iris Chang Publisher Comments In December 1937, the Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking. Within weeks, more than 300,000 Chinese civilians were systematically raped, tortured, and murdered a death toll exceeding that of the atomic blasts of Hiroshima and Nagasaki... read more about this title check for other copies Sale Trade Paper List Price $16.00 add to wish list The World of the Shining Prince: Court Life in Ancient Japan (Kodansha Globe) by Ivan Morris Book News Annotation **** Reprint of the 1964 edition (which is cited in BCL3) with a new introduction by Barbara Ruch. Morris recounts and comments upon the world of Lady Murasaki. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)...

86. Ancient Coins Alter Japan's Cash History ancient coins alter japan s cash history. japan s money economy began earlier than textbooks have described, archaeologists said Tuesday in unveiling 33 http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news102.htm

The Japan Times, January 20, 1999 Ancient coins alter Japan's cash history Japan's money economy began earlier than textbooks have described, archaeologists said Tuesday in unveiling 33 bronze coins from the late seventh century recently unearthed in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture. According to the Nara National Research Institute of Cultural Properties, the coins, discovered last August at the Asukaike Ruins in Asuka, are older than the Wado Kaichin coins first minted in 708, thus bumping them from the archaeological record books as the nation's first circulated money. The bronze coins, whose existence has been known for some time, are called Fuhonsen, the name of a charm believed used during the Nara Period (710-784). The time at which Fuhonsen coins were minted falls into the Fujiwarakyo Period (694-710), which is based in modern-day Kashihara, Nara Prefecture, where three sovereigns Empress Jito Emperor Monmu and Empress Genmei once held court. The research institute said the latest findings prove that Fujiwarakyo was aimed at creating a polity with solid political and economical structures based on the Taiho Code (Taiho Ritsuryo) of 701. The code consisted of six volumes of penal law (ritsu) and 11 volumes of administrative law (ryo), modeled after the legal code of China's Tang Dynasty (618-907).

87. Ancient Coins Alter Japan's Cash History The threat posed by China s Tang dynasty prompted japan to boost the to the Korean Peninsula to aid Paekche, one of three kingdoms in ancient Korea, http://www.trussel.com/prehist/news103.htm

The Japan Times, January 21, 1999 SEVENTH CENTURY COINS Old currency prompted by Tang threat The threat posed by China's Tang dynasty prompted Japan to boost the state's economic strength by minting its first coins in the late seventh century, earlier than previously believed, according to an archaeologist at a national research institute. The Nara National Research Institute of Cultural Properties announced this week that 33 Fuhonsen coins, which were found in August at the site of the Fujiwarakyo court in Asuka, Nara Prefecture, date from the late seventh century. The finding, which rocked the archaeological and historical world, negates the belief that the issuance of Wado Kaichin coins in 708 marked the birth of Japan's money economy. In the late seventh century, China was the only part of Asia that minted coins, known as Kaigen Tsuho, which were used also in present-day Vietnam until the late 10th century and on the Korean Peninsula until the early 12th century. The Fujiwarakyo court, which ruled much of Japan at the time, cast coins because it was in a position somewhat similar to the one Japan was in before the 1868 Meiji Restoration, reckoned Hiroyuki Kaneko of the institute. At the end of the Edo Period in the mid-19th century, the Tokugawa shogunate feared that Western powers might attempt to colonize Japan.

88. Jitsuka: Ancient History Of Ju-jitsu The history of Jujitsu from ancient times to the Jitsu Foundation. It first touches history in The Chronicle of japan . This was written in 720 AD and http://www.jitsuka.org/jitsuka/history2.htm

Home Articles History of Ju-Jitsu > Ancient History Legendary History Ancient History How old is Ju-jitsu? The beginning of the Samurai ... The Jitsu Foundation Ancient History How old is Ju-jitsu? In fact, there is no single source of Juj-itsu. Its history is one of convergence not divergence. The best answer to the question "How old is Ju-jitsu?" is simply "It depends on what you call Ju-jitsu". There is no magic syllabus which contains it and nor has there been a time when people stopped adding or discarding techniques. Another problem, is that some people use the term to describe very specific schools while other people use it as a general term for all the Japanese fighting arts. What we can say is that humans have always fought each other. So unarmed combat has always existed in Japan as it has everywhere else. It first touches history in "The Chronicle of Japan". This was written in 720 AD and mentions a contest of unarmed fighting taking place in 230 BC. This event is claimed as the beginning of Sumo. But this is not really evidence of the systematic study of a recognisable system. For evidence of that we have to wait for the

89. A Detailed History Of Bonsai... A detailed history of bonsai and how this simple art has evolved through the ages. In an ancient japanese scroll written in japan around the Kamakura http://www.bonsaisite.com/history1.html

A Detailed History of Bonsai... Bonsai first appeared in China over a thousand years ago on a very basic scale, known as pun-sai , where it was the practice of growing single specimen trees in pots. These early specimens displayed sparse foliage and rugged, gnarled trunks which often looked like animals, dragons and birds. There are a great number of myths and legends surrounding Chinese bonsai, and the grotesque or animal-like trunks and root formations are still highly prized today. Chinese bonsai come from the landscape of the imagination and images of fiery dragons and coiled serpents take far greater precedence over images of trees- so the two forms of this art are quite far apart. With Japan's adoption of many cultural trademarks of China - bonsai was also taken up, introduced to Japan during the Kamakura period (1185 - 1333) by means of Zen Buddhism - which at this time was rapidly spreading around Asia. The exact time is debatable, although it is possible that it had arrived in AD 1195 as there appears to be a reference to it in a Japanese scroll attributed to that period. Once bonsai was introduced into Japan, the art was refined to an extent not yet approached in China. Over time, the simple trees were not just confined to the Buddhist monks and their monasteries, but also later were introduced to be representative of the aristocracy - a symbol of prestige and honour. The ideals and philosophy of bonsai were greatly changed over the years. For the Japanese, bonsai represents a fusion of strong ancient beliefs with the Eastern philosophies of the harmony between man, the soul and nature.

90. Japan Today - News - China Bans Anti-Japan Protests On Sensitive Dates - Japan's Just as japan tries to brain wash its young by whitewashing its history, and turn itself SEVENTY YEARS ago, ancient history No other country on earth http://www.japantoday.com/e/?content=news&cat=1&id=345940

91. Exhibition Of New Items In The Collection The history of Writing in ancient japan From the Golden Stamp to Documents from. Sponsored by National Museum of japanese history(REKIHAKU), http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/e_news/index64/

REKIHAKU 20th Anniversary Exhibition Ancient Japanese writing symbols [From the Golden Stamp to Documents from the Shoso-in Sponsored by: National Museum of Japanese History( REKIHAKU ), Asahi Shimbun Dates: Tuesday, March 19 Sunday, June 9, 2002 Location: Special Exhibition Hall Admission: General: 830 yen *(560 yen) High school and college students: 450 yen (250 yen) Elementary and junior high school students: 250 yen (130 yen) * figures in parenthesis are for groups of 20 or more. Go to the original page in Japanese Outline This exhibition has the following four objectives. To explain the process of how Japan, which had no written language, received written characters from China and how it was possible for Japan to develop its own system of writing while under the strong influence of ancient Korea. At the beginning of the 8th century, that foreign influence planted the seed for Japanese works such as Kojiki, Nihon Shoki, Man'yoshu and the "world of documents from the Shoso-in" . Documents from the Shoso-in are indispensable, basic research materials for the study of ancient Japanese history. However, they are only displayed to the public on special occasions. There are few examples in the world of a huge collection of 1,200-year-old writings preserved in good condition. This is why we are taking on the task of reproducing in finest detail about 800 of

92. NAGANO '98 Kids' Info Center A kids' information site from the Nagano Olympics, has basic information on the establishment and use of roads from c. 700. http://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/nagano/atlas/a-8.html

Kaido: The Ancient Roads of Japan Japan began to develop a nationwide network of roads from around the 7th century to carry foot, horseback, and wheeled traffic and transport goods between towns and villages. The major thoroughfares connecting the capital of Kyoto with the provinces were called kaido. There were seven kaido. The principal ones were the westbound route from Kyoto, the San'yodo, and the eastbound route, the Tokaido. These historical names have been preserved in the names of railway lines such as the San'yo and Tokaido Shinkansen routes that combine to link Kyushu with Tokyo. As time passed, lodgings for travelers along these highways grew into towns and routes that avoided steep passes came into being, so that traveling became easier. But construction of bridges and operation of ferries across some rivers were prohibited for reasons of military defense, and travelers were carried over on the shoulders of porters.

93. Ancient Japan Contents ancient japan Contents Internet Resources on japan Administration About ancient japan Bibliography of Sources Copyright Notices http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/CONTENTS.HTM

94. Kagura With overview, photos, and Realaudio example of some of japan's oldest music. http://aris.ss.uci.edu/rgarfias/gagaku/kagura.html

Kagura: The Japanese Ancient Sacred Music Kagura is characterized by purity and cleanliness. In austere and natural settings, ancient dances made as offerings to entertain the gods, often in setting in which no one other than the performers themselves are allowed to witness. The grounds of a Shinto shrine can be a simple structure as in many village or in the neighborhood shrines of big cities. Many of the large ones are afftected by local style and even take on some stylistic elements from Buddhist temples. The two oldest and most revered are the shrine of the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu-no O-Mikami at Ise and the shrine of Susanoo no O-Mikoto at Izumo. The Shrine at Izumo is great complex of structures in natural wood. These buildings retain elements which are thought to reflect architectural types going back to times preceeding the introduction of Chinese culture in the 6th Century. The Izumo Shrine The word, kagura, means "place of the gods" but it is written with characters which mean "music of the gods". Kagura, whether it is performed in the sacred prencints of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo or in some small village shrine, always signifies a musical performance intended as an offering and an entertainment to the ancient gods of Japan.

95. Nobumitsu's Toshokan Resource for recreating ancient japan in the Society for Creative Anachronism. http://www.angelfire.com/on3/sanazami/

Nobumitsu's Toshokan setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "angelfire.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Angelfire Movie Clips Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Nobumitsu's Toshokan I have moved the site to a new server, this page will redirect you to HTTP://sazanami.halberd.org in 20 seconds.. if not, click HERE

96. Women And Women's Communities In Ancient Japan Extended discussion of historical role of women in ancient japan based on their diaries and other literary works. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/ANCJAPAN/WOMEN.HTM

97. ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: Contents Professor, Department of Art history, Sweet Briar College, Virginia. WEBSITE STATISTICS japan Korea Laos Malaysia Nepal Pakistan Singapore Sri Lanka http://witcombe.sbc.edu/ARTHLinks.html

Prehistoric Art Prehistoric Art: General Paleolithic Art Mesolithic Art ... Books, Reviews, Bibliographies Designed and Maintained by Dr. Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe Professor, Department of Art History, Sweet Briar College, Virginia WEBSITE STATISTICS RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ART HISTORY Online since October 24, 1995 Contents Prehistoric Ancient Near East Ancient Egypt Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Mesopotamian Sumerian Akkadian Neo-Sumerian Babylonian Hittite Elamite Assyrian Neo-Babylonian Achaemid Persian Sassanian Egyptian Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Art in Early Europe Aegean Cycladic Minoan Mycenaean Greek Hellenistic Etruscan Roman Scythian Celtic Iron-Age Europe Viking Middle Ages 15th Century 16th Century Early Christian Byzantine Islamic Early Medieval Carolingian Ottonian Romanesque Gothic Late Gothic in Italy Early Renaissance Northern Renaissance High Renaissance Mannerism Northern Renaissance 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century Baroque Late Baroque Rococo Neo-Classicism Romanticism Romanticism Neo-Classicism Realism Pre-Raphaelites Arts and Crafts Realism Impressionism Post-Impressionism Neo-Impressionism Pointillism Symbolism Art Nouveau 20th Century 21st Century Fauvism Expressionism Cubism Futurism Dada Surrealism Abstract Expressionism Pop Art Op Art Minimalism Performance Art Environmental Art Neo-Expressionism Post-modernism Contemporary Art Museums Centers Institutes Journals Reviews Prints Posters Photographs Asia Africa Asia Afghanistan Burma Cambodia

98. Ancient Of Days Antiques And Collectibles Inventory includes childrens books, Homer Laughlin, Royal Albert Memory Lane, stoneware, occupied japan, pottery and toys. http://www.tias.com/stores/ada/

CONTACT VIEW CART ABOUT US FAQ ... HOME Welcome: We are located in the Beautiful Pacific Northwest. It is my goal to provide Great Antique and Collectible items to you at resonable prices, with the best service possible. We have a nice selection of goods for you to select from. Inventory includes Childrens books, Homer Laughlin, Royal Albert Memory Lane, Stoneware, Occupied Japan Figurines, and Fine Porcelain. I accept Visa and Mastercard through PayPal. Satisfactions always a guarentee. What are you looking for? Match All Words Browse Our Store Our Newest Additions Join our Mailing List AVON REPRESENTATIVE AWARDS ... Toys-Vintage-Puzzles We accept Checks and Money Orders We also accept PayPal.com Store Home Site History Contact FAQ / Policies ... Join our Mailing List Ancient of Days Antiques and Collectibles Contact us! 6182 Old Guide Rd. Bellingham, WA 98226 United States Updated Thursday, September 08 2005

99. Kitora Kofun Explored Referenced article exploring this ancient Japanese kofun (burial mound). Astrological charts have been determined from the star paintings inside the tomb. http://www2.gol.com/users/stever/kitora.htm

Kitora Kofun A Detailed Astronomical Star Chart in an Ancient Japanese Tomb By Steve Renshaw and Saori Ihara Revised September, 2002 As mentioned in the supplement to our article on Takamatsu Zuka Kofun The Controversy Continues , historians and archaeologists have long thought that more tombs nearby might contain similar "star paintings". One such tomb, located about 1 kilometer to the South of Takamatsu Zuka Kofun and named Kitora Kofun has now been explored. The tomb has not been actually entered but rather probed with sub-miniature camera. Archaeological dating places its construction within the same Asuka period (7th to early 8th centuries) as Takamatsu Zuka Kofun . While there are some remarkable similarities, there are also some anomalous differences in the paintings of the two tombs. Kitora Kofun (Kitora Tumulus) seen from South Looking North. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Kitora Kofun from the East Side. Only the front of the tomb mound can be seen. The actual tomb is located in the lower (larger) mound directly under the upper (smaller) mound and is aligned North/South. (Photo by Steve Renshaw) Composite of Images Showing the Inside of Kitora Kofun . (From Research Report of Cultural Heritage in Asuka Village Vol. 3; Scientific Research on Kitora Tumulus

100. City Planning System Of The Ancient Bohai (Parhae) State (Summary) Using Corona satellite photos, Noboru Ogata, Kyoto University japan, studied city plans of an ancient kingdom which existed in northeastern China (7th 10th century AD). http://www.users.kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~p51987/Bohai/summary-E.html

Japanese A Study of the City Planning System of the Ancient Bohai State Using Satellite Photos (Summary) Noboru Ogata This paper examines the city planning system of the ancient Bohai State using recently declassified intelligence satellite (CORONA satellite) photos acquired in the 1960's by the United States. Based on the reconstructions made in my recent report, I tried to make clear some principles shared by those city planning. It is also intended to prove the usefulness of satellite images in historico-geographical and archaeological applications. The Bohai State was a kingdom which existed from 698 AD to 926 AD in the northeastern part of today's China ( Fig. 1 ). It was formed by the Tungusic people in association with refugees from Koguryo, which had fallen in 668. It actively imported Chinese culture and political system and boasted high standard of civilization. While bringing tribute to Tang China, it dispatched envoys to Japan many times across the sea. Since records by Bohai itself had been lost, we can only obtain a glimpse of its prosperity through Chinese histories and records in Japan concerning envoys as well as archaeological evidence. Xin-Tang-shu

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