61. History In 1949 alone, Zim ships brought 100000 immigrants to israel. During israel’s War of Independence This marked a turning point in the company’s history. http://www.zim.co.il/history.htm

Search ZIM site Homepage Click to view an historical presentation of ZIM A Brief History [ The early years In 1947, before there was a State of Israel, a holiday was declared throughout British-ruled Palestine. It was all because of a small steamship. As she approached Tel Aviv's tiny but bustling harbour, thousands of men and women, among them future leaders of Israel, began to cheer. For this ship, called the Kedmah, symbolized the start of a new era. Once, as the Kedah, she was known as the “Queen of Malacca Straits.” During World War II She joined the British navy and took part in the evacuation of Singapore and the invasion to Malaya; but refitted and renamed the Kedmah, she became a symbol of hope, of pride ... of the future. The Kedmah was the first ship to fly the ‘seven stars’ flag - now a familiar sights around the world: the flag of ZIM. During Israel’s War of Independence in 1948, Zim ships brought precious supplies as well as arms and ammunition to ensure the survival of the young state. Zim has continued to play this crucial role every time Israel faced conflict. No matter how daunting and dangerous the mission - Zim has always been there. Expansion and growth In 1953, Zim began an era of expansion that would establish its global presence. After a stormy debate in the Knesset, Israel's parliament, it was decided to accept war reparations from Germany. At first, Zim was offered only two cargo ships. But by the time the program had ended, Zim had acquired 36 passenger, cargo, bulk-carrier and tanker ships. These ships were not really a gift. Zim ended up paying for each vessel from its operating income – an impressive achievement for the young company. Launching a new ship became a commonplace event. The newly expanded fleet allowed Zim to grow and achieve impressive business gains.

62. Jewish Agency For Israel Jerusalem Extensive article on the city's long history, modern composition, and religious significance to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. http://www.jafi.org.il/education/100/places/jer.html

Languages English - Main Page Hebrew - Main Page Espanol - Main Page Deutsch - Main Page Russian - Main Page Francais - Main Page Portugues - Main Page Italiano - Main Page Nederlands - Main Page New Eye on Israel Worldwide Community Jewish Time ... Tools and Links Jerusalem Jerusalem capital of the State of Israel and spiritual center for most of the western world. Jerusalem is more than just a physical grouping of stone buildings and ancient walls spreading out over the Judean hills: it is the Holy City, symbol of universal peace and redemption for over 3,000 years. Geographical Location Jerusalem is located on the ridge of the Judean Mountains. These mountains continue to spread out west of the city, but to the east the green landscape gradually merges with the barren Judean desert which descends to the Dead Sea. The city is built entirely on hills, its houses picturesquely dotting the rocky slopes.

63. Israel's History Written In Advance In the Old Testament, God made many predictions about nations and cities and their fate. With remarkable accuracy, archeology shows that in every case, http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/jews.html

Academics Humanities Social Sciences Sciences Theology ... Faculty Offices Departments Current Issues Publications Conferences/Events Apologetics ... What's New Special Interest Past Features Other Sites Help LU About LU ... Feedback Navigation Site Map Site Index Advanced Search Browsing Help ... LU Home LU Updates Receive LU-Announce Probe Ministries Israel's History Written in Advance Written by Robert C. Newman Condensed by Rich Milne According to an old story, the powerful Prussian King Frederick the Great had a chaplain who was a Bible-believer, though Frederick himself was a rationalist. One day, Frederick challenged his chaplain, "In a word, give me a good argument for the God of the Bible." His chaplain, a knowledgeable man, responded, "The Jew, your majesty!" To unpack the chaplain's concise remark is the purpose of this essay. Neglected Evidence for the God of the Bible The history of the Jews is a demonstration of God at work, sometimes miraculously, sometimes providentially, in the affairs of men and nations. The particular significance of the Jewsin contrast to other nationsis that God called Israel His special people and made covenants with them through Abraham, Moses, and David. In addition, the Old Testament predicts what God planned to do with His people. We'll look at three rather wide-ranging prophecies about the nation Israel and see how they have come to pass. These involve first, the covenant curses; second, an acted parable of the marital relations between God and Israel; and finally, a prediction of Israel's return to her own land.

64. Land Of Israel Essays on current events and history of the land of israel and the israeliArab conflict from a pro-Zionist perspective. http://www.landofisrael.info/

Welcome to The Land Of Israel Videos Getting to know the enemies of Modern Civilization. "Palestinian" Arabs dancing in joy on September 11th Daniel Pearl Murder Quicktime Windows Media Real Player Video of Lynching of Israeli Reservists in Ramallah by PA policemen and mob. Commercial from Palestinian Authority TV encouraging children to go out and die fighting Israel. The destruction of Joseph's Tomb in Nablus. Beware: has a bad anti-Israel slant. "Palestinians" execute without trial a fellow Arab suspected of collaborating with Israel. An example of Saddam's regime: Iraqi soldiers executing civilians. Updated: The Road Map and Related Documents Conversation with a Swedish Anti-Semite The Abu Mazen (Mahmoud Abbas) - Munich Massacre Connection ... A Discussion With Tikkun.org on the Legitimacy of Extreme Anti-Israel "Activism" and the Killing of Israeli Soldiers Updated! List of Rachel Corrie and ISM links Ongoing discussion on Rachel Corrie and the ISM List of Rachel Corrie links Who is Abu Mazen (Mahmoud Abbas), and is he really a moderate? Reservists sue producer of 'Jenin, Jenin' Grave of Joseph the Patriarch Destroyed In 1937, a local Arab leader, Auni Bey Abdul-Hadi, told the Peel Commission , which ultimately suggested the partition of Palestine: "There is no such country [as Palestine]! 'Palestine' is a term the Zionists invented! There is no Palestine in the Bible. Our country was for centuries part of Syria."

65. Ynetnews - Money - Teva Closes Largest Deal In Israel's History YnetNews, Yedioth Group s English web site, is israel s most comprehensive, authoritative source for realtime israel news and Jewish content online. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3117855,00.html

Ynetnews Money Site Channel Exciting day: Yisrael Makov Photo: Chen Mika "The merger of the two companies will strengthen our standing in generic industrial production around the world" Teva closes largest deal in Israel's history Israeli pharmaceutical Teva announces purchase of American company IVAX for USD 7.2 billion By Eli Shimoni Pharmaceutical giant Teva completed a deal Monday to buyout American competitor IVAX for USD 7.2 billion in cash and stocks. Strong showing Teva nets NIS 1.13 billion in 1st Qtr / By Shlomi Sheffer Largest drug firms turn biggest profit during first quarter of 2005, while El Al and 12 other TASE-traded firms mark losses Full Text Under terms of the deal, the American company's regular stocks will be exchanged for USD 26 each or .8471 percent the value of Teva's stock with the understanding that the division will be 50-50, between cash and stock. Teva president and CEO Yisrael Makov praised the deal, calling it an "exciting day" and a "milestone" in the history of the company. "Teva. IVAX, like Teva, is a pioneer of growth strategies and globalization, he said."

66. MidEast Web - Brief History Of Of Palestine, Israel The Israel-Palestine Conflic Provides a brief, balanced, history of the israelPalestinian Conflict with links to timeline, maps, articles on refugees and source documents. http://www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm

Israel and Palestine: A Brief History home sources timeline bookmark ... links Subscriptions: About U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! U Need JavaScript! e-dialog MidEastWeb Site Policy Current Commentary Web Log View RSS feed Free Middle East News Service - Click here to get latest news about Iran Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Syria ... delivered to your inbox as it happens. Actualit©s du Moyen-Orient ... EN FRANCAIS A Brief History of Israel and Palestine and the Conflict Ami Isseroff Contents Introductory Note Geography and Early History The Jewish Kingdoms From Roman to Ottoman Rule ... Recent Events " The past isn't dead; it isn't even past." William Faulkner. "No two historians ever agree on what happened, and the damn thing is they both think they're telling the truth." Harry S. Truman. Introductory Note History, and different perceptions of history, are perhaps the most important factors in the Arab-Israeli conflict. Accounts of history, interpreting history in different ways, are used to justify claims and to negate claims, to vilify the enemy and to glorify "our own" side. Dozens of accounts have been written. Most of the accounts on the Web are intended to convince rather than to inform. This very brief account is intended as a balanced overview and introduction to Palestinian and Israeli history, and the history of the conflict. It is unlikely that anyone has written or will write an "objective" and definitive summary that would be accepted by everyone, but it is hoped that this document will provide a fair introduction.

67. ISRAEL: THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL Crash Course in Jewish history Part 22 The End of israel Crash Course in Jewish history Part 23 Babylonian Exile Crash Course in Jewish history Part http://www.kosherdelight.com/Israelhistory.htm

ISRAEL Home Site Index FOOD The Best Kosher Restaurant Guide in the World! Kosher Hotels Kosher Recipes ... Send us a Kosher Update NEWS News and Media Guide JEWISH STUFF... Jewish Communities Around the World! Parashat HaShavuah Jewish Holidays ... Mikvaot PARENTING Parent and Child Jewish Camps Kids Babies HEALTH JEWISH HOSPITALS WORLD WIDE! YOUR HEALTH DO NOT ABUSE DRUGS ... AND ALCOHOL TECHNOLOGY Computers and Internet ART Dalia Goren - D'varim Yafim CONTACT INFO Letters to the Editor Contact us SPECIAL FRIENDS OF KD Congregation Beth El Newton, Massachusetts The Sephardic Minyan of Newton at ... Congregation Beth-El ISRAEL LINKS: ART CHABAD EDUCATION FOOD ... WOMEN ISRAEL - HISTORY: Library of Congress: Israel - Country Study CIA World Factbook 2002 - Israel Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Jewish History Timeline ... Facts About Israel: Biblical Times, Second Temple Period, Foreign Domination, The State of Israel, Historical Highlights

68. Weizmann Institute For The Study Of Zionism And Israel List of articles from The Journal of israeli history Politics, Society, Culture . About israel, Studies in Zionism and the State of israel history, http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/zionism/journals.html

The Institute publishes two journals. The Journal of Israeli History: Politics, Society, Culture in English and Israel, Studies in Zionism and the State of Israel - History, Culture and Society in Hebrew. About The Journal of Israeli History: Politics, Society, Culture The Journal of Israeli History: Politics, Society, Culture Studies in Zionism From the Editors of "The Journal of Israeli History: Politics, Society, Culture". The Journal of Israeli History is edited by Prof. Anita Shapira of Tel Aviv University and Prof. Derek Penslar of the University of Toronto. Its Editorial Board consists of the following members: Prof. Dan Laor, Prof. Joseph Mali, Prof. Menachem Mautner, Dr. Shalom Ratzabi, and Prof. Asher Susser. Notes for Contributors Articles should be submitted in two copies, typed in double space with ample margins. The name of the author should appear on a separate cover sheet, along with full contact details (address, tel./fax and, if possible, e-mail address). Articles should not exceed 10,000 words, including notes, which should be typed as endnotes after the text. Please send articles to the Editors The Chaim Weizmann Institute for the Study of Zionism and Israel Carter Building, Tel Aviv University

69. Asiatour.com / Travel Guide To Israel - History, Attractions The Tourist Attraction history Full table of contents. Galilee This page http//www.asiatour.com/israel/content1.htm http://www.asiatour.com/israel/content1.htm

Welcome to Asiatour.com - your one-stop source for travel guides on most Asian countries and some African destinations. H O M E Sexual relationships If you are traveling to this country, you may be interested in sexual relationships with locals, and no, I do not mean the services of prostitutes or other commercial providers. While you can meet citizen interested in sex accidentally, the chances of success are not particularly high if you are there only for a limited period of time (as I said: no prostitutes). On the other hand, they often are sexually attracted to foreign people. For young women, especially in the big cities, it is chic to have a Western boyfriend. So, there must be a trick to overcome the time-consuming "accidental", and to link more effectively the sexual interests of foreign visitors with those of locals. Try the Internet. Or, more to the point: try www.AdultfriendsFinder.com . The service lists a good number of residents explicitly interested in non-commercial sexual relationships. While there are more males on the search than females, there are indeed an amazing number of women using the service. It is truly amazing how popular www.AdultfriendsFinder.com

70. 'Just World News' By Helena Cobban: Israel's History Of Assassinations israel s history of assassinations Both those assassinations were undertaken at times when the israeli political echelon was also trying to effect a http://justworldnews.org/archives/000252.html

'Just World News' by Helena Cobban Info, analysis, discussion to build a more just world JWN front page Israel's history of assassinations Great piece by Jackson Diehl in today's Washington Post In it, he details how in each of June 2001 and December 2001 though he erroneously referred to this having happened Dec 2002 American diplomacy had seemed to be successful in winning a ceasefire in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and then the Israeli security forces heated things up again by undertaking one of their 'assassination specials' against the Palestinians... Not that June 2001 was the first time that had happened, either. The record goes back at least as far October 1995, when Rabin's security forces assassinated Fathi Shiqaqi, of Islamic Jihad. Then the Mossad (when Peres was PM) took out Hamas's Yahya Ayyash, in January 1996. Both those assassinations were undertaken at times when the Israeli political echelon was also trying to effect a breakthrough in the peace process. (Actually, that could make it a little different from Sharon's use of assassinations, which is much more widespread and also not necessarily linked to any engagement in peacemaking that is anything like as serious as Rabin's and Peres's engagement in that 1995-96 period.) Details of the 1995-96 assassinations, by the way, are in

71. Dear Israel : History & Prophecy - Israel My Beloved Jerusalembased website of the International Christian Zionist Center, the on-line news and information resource on israel and the Jews for those who love http://www.israelmybeloved.com/history_prophecy/dear_israel/

HOME News His People His Land ... REGISTER HERE > Dear Israel... In This Channel... Introduction Prophecy in our Day Dear Israel Letters to World Leaders ... Screensavers Dear Israel... Over the years I have been privileged to live in Israel, I have frequently wrestled with questions about the way this nation's leaders relate to what they call "the Christian world" (by which, and it is important that we understand this, they mean all of the Gentile nations). Curious, too, is the ordinary Israeli citizen's perspective on a whole range of issues, from the reasons for the reconstitution of the Jewish homeland, to the significance, or otherwise, of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount. On a number of occasions in the past I have written opinion pieces in the form of "open letters" from a Gentile to the people of Israel, some of which were published in The Jerusalem Post . As the presently troubled - but future glorious - history of Israel unfolds in these days, the pages of this feature will be used to put questions to, and share some Christian thoughts with, the people of this beloved land. Stan Goodenough, Editor

72. Timelines : History & Prophecy - Israel My Beloved Jerusalembased website of the International Christian Zionist Center, the on-line news and information resource on israel and the Jews for those who love http://www.israelmybeloved.com/history_prophecy/timelines/

HOME News His People His Land ... REGISTER HERE > Timelines In This Channel... Introduction Prophecy in our Day Dear Israel Letters to World Leaders ... Screensavers Timelines As year replaces year, and century telescopes into century, trying to disentangle the landmark events that have both driven and shaped the course of history can be challenging. This is evidently the case with Israel's history. Where and how the nation was called into being on the world stage, what it experienced and achieved, succumbed to and survived, and how each event and element impacted and affected the others, all this can get muddled up unless depicted in a clear chronological way. Enter the timeline - a graphically simple and effective way in which to help pull all the pieces together and present them at a glance. This feature will be a work in progress. To start with, we have posted a relatively basic, Israel-centric timeline beginning with the calling out of Abram circa 4000 years ago, and ending with the outbreak of the Oslo War (otherwise known as the second intifada ) in September 2001.

73. Denver Journal - 2:0109 - Can A History Of Israel Be Written? Denver Journal 20109 - Can a history of israel Be Written? http://www.denverseminary.edu/dj/articles1999/0100/0109.php

Home About Us Academics Admissions ... Contact Us Resources Denver Seminary Magazine Denver Journal Volume 8 - 2005 Volume 7 - 2004 ... Dialogue of Contemporary Issues Related Academic Catalog Campus News Student Handbook Volume 2 - 1999 Editor: Richard S. Hess Submissions Info Denver Journal An Online Review of Current Biblical and Theological Studies. Grabbe, Lester L. Can a History of Israel Be Written? JSOT Supplement Series 245; European Seminar in Historical Methodology 1. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. Hardback, 201 pp. ISBN 1-85075-669-4. Eight contributors make up nine essays in this volume. To a large extent the studies represent what many choose to call the minimalist approach to ancient Israel's history; that is, one in which the Bible cannot be used to recreate the history of the period in Palestine that it purports to describe. However, even this is an oversimplification and not all contributors to the volume would so position themselves; as, for example, Bob Becking and Herbert Niehr. Nevertheless, it is a significant, indeed, dominant position that is reflected by Robert Carroll, Philip Davies, Niels Peter Lemche, and Thomas Thompson. There is much here that is thought provoking. The work represents a recent and important summary of the positions of those who are called minimalists. In many cases these are responses to works that have appeared in the past few years. Some of these, such as the work of Keith Whitelam, are sympathetic. Most, however, are critical. They represent scholars such as William Dever, Israel Finkelstein, Amihai Mazar, Iain Provan, and Baruch Halpern. None, however, receives a more visceral response than the critiques of Anson Rainey. In particular, Lemche refers to this scholar using terms such as "malicious" (p. 142), "infamous attack on the integrity of a leading scholar" (p. 142), "bad manners" (p. 142), and "preposterous" (p. 148). Does this have anything to do with the "name-calling habit" (p. 97) that Robert Carroll accuses other scholars who are criticial of approaches reflected in this book?

74. Israel - History israel Table of Contents. ON MAY 14, 1948, in the city of Tel Aviv, As a result, the modern State of israel throughout its brief history has given http://countrystudies.us/israel/3.htm

History Israel Table of Contents ON MAY 14, 1948, in the city of Tel Aviv, David Ben-Gurion proclaimed the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. The introductory paragraph affirmed that "Eretz Ysrael (the Land of Israel) was the birthplace of the Jewish people. Here they first attained statehood, created cultural values of national and universal significance, and gave the world the eternal Book of Books." The issuance of the proclamation was signaled by the ritual blowing of the shofar (ram's-horn trumpet) and was followed by the recitation of the biblical verse (Lev. 25:10): "Proclaim liberty throughout the land and to all the inhabitants thereof." The same verse is inscribed on the American Liberty Bell in Independence Hall in Philadelphia. The reestablishment of the Jewish nation-state in Palestine has been the pivotal event in contemporary Jewish history. After nearly two millennia of exile, the Jewish people were brought together in their ancient homeland. Despite the ancient attachments of Jews to biblical Israel, the modern state of Israel is more deeply rooted in nineteenth- and twentieth- century European history than it is in the Bible. Thus, although Zionismthe movement to establish a national Jewish entityis rooted in the messianic impulse of traditional Judaism and claims a right to Palestine based on God's promise to Abraham, the vast majority of Zionists are secularists.

75. Site Temporarily Unavailable Conservative. Profile, photographs, leadership, history, activities, events, contact information. http://bayridgejewishcenter.com

Sorry, this site is temporarily unavailable. Please check back later.

76. Israel’s History Firsthand israel’s history Firsthand. June 29, 2004. israel s Communities. June 28, 2004 Exploring israel s history. June 1, 2004. Dignitaries Greet Hillel Plane http://cms.hillel.org/Hillel/Israel/Trips and Opportunities/Notes from the Road/

home site index contact us calendar ... donate Search: About Hillel Student Life Jewish Resources Social Justice ... Conferences You are here: Home Israel Notes from the Road Spring 2004 ... Israel Section Map See Also: Israel Links Ask an Expert Taglit-birthright israel: Hillel Trip Hillel's Statement of Principles on Israel ... E-mail this page Israel’s History Firsthand June 30, 2004 Today Hillel's birthright israel participants spent time learning about Israel's history, ancient and recent. They spent the morning at Beit Guvrin where they participated in an actual archeological dig. Although participants didn't find many artifacts, they were impressed with the site itself, and the presentation of objects that had been excavated in recent years. They continued their day in Rehovot where they had lunch and walked around the city. Later on they enjoyed a guided tour of the Ayalon Institute. The Ayalon Institute is the site of a former secret munitions and weapons factory which functioned before the State of Israel was declared. Participants then returned to their Tel Aviv hotel for dinner and some time to hang out. Highlights: June 30, 2004

77. Harvard's Israel Review And sure enough, history demonstrates that israel has always sought “israel was not created in order to disappear israel will endure and flourish. http://cms.hillel.org/Hillel/Israel/News and Opinion/Campus Update/News Archives

home site index contact us calendar ... donate Search: About Hillel Student Life Jewish Resources Social Justice ... Conferences You are here: Home Israel Campus Update News Archives ... Israel Section Map See Also: Israel Links Ask an Expert Hillel's Statement of Principles on Israel Taglit-birthright israel: Hillel Trip ... E-mail this page Harvard's Israel Review Students at Harvard University last year cut through the clatter of anti-Israel rhetoric with Harvard's Israel Review , an intellectual journal devoted to Israel's history, politics and culture. "I felt that more and more of my classmates were thirsting for real information," explains Journal editor Rachel Zabarkes. "They were not getting the kind of balanced view I thought they needed to really understand the situation. The Journal was a means through which members of Harvard's Students for Israel could offer their point of view in a non-confrontational manner. The goal was to make the issues and ideas approachable for the most number of people. The journal also gave us a way to polish our message and to not simply be reactive." The first and only issue, published in the Spring semester, examined such controversial issues as the structure of the PLO, the myth of Jewish colonialism, and the future of Palestinian refugees. In addition t providing a useful timeline of Arab-Israel relations, the

78. Prophecy Central: Rebirth Of Israel New Jerusalem Mosaic Interesting treatment of israel s history and This portion of modern israel s history is like the muscles and the skin being http://www.bible-prophecy.com/israel.htm

Rebirth of Israel Key Scriptures Background Current Events Israel Links ... Excerpts From The Prophecy Puzzle Key Scriptures Click on one of these references to see the passage. Thanks to the services of: And Go To Bible Gateway Go To Blue Letter Bible Includes Commentary Genesis 12:1-3 Further Study Ezekiel 37:1-14 Further Study ... Further Study In the Blue Letter Bible Click on for Treasury of Scripture or click on underlined reference for a list of commentaries. Return to Top Background:Israel's History History of the Land (partial) Canaan - Canaanites, Hittites, Perizites, Amorites Philistia - "Gaza Strip" Israelite Conquest Divided Kingdom Assyrian occupation Babylonian occupation Medo-Persian occupation Greek occupation Syrian occupation Roman occupation Moslem occupation Crusader occupation Ottoman occupation Zionism (1896) Balfour Declaration (1917) British Mandate (1922) Nazi Persecution (1930's-1940's) Independence "Israel" - May 15, 1948 ISRAEL: THE CENTER OF DIVINE HISTORY Study this 15 part series from Zola Levitt's site on the History of Israel by Dr.Thomas S. McCall. Israel: History of conflict BBC timeline from 1948 through Sept. 1999

79. ADL CELEBRATES ISRAEL'S 50TH WITH COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF THE JEWISH STATE' In celebration of israel s fiftieth anniversary, the AntiDefamation League the israel Record, a comprehensive exploration of israel s history, culture, http://www.adl.org/presrele/IslME_62/3055_62.asp

Press Release Categories Anti-Semitism: USA Anti-Semitism: International Black-Jewish Relations Christian-Jewish Relations ... Miscellaneous Resources Press Releases Militia Watchdog Archives Legislative Action Center Regional Offices ... Security for Community Press Release Israel/Middle East ADL CELEBRATES ISRAEL'S 50TH WITH COMPREHENSIVE EXPLORATION OF THE JEWISH STATE'S HISTORY, CULTURE, POLITICS AND SOCIETY New York, NY, October 28, 1997...In celebration of Israel's fiftieth anniversary, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) has produced the Israel Record, a comprehensive exploration of Israel's history, culture, politics, and society. Through firsthand accounts and narratives, the Israel Record examines different periods in Israel's history beginning with the pre-state dreams of Theodor Herzl, founder of modern Zionism, through to the creation of the Jewish state and contemporary times. It provides detailed accounts of Israeli-Arab conflict and the peace process. The publication, in a reader-friendly tabloid format, features archival photographs from the pre-state era through today. The Israel Record, an important resource for this year's Jubilee celebrations, is appropriate for readers of all ages beginning from elementary school. It is being distributed to every Jewish day school, to Social Studies coordinators in metropolitan areas around the country, as well as Jewish Community Relations Councils, Federations and other national and local Jewish organizations. The Israel Record is one of a series of new publications released by ADL on Israel and the Middle East, including The Jerusalem Record, Israel and the United Nations and Towards Final Status: Pending Issues in Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations.

80. Mikveh Israel :: History Mikveh israel s history. Made possible by a grant from the Center City Keen student of history President of Congregation Mikveh israel 19561963 http://www.mikvehisrael.org/History/

Mikveh Israel's History Made possible by a grant from the Center City Kehillah, a project of the Jewish Federation of Greater Philadelphia in cooperation with the Jewish Outreach partnership. A list of references available on request. Gateway to Heaven A Memorial to David Arons Connoisseur of synagogues Keen student of history President of Congregation Mikveh Israel 1956-1963 Donated by his wife, Gladys Arons and Children, 1977 by basing themselves on the three pillars of fundamental Hebrew Tradition: Torah (Learning), Avodah (Service), Tzedakah (Justice and Mercy) can Jewish men and women involve themselves deeply in the complexities of the dynamic American Society yet retain the wholesome strength of Jewish self-identity and self-acceptance. David Arons, March 17, 1961 The tapestry at the synagogue entrance reflects both the religious and historic framework of the congregation. As we walk through the Mikveh Israel sanctuary, we tie the objects and furnishings there to historical events and places of worship and we summarize the activities of its men and women. Thus, we gain insight into the development of the Jewish community in Philadelphia and beyond. Historical Outline Earliest Jewish Settlement Scattered records indicate that there were Jewish traders in the Delaware Valley before William Penn took possession of his colony in 1682. They lived in trading posts and wooden forts as protection from hostile Indians. In 1784, a German traveler listed the presence of Jewish families among the religious sects of early Philadelphia .

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