21. IRAQ HISTORY iraq history. back to WWFOR Iraq Interest Network page. Late 1800s British control Middle East in order to have a land route to India http://www.scn.org/wwfor/iraqhist.html

22. Iraq: History History. Early History through British Influence. Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeological excavations have greatly http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858896.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Iraq History Early History through British Influence Iraq is a veritable treasure house of antiquities, and recent archaeological excavations have greatly expanded the knowledge of ancient history. Prior to the Arab conquest in the 7th cent. A.D. , Iraq had been the site of a number of flourishing civilizations, including the Sumer , which developed one of the earliest known writing systems, Akkad Babylonia , and Assyria . The capital of the Abbasid caliphate was established at Baghdad in the 8th cent. and the city became a famous center for learning and the arts. Despite fierce resistance, Mesopotamia fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 16th cent. and passed under direct Ottoman administration in the 19th cent. (see Ottoman Empire , when it came to constitute the three Turkish provinces of Basra, Baghdad, and Mosul. At this time the area became of great interest to the European powers, especially the Germans, who wanted to extend the Berlin-Baghdad railroad all the way to the port of Kuwait. Faisal I . With strong reluctance an elected Iraqi assembly agreed in 1924 to a treaty with Great Britain providing for the maintenance of British military bases and for a British right of veto over legislation. By 1926 an Iraqi parliament and administration were governing the country. The treaty of 1930 provided for a 25-year alliance with Britain. The British mandate was terminated in 1932, and Iraq was admitted to the League of Nations.

23. The Iraq Page: Uncensored News, Background, Analysis, The Facts They Don't Want history of Iraq, modern political history of Iraq,, short online iraq history,Iraq war protest page, Iraq studies. http://www.e-book.com.au/iraqpage.htm

Iraq Page, 2005 http://www.iraqbodycount.net The Iraqi civilian death toll caused by the Bush administration-led invasion and occupation continues to mount NO WAR : A memorable image that caught the imagination of millions... Support Cindy Sheehan and the Gold Star Families for Peace! Cindy Sheehan is a Gold Star Mother, an American women who has lost a son who was serving in the military in Iraq. The Gold Star Families for Peace are family members who have lost a loved one in Iraq in this manner. They are united in opposition to George Bush's attempt to impose his own plan for that unhappy country by force, by means of an indefinite occupation and perpetual war, in which he throws away ever more American and Iraqi lives in an imperial adventure founded on lies and sustained by deception. After a vigil outside President Bush's ranch at Crawford, Texas, during his month-long August vacation, the "Camp Casey" protestors* are travelling across America by three different routes to Washington DC, for a September 24-26 "United for Peace and Justice" mobilisation. Hopefully this event will be supported worldwide. See http://www.bringthemhomenowtour.org/

24. LII - Results For "iraq History" Results for iraq history 1 of 1. The Story of Iraq. Provides background information on the Iraqi conflict and the war, military forces, weapons inspections, http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Iraq History;subsearch=Iraq H

25. Iraq Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide History. Iraq s mantle as the cradle of civilisation is more than welldeserved. The region once known as Mesopotamia gave birth to the Sumerian, http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/middle_east/iraq/history.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Iraq Iraq It may be down right now, but this picturesque country's not out for the count. View Map Click here Feature Attraction Babylon Babylon, perhaps the most famous of Iraq's ancient sites, was most prominent during the reign of... more > WORLDGUIDE Introduction See Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Not a Place for a Holiday It won't come as a surprise to too many people that Iraq isn't the best place for a holiday at the moment. The turbulent and extreme domestic situation makes Iraq one of the least desirable places in the world to be. Even if you wanted to go, chances are you'd have trouble getting there; there are only a few infrequent commercial carriers running flights to Baghdad's International Airport and only journalists, business people and aid workers are being issued visas. The aftermath of war, severe food shortages, lawlessness and the lack of essential medicine throughout the country hamper the nation's chances of prosperity any time soon.

26. Iraq History And Culture From The Cradle Of Civilization And Noah and culture from the cradle of civilization and noah to the present age and time. http://www.arab.de/arab/Society_Culture/History/more4.html

www.arab.de September 2005 Arabs History Add your Site Modify URL What's New? What's Cool? ... Home Page Sponsored Link Arab! Business-Link - Succeed in marketing your products and services effectively... Get your company listed on ARAB! See Your Ad Here... Pages: Iraq History and Culture from the cradle of civilization and Noah to the Present age and time ( Hits: 305 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Iraq history ( Hits: 330 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Iraq History Culture Site in French dedicated to Mesopotamia, history of ancient civilizations, Iraqi pictures, maps ( Hits: 260 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Kuwait History by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs- rulers, a Chronology of the Gulf War ( Hits: 138 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It Hot? Recommend It Bad? Report It Legacy of Al-Andalus presents the historical relations between Spain and Maghreb and the Arab World, Al-Andalus and Morocco ( Hits: 189 Rating: Votes: 0) Cool? Rate It

27. Iraq History iraq history. iraq history overview of historic events. World66 the travel guide you write. Recent Changes. You are not logged in login register http://www.world66.com/asia/middleeast/iraq/history

Iraq History - overview of historic events the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Iraq Sections Iraq Map History Getting There ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement History [edit this] [Upload image] IRAQ A REPUBLIC since the 1958 coup d'etat that ended the reign of King Faisal II became a sovereign independent state in 1932. Although the modern state the Republic of Iraq is quite young the history of the land and its people dates back more than 5 000 years. Indeed Iraq contains the world's richest known archaeological sites. Here in ancient Mesopotamia (the land between the rivers) the first civilizationthat of Sumer appeared in the Near East. Despite the millennium separating the two epochs Iraqi history displays a continuity shaped by adaptation to the ebbings and flowings of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (in Arabic the Dijlis and Furat respectively). Allowed to flow unchecked the rivers wrought destruction in terrible floods that inundated whole towns. When the rivers were controlled by irrigation dikes and other waterworks the land became extremely fertile. The dual nature of the Tigris and the Euphratestheir potential to be destructive or productivehas resulted in two distinct legacies found throughout Iraqi history. On the one hand Mesopotamia's plentiful water resources and lush river valleys allowed for the production of surplus food that served as the basis for the civilizing trend begun at Sumer and preserved by rulers such as Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.) Cyrus (550-530 B.C.) Darius (520-485 B.C.) Alexander (336-323 B.C.) and the Abbasids (750-1258). The ancient cities of Sumer Babylon and Assyria all were located in what is now Iraq. Surplus food production and joint irrigation and flood control efforts facilitated the growth of a powerful and expanding state.

28. Iraq History History. IRAQ, A REPUBLIC since the 1958 coup d etat that ended the reign of King Faisal II, became a sovereign, independent state in 1932. http://www.country-studies.com/iraq/history.html

History IRAQ, A REPUBLIC since the 1958 coup d'etat that ended the reign of King Faisal II, became a sovereign, independent state in 1932. Although the modern state, the Republic of Iraq, is quite young, the history of the land and its people dates back more than 5,000 years. Indeed, Iraq contains the world's richest known archaeological sites. Here, in ancient Mesopotamia (the land between the rivers), the first civilizationthat of Sumer appeared in the Near East. Despite the millennium separating the two epochs, Iraqi history displays a continuity shaped by adaptation to the ebbings and flowings of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (in Arabic, the Dijlis and Furat, respectively). Allowed to flow unchecked, the rivers wrought destruction in terrible floods that inundated whole towns. When the rivers were controlled by irrigation dikes and other waterworks, the land became extremely fertile. The dual nature of the Tigris and the Euphratestheir potential to be destructive or productivehas resulted in two distinct legacies found throughout Iraqi history. On the one hand, Mesopotamia's plentiful water resources and lush river valleys allowed for the production of surplus food that served as the basis for the civilizing trend begun at Sumer and preserved by rulers such as Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.), Cyrus (550-530 B.C.), Darius (520-485 B.C.), Alexander (336-323 B.C.), and the Abbasids (750-1258). The ancient cities of Sumer, Babylon, and Assyria all were located in what is now Iraq. Surplus food production and joint irrigation and flood control efforts facilitated the growth of a powerful and expanding state.

29. Map Of Iraq, Iraqi Map, Iraq History, Iraq Profile, Iraq Economy, Iraq Culture, Map of Iraq, Iraq Map, Iraqi Map, History of Iraq, iraq history, Iraq Profile, Iraq Information, Iraq Culture, Iraq Economy, Iraq Religion, Iraq Weather, http://www.mapsofworld.com/iraq/

Maps of World Iraq Iraq Outline Map Iraq Political Map Iraq Location Map Country Profile of Iraq ... Flag of Iraq Advertisement www.mapsofworld.com from the promoters of www.mapsofindia.com , the world's largest site on Indian Maps.

30. Iraq History, Iraq Flag, Culture Of Iraq, Economy Of Iraq, History Of Iraq iraq history, Iraq Flag, Culture of Iraq, Economy of Iraq, History of Iraq, Flag of Iraq, People of Iraq, Information on Iraq, Iraq Flag, Iraq Facts, http://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/iraq1.html

To provide information on Iraq, Maps of World offers map of Iraq, details of its flag, its people, its economy, its culture and other such details Maps of World People of Iraq Iraq's two largest ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds. Other distinct groups are Turkomans, Chaldeans, Assyrians, Iranians, Lurs, and Armenians. While Arabic is the most commonly spoken language, Kurdish is spoken in the north, and English is the most commonly spoken Western language. About 75% of Iraq's population lives in the flat, alluvial plain stretching southeast toward Baghdad and Basrah to the Persian Gulf. Most Iraqi Muslims are members of the Shi'a sect, but there is a large Sunni population as well, made up of both Arabs and Kurds. Small communities of Christians, Jews, Bahais, Mandaeans, and Yezidis also exist. Most Kurds are Sunni Muslim but differ from their Arab neighbors in language, dress, and customs. Arts, Culture and Music of Iraq Iraq is where the Mesopotamia Civilization that went on to influence the European and Asian civilizations grew. So as far as culture is concerned, Iraq has a rich heritage. The country is known for its poets and its painters and sculptors are among the best in the Arab world, some of them being world-class. Besides this, Iraq is also known for producing fine handicrafts, including rugs and carpets. The architecture of Iraq is best seen in the sprawling metropolis of Baghdad, where the construction is almost entirely new, with some islands of exquisite old buildings and compounds.

31. Iraq History And Government | AME Info Country Guide Iraq » History and Government. History. Mesopotamia – the core of modern In 1968, Iraq’s final coup in recent history brought to power the Ba’ath Party. http://www.ameinfo.com/iraq_history_government/

Friday, September 23 - 2005 Home E-mail User Login AME Info - the ultimate Middle East business resource ... Iraq : History and Government History In 1920, Iraq was placed under a League of Nations mandate administered by the UK, whose forces had occupied most of the country. The Hashemite Amir Faisal ibn Hussain, brother of the new ruler of neighbouring Jordan, Abdallah, was proclaimed King in 1921. The country achieved independence in 1932, but British forces intervened once again in 1941 to prevent a pro-Nazi coup. British troops were finally withdrawn in 1947. In 1958, the Hashemite Dynasty was overthrown by a group of radical army officers inspired by the example of Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt, and led by Brigadier Abdul al-Karim Kassem. The new regime failed to consolidate its position, however, and relied on a precarious coalition of forces, which quickly disintegrated. The fighting lasted until August 1988 when the two exhausted nations sued for peace with Iraq having made some minor territorial gains. The Iraqi economy was crippled and had incurred an enormous foreign debt, much of which was owed to neighbouring Kuwait: this became a serious source of friction between the two governments over the next two years. Government The regime of President Saddam Hussein was toppled in April 2003 and the country gained a new government in mid-2004. Iyad Allawi is currently prime minister and Ghazi Yawer is president.

32. Iraq History, Geography, And Economy Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a http://www.portaliraq.com/aboutiraq.php

Home Iraqi Dinar Iraq Jobs Business Directory ... Search Exchange Rate 1 USD = 1471 IQD Buy Iraqi Dinar Iraq News Iraq Business News Archive what's this? Iraq Jobs ... BuyDinar Now! Iraq Business Directory (470) Index Browse Submit a Company Practical Iraq Maps Links Links 2 Contact Us About Iraq About Iraq Iraqi Embassies Advertising Center Advertise with us From the CIA World Factbook Introduction Iraq Background: Geography Iraq Location: Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait Geographic coordinates: 33 00 N, 44 00 E Map references: Middle East Area: total: 437,072 sq km water: 4,910 sq km land: 432,162 sq km Area - comparative: slightly more than twice the size of Idaho Land boundaries: total: 3,650 km border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km Coastline: 58 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: not specified territorial sea: 12 NM Climate: mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq Terrain: mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey

33. Iraq History iraq history Please submit information or links explaining iraq history. http://www.hobotraveler.com/hi2iraqhistory.php

Iraq History Iraq History Please submit links or URL to History of this country for other travelers to understand and appreciate how to travel in this country. Explain events, stories, places to go, or the best Historical destinations. History ! Click Here to Add a New Travel Link or Comment Add a New Travel Link or Comment To Add a Travel Link to this Hobotraveler.Com page fill out the form below and click submit. GOT a Travel Tip or something to say about a topic? Adding a comment is easy! Just, fill out the Name, E-mail, Title, Location, Comments fields and click 'Add Comment'. * indicates required fields needed for posting a comment Name: E-Mail Address: Site Title/Title: Webpage: City: State/Province: Country: Comments: If you would like to receive the credit for referring another travel site as a great resource for budget travelers please fill in these two fields. Referred By: Referred By's Website: By submitting to HoboTraveler.com, you agree to the HoboTraveler.com Terms of Service Please submit URL or add link explain the History of these countries. Acadia History Afghanistan History Albania History Algeria History ... Korea Dem. Peoples Republic History

34. The Left Coaster: Sand Creek Colorado And Iraq: History Redux? Sand Creek Colorado and iraq history Redux? I was watching TV with my son Monday night and we started to watch “Into the West”. http://www.theleftcoaster.com/archives/004856.php

Main Monday :: Jul 11, 2005 Sand Creek Colorado and Iraq: History Redux? I was watching TV with my son Monday night and we started to watch “Into the West”. I’ve always found these kinds of stories interesting. I know enough to know that liberties are taken. My son is going to major in history so his favorite sport is to find how many errors are made in such shows. This particular episode had to do with the Sand Creek Massacre in Colorado in 1864, where the US army slaughtered a group of Cheyenne Indians who had thought they were under the protection of the Army. Neither of us had every heard of this episode of American History. At the end of the show I sat in my chair utterly stunned, not just because of the brutality of the massacre but also how it eerily followed the events with the Iraq war. So today I have spent a little time gathering information on the Sand Creek Massacre and what I have been able to find supports the major events in the show and even describe the brutality in much greater detail. The primary point of contention was the rapid movement of white settlers into what had been the buffalo hunting grounds. There had been violence perpetrated by a portion of the Cheyenne tribe against the settlers. One of the chiefs, Black Kettle, worked hard for peace even traveling to Washington to see president Lincoln who gave him a US flag and another chief was given a peace medal. In 1864 Black Kettle and others traveled to Denver to meet with Governor Evens and Col. John Chivinton who commanded a volunteer regiment whose purpose was to deal with the “Indian Problem”. Black Kettle’s mission was to once again reassure everyone that he wanted peace. Apparently Evans who was interested mostly in the economic development in the area used isolated incidents of violence by the Indians to send Chivington out into the field against the Indians. The show had a scene in which the mutilated bodies of a family killed by Indians near Denver were put on display to help recriut people for the volunteer regiment. One of the sources below talks about the Hugate family that was killed near Denver. Chivington was once a member of the clergy but his love of fellow man did not extend to Indians whom he hated.

35. Iraq History - Books, Journals, Articles @ The Questia Online Library We searched for iraq AND history and found 17768 total results. The interest which Iraq offered formerly to the world that of history, archaeology, http://www.questia.com/search/iraq-history

Questia The World's Largest Online Library Primary Navigation Skip Home Page Search Page Read Page ... Subscribe Page Secondary Navigation Skip About Questia Subscribe Requirements ... Login Search the Library: Advanced Search Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Research Topics We searched for: iraq AND history we found: results by media type: books: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: Research Topics on: iraq history List All Research Topics Iraqi History books on: iraq history - 7241 results More book Results: Iran and Iraq at War Book by Shahram Chubin Charles Tripp ; Westview Press, 1988 Subjects: Iran-Iraq War, 1980-1988 Middle EastPolitics And Government1945- ...Shahram. Iran and Iraq at war / by Shahram...government1945- 3. Iran History Iraq History 1958- I. Tripp, Charles...fate in modern Iraqi history ; membership of the...initiated to expel from Iraq any Iraqi who had even... The United Nations and Iraq: Defanging the Viper Book by Jean E. Krasno

36. Country Study Iraq Social Studies iraq history A brief overview of the history of Iraq. Special Edition iraq history Series The history of Iraq over the past century has been http://www.archaeolink.com/country_of_iraq_people_history_c.htm

Iraq People History Culture Social Studies Home Afghanistan Social Studies Albania Social Studies Algeria Social Studies ... Vietnam Social Studies You may find additional information about the country of your choice in the sections for Archaeology Anthropology or Ancient Civilizations Iraq Tourism Please Note: If you sometimes get an error message when clicking on a large text link, don't give up. Try the URL link instead. There are times when the large text link doesn't "take" for some reason, thus the built-in redundancy. Thank you. Go to Iraq Capital City Baghdad City Profile CIA - The World Factbook Iraq _ A detailed look at Iraq including history, culture, political structure, economy and many other topics. - From US Central Intelligence Agency - http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/iz.html Colleges and Universities - Iraq List of schools with direct contact links - From Robert-Jan Bulter - http://www.bulter.nl/universities/iq.html

37. Iraq History iraq history why stay ye so long outside the door, and soldiers, it is also true of Gluttonie, Italy of wantonnesse, princely home with forms corresponding http://iraq-history.france.net.nz/

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38. Iraq: History GBGM provides extensive resources on mission concernsglobal news, advocacy, evangelization, theology (John Wesley) and houses hundreds of UM groups. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=52

39. IRAQ HISTORY LESSON - Charles Krauthammer - Benador Associates iraq history LESSON Charles Krauthammer - Benador Associates. http://www.benadorassociates.com/article/4889

Public Relations Articles by Our Members Eleana's Choice From Eleana's Desk Home ... Mailing List IRAQ HISTORY LESSON by Charles Krauthammer Washington Post June 4, 2004 "Today the guns are silent. . . . The entire world is quietly at peace." So said Douglas MacArthur in September 1945. Last week, seeing that quotation, now inscribed in stone at the new National World War II Memorial in Washington, I was struck, touched, by its optimism. And transience. The end of the war brought peace to Germany and Japan, which had been reduced to rubble. But that was the peace of the grave. There was no peace in Greece or China, where guerrilla war continued through the 1940s. There was tremendous civil unrest in France, where communist parties came very close to winning power. And then, of course, the post-colonial aftermath: wars in India, Palestine, Indochina, Burma, and the list goes on. A few days after my encounter with that MacArthur quotation, I read a brilliant and impassioned article by the eminent British military historian John Keegan, skewering the commonplace and ahistorical idea claiming World War II as a model that wars end cleanly, neatly and completely. Keegan's article (London Daily Telegraph, June 1) detailed the bloody aftermath that continued for years after MacArthur's words on the battleship Missouri. Keegan's larger point was contemporary, however. "The British and American media retail with evident satisfaction every scrap of information" bad war news, coalition soldiers' misconduct that "undermines any expectation by readers and viewers of a successful outcome to the Iraqi involvement." That the transition from the coalition conquest of last April 9 to whatever new Iraq emerges will be difficult, bloody and contentious is the historical norm, argues Keegan. Yet it has been used by critics to discredit both the war and Bush and Blair for having undertaken it.

40. U.S. Iraq History freedom of information, freedom of information, Bush, plan, invading, war, Iraq, regime change, before, becoming, President. http://foi.missouri.edu/evolvingissues/usiraqtimeline.html

The Freedom of Information Center U.S. Iraq history Philadelphia Daily News January 27, 2003. June 1979: Saddam Hussein, a leader of a coup that had seized power in Iraq 10 years earlier, officially becomes the nation’s leader. He launches war on neighboring Iran the next year. Dec. 20, 1983: Then-President Ronald Reagan dispatches a former defense secretary, Donald Rumsfeld, as a special envoy to Baghdad, where he is photographed shaking hands with Saddam. The U.S. sees Iraq as a possible buffer against Iran’s radical Islamic fundamentalism. 1988: George H.W. Bush is elected president, while the Iran-Iraq war finally ends. Aug. 2, 1990: Iraq invades and occupies oil-rich Kuwait, its neighbor. The United States and other allies vow to dislodge Saddam. March 3, 1991: U.S.-led Operation Desert Storm retakes Kuwait and routs the Iraqi army. Then- President Bush decides not to oust Saddam, fearing a power vacuum and uncertainty if he is dislodged. February 1992: A team working with deputy defense secretary Paul Wolfowitz drafts a policy to more aggressively use American military power around the globe, both to rout unfriendly regimes and to keep potential rivals in check. The plan is rejected after public outcry. Later that year, Bush is defeated for re-election by Bill Clinton. June 3, 1997: A new conservative policy group with close ties to a number of former members of the Bush administration is formed, calling itself the Project for the New American Century, or PNAC. The group supports more funding for the military and pre-emptive use of American might, if necessary.

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