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         Italy History:     more books (100)
  1. Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini's Italy (Studies on the History of Society and Culture) by Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi, 2000-08-07
  2. The Renaissance, Second Edition (Studies in European History) by Peter Burke, 1997-05-15
  3. Herculean Ferrara: Ercole d'Este (1471-1505) and the Invention of a Ducal Capital (Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture) by Thomas Tuohy, 2002-08-08
  4. The History of Italy by Francesco Guicciardini, 1984-06-01
  5. The Hill Towns of Italy by Carol Field, 1997-01-01
  6. The Historic Imaginary: Politics of History in Fascist Italy (Toronto Italian Studies) by Claudio Fogu, 2003-11-01
  7. Making and Remaking Italy: The Cultivation of National Identity around the Risorgimento
  8. A History of Painting in Italy: Umbria, Florence and Siena: From the Second to the Sixteenth Century. Volume 2: Giotto and the Giottesques by Joseph Archer Crowe;Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, 2001-05-16
  9. A History of Painting in Italy: Umbria, Florence and Siena: From the Second to the Sixteenth Century. Volume 1: Early Christian Art by Joseph Archer Crowe;Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle, 2001-05-16
  10. Numbers and Nationhood: Writing Statistics in Nineteenth-Century Italy (Cambridge Studies in Italian History and Culture) by Silvana Patriarca, 2003-12-18
  11. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt, 2007-10-26
  12. Tuscany: Places and History (Places and History Series) by Costanza Poli, 1997-03
  13. Italy in the Seventeenth Century (Longman History of Italy Series) by Domenico Sella, 1997-02
  14. Food Culture in Italy (Food Culture around the World) by Fabio Parasecoli, 2004-10-30

61. Reference Sources For History Of Italy : Bodleian History Collections And Servic
Bibliographies and reference guides relating to the history of italy (and the Republic of San Marino and the Vatican City State) held by the Bodleian
http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/readerserv/history/refitaly.htm
Home Subjects History Bibliographical and Reference Sources - Italy Quick Links Highlight an option and click Go for more information : * Subject Provision * Reading Rooms * Enquiry Desk * User Induction * FAQs * Feedback * Departmental Remit * Staff Contacts * Bodleian Library * Other Oxford Libraries * University of Oxford If the drop-down menu above does not work for you, please use the links below :
The History Collections and Services
History Quick Links History Quick Links: * Subject Collections * British Isles History Collections * West European History Collections * East European and Russian History Collections * Reading Rooms * Related Subject Collections at Oxford * Bibliographical and Reference Sources * Modern Bodley Bibliographies * Electronic Datasets and Primary Resources * Other Major History Libraries and Collections * Specialist Portals and Web Resources * Online Comments and Suggestions Form * History Faculty Library If the drop-down menu above does not work for you, please use the links below :

62. Experience Italy's History As A Volunteer
history of italy Most of italy s history centers around ancient Rome, Italian history Because Greece is so close to the southern part of italy,
http://www.globalvolunteers.org/1main/italy/italyhistory.htm

Volunteer In Italy

Volunteer Abroad

Volunteer In The USA

How To Apply
...
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Italy's History
Beginnings of Global Conquest
Most of Italy's history centers around ancient Rome, the seat of the Roman Empire. The rich and powerful people of ancient Rome were the patricians, who governed the city from the Senate, and the equites, or men of property. All the social and most political power was in the hands of a few ancient families, such as Cornelii, the Julii ( the family of the Caesers) and the Aemilii. Most patricians had, beside their house at Rome, a family farm in the country and a number of villas in pleasant spots of Latium in central Italy or in the south. Town and contry houses alike were beautifully built and designed for their owner's comfort. Ceasar's Legacy in Italy
The Romans believed in making their sons fine soilders. So, after a young man became a Roman citizen, he was enlisted on his first military campaign. On his return from military service, the son of a patrician almost always entered into politics, and the sons of equites sometimes did the same. A young man first stood for election as an aedile, or city councillor. Perhaps the most famous young patrician son was Gaius Julius Ceasar, born in the year 100 BC whose family claimed decendancy from the kings of Alba Langa and through them, Aeneas of Troy whose mother was the goddess Venus. Caesar's name Julius comes from Iulius, the family name. This comes from Iulus, the name of Venus' son.

63. Italy - History Of The National Flag
italy history of the National Flag Yesterday we celebrated in italy the bicentenial of our tricolour flag. Actually, the date of 7 January 1797
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/it-hist.html
Italy - History of the National Flag
Last modified: by dov gutterman
Keywords: italy historical cispadane republic cisalpine republic ... lombardy
Links: FOTW homepage search write us mirrors
Legion Lombarda circa 1796
by Mario Fabretto , 9 January 1997
Cispadane Republic
Flag
by Mario Fabretto , 9 January 1997 See also: Other Sites:
A Brief History of the Tricolore
Under the Napoleonic rule the Cisalpine Republic Repubblica Cisalpina ) uses the now-known-as Italian flag. The same, but with Royal arms on the white strip. The flag, with the Savoy arms on the white strip is the flag of the Kingdom of Sardinia ( Regno di Sardegna , meaning Piedmont and Sardinia), later (1861) Kingdom of Italy
1946-present
The flag is used, without any arms, from the now-born Italian Republic. The flag is used since 19th June 1946, officially since 1st January 1948.
Alessio Bragadini
Yesterday we celebrated in Italy the bicentenial of our tricolour flag. Actually, the date of 7 January 1797 corresponds to the adoption of the

64. Guido Mazzoni Collection - Italy -- History
italy history. Browse database entries for this category cover practically every aspect of Italian history from the earliest beginnings of settlement
http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/mazzoni/italhist.html
Guido Mazzoni Collection
Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library - Duke University
Italy History
Browse database entries for this category
One of the largest sub-collections, this group numbers 3,849 records in practically every format represented in the collection. Many items are illustrated, and hundreds are " per nozze " items. Imprint dates run from 1751 through 1942. The materials in this vast group cover practically every aspect of Italian history from the earliest beginnings of settlement on the peninsula to the first years of World War II . Because of this scope, one would be well-advised to plan a careful search strategy which would include keywords in the title, names of individuals, and dates of publication (if applicable). The sub-groups of primary importance in this sub-collection are those materials which concern the Napoleonic era; the failed revolution in 1848; the Unification of Italy; and events in modern Europe (surrounding but not including the war years). Some materials difficult to classify under other headings are placed here, such as the annual acts of learned societies (L'Accademia della Crusca, for example), or any aspects of an organization's history that cannot be more specifically classified. Also found here are several items dealing with Italian immigration and immigrants abroad; a pamphlet on Italians in Boston, for example, would be located under this heading. Important individuals, both personages and historiographers include: Cesare Balbo, Albertino Mussato, Niccolo` Tommaseo (A and S), Gabriele D'Annunzio, Giuseppe Ricciardi, Giuseppe Garibaldi (A and S), Giuseppe Mazzini, Silvio Pellico (A and S), Massimo D'Azeglio, Andrea Maffei, Carlo Cipolla, Gioacchino Murat (S), Benedetto Cairoli (S), Vittorio Amedeo II (S), and hundreds more.

65. The ILO In Italy - History
Rome Branch Office The ILO in italy - history. THE ILO IN italy. history. In 1919, italy became a member of the ILO as a founding country (the ILO
http://www-ilo-mirror.cornell.edu/public/english/region/eurpro/rome/country/stor
italiano HOME THE ILO IN ITALY history ... ILO SAN MARINO THE ILO IN ITALY HISTORY
In 1919, Italy became a member of the ILO as a founding country (the ILO Constitution is part of the Peace treaties adopted by the Peace Conference in April 1919.) The Rome office opened in 1920.
In 1933, the office moved to Villa Aldobrandini following an agreement between the Italian government, UNIDROIT (International Institute for the Unification of Private Law, to whom the building is entrusted) and the ILO.
In 1937, Italy withdrew from the League of Nations and also left the ILO. It resumed being on the ILO in 1945. The presence of the Rome Office in Villa Aldobrandini was interrupted and then resumed after the war on the basis of a new agreement with UNIDROIT, under the patronage of the Italian government.
In 1964, the International Training Centre of the ILO in Turin initiated its activities, in collaboration with the Italian Government and the municipality of Turin, in the area in which were held the centennial celebrations for the Unification of Italy.
In 1993, the Labour Ministry instituted a

66. 1Up Travel : Italy - History And Culture Of Italy.
italy Get to know about the rich Heritage of italy and its history and Culture.The Etruscans were the first people to rule the peninsula.
http://www.1uptravel.com/international/europe/italy/history-culture.html

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Italy History and Culture
History While Italy's status as a single political entity is relatively recent (1861), its strategic Mediterranean position made it a target for colonisers and opportunists fairly early on in human history. The Etruscans were the first people to rule the peninsula, arriving anywhere between the 12th and 8th centuries BC. They were eventually subsumed within the mighty Roman empire, leaving little cultural evidence, other than the odd tomb. The Ancient Greeks, their contemporaries, set up a few colonies along the southern coast, which became known as Magna Graecia and developed into independent city states. Thus the greater glory which was Rome was itself the offspring of Etruscan and Greek cultures.

67. History - Italiansrus.com
Your guide to the history of italy. This gives a brief description of each period in italy s history from early times to postwar era. history of italy
http://www.italiansrus.com/resources/history.htm
on the Web. Enjoy as you learn more
about the traditions, heritage and way
of life that make Italians who they are. Home Advertise Articles Email ... Store Resources
Art
Cuisine Famous Italians Festivals ... Travel and More Surname Collection
Add your name to the collection. Recipes
Authentic Italian recipes for you to enjoy. Photo Galleries
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Our Paesani

Weekly column dedicated to today's Italy.
by Francesca Di Meglio Italian Memories
Articles on growing up Italian. by Cookie Curci Learn Italian English-Italian guides Spanish-Italian guides. Gift Guide Books Calendars Clothing ... Regional Guides Guides to Italy's regions. Molto Italiano Sign up for our FREE newsletter. Trivia Test your knowledge of Italy. History Abruzzo
Italiansrus.com These resources give an excellent account of the history of the Abruzzi region form the historic pre-Roman age to the modern age. Ancient Rome Italiansrus.com Learn more about one of the most powerful civilizations in history. Your guide to the art and history of Florence From the beginning to the present day. The Etruscans Join Larth the Etruscan as he takes on a journey through this ancient civilization. This is a great and imaginative site.

68. BBC NEWS | Europe | Italy's History Of Terror
italy has a history of politically motivated extremist groups, the most notorious of which was the Bolognabased, Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3372239.stm
News
Sport

Weather

World Service
... Newswatch LANGUAGES
Last Updated: Tuesday, 6 January, 2004, 19:31 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Italy's history of terror
By Kathryn Westcott
BBC News Online
Italian investigators are focusing their attention on a shadowy group thought to be based in Bologna after a string of bomb attacks beginning in the Christmas period.
A Red Brigades logo was found near a murder scene in 2002 They suspect that a number of letter bombs received by EU officials, including European Commission President Romano Prodi, are the work of Italian anarchists. An Italian-based group calling itself the Informal Anarchist Federation has claimed responsibility for the attacks. Investigators believe the group has fewer than 300 members in Italy. The previously unknown group shares the Italian initials - FAI - of a well-known northern group, the Italian Anarchists Federation. However, the latter condemned the attacks as counterproductive and denied any role in the bombings. 'Years of lead' Italy has a history of politically motivated extremist groups. The most notorious was the Bologna-based, Marxist-Leninist Red Brigades formed in the 1970s by student protesters dedicating themselves to an armed struggle against the capitalist state.

69. H-Italy Discussion Network
Scholarly discussion of Italian culture and history, with bibliographical, research and teaching resources.
http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~italy/
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    Valente Italian Library seeks journals
    ANN-Position at UC Berkeley CFP-Ordinary Writings Panel (Deadline: 18 December 2005) ... "Cantieri di Storia III" Convegno Sissco (Bologna, 22-24 settembre 05) Reviewer: Jonathan P. Roth
    Author: Nathan Rosenstein
    Title: Rome at War: Farms, Families and Death in the Middle Republic
    Reviewer: Michelle Duran-McLure
    Author: Louise Bourdua
    Title: The Franciscans and Art Patronage in Late Medieval Italy
    Social Sciences Online Send comments and questions to H-Italy Editors
  • 70. OUP Italy Since 1945 McCarthy
    The Short Oxford history of italy series, in seven volumes, will offer a complete history of italy from the early middle ages to the present and,
    http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-873169-8
    NEVER MISS AN OXFORD SALE (SIGN UP HERE) VIEW BASKET Quick Links About OUP Career Opportunities Contacts Need help? News oup.com Search the Catalogue Site Index American National Biography Booksellers' Information Service Children's Fiction and Poetry Children's Reference Dictionaries Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks Humanities International Education Unit Journals Law Medicine Music Online Products Oxford English Dictionary Reference Rights and Permissions Science School Books Social Sciences Very Short Introductions World's Classics Advanced Search UK and Europe Book Catalogue Help with online ordering How to order Postage Returns policy ... Table of contents
    Free online access to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    To find out more visit www.oxforddnb.com
    TEXTBOOK
    Italy Since 1945
    Edited by Patrick McCarthy
    Publication date: 21 September 2000
    259 pages, 215mm x 137mm
    Series: Short Oxford History of Italy
    Search for titles in the same series

    Comment on this title

    There is an alternative edition (Hardback)
    Ordering Individual customers
    order by phone, post, or fax

    71. OUP: Italy In The Age Of The Renaissance: Najemy
    Series Short Oxford history of italy Search for titles in the same series Comment on this title Comment on this title There is an alternative edition
    http://www.oup.co.uk/isbn/0-19-870040-7
    NEVER MISS AN OXFORD SALE (SIGN UP HERE) VIEW BASKET Quick Links About OUP Career Opportunities Contacts Need help? News oup.com Search the Catalogue Site Index American National Biography Booksellers' Information Service Children's Fiction and Poetry Children's Reference Dictionaries Dictionary of National Biography Digital Reference English Language Teaching Higher Education Textbooks Humanities International Education Unit Journals Law Medicine Music Online Products Oxford English Dictionary Reference Rights and Permissions Science School Books Social Sciences Very Short Introductions World's Classics Advanced Search UK and Europe Book Catalogue Help with online ordering How to order Postage Returns policy ... Table of contents
    Free online access to the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
    To find out more visit www.oxforddnb.com
    TEXTBOOK
    Italy in the Age of the Renaissance
    Edited by John M. Najemy
    Publication date: 4 November 2004
    344 pages, 5 Maps, 216mm x 138mm
    Series: Short Oxford History of Italy
    Search for titles in the same series

    Comment on this title

    There is an alternative edition (Hardback)
    Ordering Individual customers may: order by phone, post, or fax

    72. American Gondola Builder In Venice, Italy - History, Construction, Workshops, Co
    Detailed information about Gondolas, their history, and Venice s international center for traditional wooden boatbuilding, called Lo Squero.
    http://www.squero.com/
    Thom Price
    Gondola Builder
    Venice, Italy Italiano Deutsch
    About the Squero

    Gondola Building
    ...
    Contact

    Squero Canaletto, Cannaregio 6301, 30123 Venezia, ITALY
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    73. Bibliography Of Early Modern & Baroque Italy (1550-1800).
    Comprehensive bibliography of early modern baroque Italian history in English and French, 15501800, 3800+ titles Politics, Economy, Society, Religion,
    http://www.earlymodernitaly.com/
    EarlyModernItaly .com
    About the Author
    Contact Information Purchase The Bibliography Policies ... Italian History Links www.earlymodernitaly.com
    offers a comprehensive bibliography on Early Modern Italian topics (1550-1800) of works published in English and French. Interest in Italian history of this era, long neglected or denigrated by scholars, is quickly attracting the attention it deserves as the era of ItalyÕs greatest cultural impact on Western Civilization. Since the late 1980s, the field has become one of the most rapid-growing areas of historical scholarship, and the community now counts about 2,000 active scholars publishing over 300 titles annually in English or French. This bibliography is designed to enable both students and researchers of Italian and European history, art history, music, literature, philosophy, religion and science to have the entire range of scholarship over the past 150 years at their fingertips. It provides a comprehensive and growing list of studies (not sources unaccompanied by critical editorial commentary) published in English and French , the two foremost international languages for scholarly work in European history. It also includes titles of unpublished (but generally accessible)

    74. Bibliography Of Early Modern & Baroque Italy (1550-1800).
    Early Modern italy, 15501800 Three seasons in European history (Palgrave, 2000; 462 pages 20 maps, 4 plates; $19.95 US paperback) is a comprehensive,
    http://www.earlymodernitaly.com/author/
    EarlyModernItaly .com
    Home
    About the Author Contact Info Purchase The Bibliography ... Italian History Links
    Gregory Hanlon
    is a French-trained behavioural historian who has taught early modern European history at the University of California at Berkeley and the Universite de Paris IV-Sorbonne. He teaches French and Italian history at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. In addition to article-length publications in , the Journal of Family History , the Journal of Social History , the Annales: Economies, Societes, Civilisations , the Annales du Midi , and the Revue de la Bibliotheque Nationale , Gregory Hanlon has published four books dealing with French and Italian history of the era. Early Modern Italy, 1550-1800: Three seasons in European History The Twilight of a Military Tradition: Italian Aristocrats and European Conflicts, 1560-1800 Marraro Prize of the Society for Italian Historical Studies in 1998. Confession and Community in Seventeenth-century France: Catholic and Protestant Coexistence in Aquitaine Brewer Prize of the American Society of Church History in 1992, and was runner-up (after an initial tie) for the book award of the American Huguenot Society in 1994.

    75. Italian Culture And History
    An introduction to the history, art and architecture of Venice, italy including Palladio s Renaissance villas and the magical art glass of Muranoplus a
    http://www.boglewood.com/
    Italian Culture and History
    Art and Architecture of Venice
    Palladio's Italian Villas
    Murano Magic
    Virtual History of Venice
    Virtual History of Sicily
    Boglewood Corporation

    © 1997-2005 C. I. Gable

    76. Country Study Italy Social Studies
    italy A guide to law, constitution/s, legal history, italy A good overview of italy, history, government, statistics and more.
    http://www.archaeolink.com/country_study_italy.htm
    Italy People History Culture Social studies Home Afghanistan Social Studies Albania Social Studies Algeria Social Studies ... Vietnam Social Studies You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations Italy Tourism Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. Go to Italy Capital City Rome City Profile About Italy A concise overview of Italy including a link to an "expanded profile." - From Countryreports.org - http://www.countryreports.org/italy.htm CIA - The World Factbook Italy Concise overview of Italy including history, culture, economics, people and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/it.html

    77. HJG: Discussion Lists Directory: Geographical Index: Italy
    MEDIEVALitaly devoted to medieval history and archaeology of italy from c.400 to c.1350. medioevo-italiano devoted to medieval Italian history,
    http://www.history-journals.de/lists/hjg-discuss-gita.html
    The History Journals Guide
    by Stefan Blaschke Search Contact New Entries Periodicals Directory:
    Italy
    Online Articles Index:
    Italy
    WWW Resources:
    Italian History Index
    Contents: Home Announcements Complete Index Chronological Index ... Others Discussion Lists Directory Geographical Index : Italy
    • Archeologia-Italiana : devoted to Italian archaeology
    • ASMI : devoted to the study of modern Italy
    • Celtic-Italy : devoted to aspects of life of the Celtic people in Italy
    • H-Italy : offers scholars a central source for information in the field of Italian history
    • H-ItAm : provides an interactive network/forum for scholars and activists relating to the Italian American Experience
    • il-circolo-calabrese : devoted to study Calabrian history, culture, language, and genealogy
    • ITALIAN-ARCHAEOLOGY : devoted to the exchange of information and discussion for archaeologists (prehistoric, classical or medieval) interested in Italy
    • ITALIAN-STUDIES : devoted to scholarly discussions in any field of Italian studies
    • ItalianBaroque : dedicated to the discussion of recordings, composers, and history of Italian Baroque music
    • MAT-REN : devoted to the study of costs and consumption in Italy 1300-1650
    • MEDIEVAL-ITALY : devoted to medieval history and archaeology of Italy from c.400 to c.1350

    78. Rise Of Benito Mussolini
    Benito, 18831945 Catholic Church italy history 20th century Concordat of 1929 (italy) Church and state italy history 20th century.
    http://history.acusd.edu/gen/WW2Timeline/Prelude05.html
    The Rise of Benito Mussolini
    Mussolini 1919 Mussolini 1917 Mussolini on cover
    from Time Henry Luce devoted entire issue to Italy
    from Fortune July 1934 Mussolini 1933 by Diego Rivera
    from DR Museum Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born July 29, 1883 in the Italian village of Romagna.
    Mussolii moved to Switzerland in 1902 but was a failure as schoolteacher, bricklayer, anarchist, chocolate factory worker. He became a communist in 1903 and read Nietzche as well as Marx.
    He returned to Italy in 1910 and became editor of the socialist newspaper Avanti! 1912-14 where he met the art critic Margheritaq Sarfatti who would turn him toward fascism. In 1914 he founded the newspaper Popolo d'Italia
    In Dec. 1914 Mussolini joined a group of Italian socialists who broke away from socialism and formed the first "fascistii" to support Italian expansion to its "natural frontiers" (including Libya) and King Vittorio Emanuel III who declared war against Austria.
    In 1915 Mussolini was conscripted into the army, injured by a grenade explosion in training, "the most beautiful moment in his life,'' was invalided out of the army and returned to his newspaper in June 1917.
    With the Italian defeat at Caporetto Oct. 24, 1917, Mussolini called for national discipline and a dictator to take over the weak government.

    79. Handbook Of Texas Online: ITALY, TX
    Community history and information.
    http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/II/hji3.html
    format this article to print
    ITALY, TEXAS Italy is at the junction of U.S. Highway 77 and State Highway 34, on the Blackland Prairie forty-five miles south of Dallas in southwest Ellis County. Although a few families had settled in the vicinity by 1860, the Aycock brothers built the first house on the present site of the town in 1879 and used it as a dwelling, grocery store, and post office. That year residents debated what to name the settlement. Some favored Houston Creek, because Sam Houston qv reportedly camped on the creek that flowed through town. Others wanted the name Egypt or Italy. The postal department rejected the first choice because of possible confusion with Houston Creek in Harris County. Gabriel J. Penn, postmaster in Waxahachie, named the town Italy in 1880 because the climate was much like that found in "sunny Italy." The population was 500 in 1890. Settlers found the land good for cotton, corn, sweet potatoes, and wheat. The greatest impetus for growth occurred in December 1890, when the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad arrived, and the town became a market center for the surrounding area. The next year the first newspaper was published, and Italy was officially incorporated. The Great Depression qv started a downward trend for Italy that lasted for thirty-five years. In 1930 the town had 1,230 residents and forty-five businesses. In 1960 the population was 1,183, and in 1970 the businesses numbered twenty. Throughout the period agricultural operations expanded and displaced much of the rural population. An upswing began in 1975, when milo and corn production increased. The town had become a bedroom community for the Dallas-Fort Worth area by 1980, when the population was 1,306. The town sponsors an Italian festival each June and supports the S. M. Dunlap Memorial Library. In 1990 the population was 1,699.

    80. A2Z Languages: Rome, Italy - History
    Italian language school listings, language study abroad opportunities, plus other educational and programs in italy. Current language school and study
    http://www.a2zlanguages.com/Italy/Rome/rome_history.htm
    Program Locations Argentina Austria Bolivia Brazil Chile Canada Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador France Germany Greece Guatemala Italy Mexico Peru Portugal Puerto Rico Russia Spain Switzerland Venezuela Ancient History Latin colonists who came from Alba Longa, a city in ancient Latium, are said to have founded Rome in 753 BC. Legend carried the ancestry of the Romans back to the Trojans and their leader Aeneas, the first king of Alba Longa and founder of Rome. After Rome was acquired by the leadership of Latium, the Romans fought wars against the Etruscans, the Volscians, and the Aequians. The defeat of the Romans at Allia and the capture and burning of Rome by the Gauls under the leadership of the chief Brennus in 390 BC were great disasters, but their effect did not last long. The capture of the Etruscan city of Veii in 396 BC by the soldier and statesman Marcus Furius Camillus spelled the end for Etruscan independence. In 264 BC Rome fought with Carthage for the control of the Mediterranean Sea. Carthage at that time was the sole power, controlling central and western Mediterranean. In 67 BC general Pompey, who had fought the Marian party in Africa, Sicily, and Spain, cleared the Mediterranean of pirates and was put in charge of the war against Mithridates.

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