101. History Of Iran: Constitutional Revolution All you need to know about iran. The iranian government was officially notified of this pact on September 7, 1907 by Russian and British Ambassadors. http://www.iranchamber.com/history/constitutional_revolution/constitutional_revo

Home History Iran's Guide Podium Constitutional Revolution D uring the early 1900s the only way to save country from government corruption and foreign manipulation was to make a written code of laws. This sentiment caused the Constitutional Revolution. There had been a series of ongoing covert and overt activities against Naser o-Din Shah’s despotic rule, for which many had lost their lives. The efforts of freedom fighers finally bore fruit during the reign of Moazaferedin Shah. Mozafaredin shah ascended to throne on June 1896. In the wake of the relentless efforts of freedom fighters, Mozafar o-Din Shah of Qajar dynasty was forced to issued the decree for the constitution and the creation of an elected parliament (the Majlis) in August 5, 1906. The royal power limited and a parliamentary system established. Bakhtiari Revolutionaries in camp outside Esfahan (June 1909) In front, in a white coat with a sword, is Mohammad Ebrahim Khan, Zabet of Julfa. On August 18, 1906, the first Legislative assembly (called as Supreme National Assembly), was formed in the Military Academy to make the preparations for the openning of the first Term of the National Consultative Assembly and drafting the election law thereof. During this meeting, Prime Minister Moshirul Doleh, delivered a speech as the head of the cabinet. The session concluded with the address made by Malek Al Motokalemin. On October 7th, 1906 in a speech made in spite of his poor health, Mozaferedin Shah inaugurated the first session of the National Consultative Assembly. At this them the session was formed in the absence of representatives from provinces.

102. Iran - GOVERNMENT At that time, iran supported the government of Hafiz al Assad against the iran s backing of the Syrian government was significant because the Muslim http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/iran/GOVERNMENT.html

COUNTRY STUDIES Iran - GOVERNMENT Iran - Government and Politics Iran THE IRANIAN ISLAMIC REVOLUTION of 1979 resulted in the replacement of the monarchy by the Islamic Republic of Iran. The inspiration for the new government came from Ayatollah Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini, who first began formulating his concept of an Islamic government in the early 1970s, while in exile in the Shia Islam learning and pilgrimage center of An Najaf in Iraq. Khomeini's principal objective was that government should be entrusted to Islamic clergy who had been appropriately trained in Islamic theology and jurisprudence. He referred to this ideal government as a velayat-e faqih, or the guardianship of the religious jurist. Khomeini did not, however, elaborate concrete ideas about the institutions and functions of this ideal Islamic government. The translation of his ideas into a structure of interrelated governmental institutions was undertaken by the special Assembly of Experts, which drafted the Constitution of the Islamic Republic during the summer and fall of 1979. Subsequently, this Constitution was ratified by popular vote in December 1979. The political institutions established under the Constitution have been in the process of consolidation since 1980. These institutions have withstood serious challenges, such as the impeachment and removal from office of the first elected president and the assassination of the second one; the assassination of a prime minister, several members of the cabinet, and deputies of the parliament, or Majlis; an effort to overthrow the government by armed opposition; and a major foreign war. By 1987 the constitutional government's demonstrated ability to survive these numerous crises inspired confidence among the political elite.

103. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Iran - Government Facts And Figures government and political information for iran. local long form Jomhuriye Eslami-ye iran. government type, theocratic republic. Capital, Tehran http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ir/Iran_government.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Middle East Iran (Facts) Iran - Government (Facts) Country name: conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran conventional short form: Iran local short form: Iran former: Persia local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran Government type: theocratic republic Capital: Tehran Administrative divisions: 28 provinces (ostanha, singular - ostan); Ardabil, Azarbayjan-e Gharbi, Azarbayjan-e Sharqi, Bushehr, Chahar Mahall va Bakhtiari, Esfahan, Fars, Gilan, Golestan, Hamadan, Hormozgan, Ilam, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan, Khuzestan, Kohgiluyeh va Buyer Ahmad, Kordestan, Lorestan, Markazi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Qom, Semnan, Sistan va Baluchestan, Tehran, Yazd, Zanjan Independence: 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed) National holiday: Republic Day, 1 April (1979) note: additional holidays celebrated widely in Iran include Revolution Day, 11 February (1979); Noruz (New Year's Day), 21 March; Constitutional Monarchy Day, 5 August (1925) Constitution: 2-3 December 1979; revised 1989 to expand powers of the presidency and eliminate the prime ministership

104. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Iran - Government And Political Condit iran government and Political Conditions. government The December 1979 iranian constitution defines the political, economic, and social order of the http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ir/Iran_government_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Middle East Iran (Notes) Iran - Government and Political Conditions (Notes) GOVERNMENT The president of the republic is elected by universal suffrage to a 4-year term by an absolute majority of votes and supervises the affairs of the executive branch. The president appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers (members of the cabinet), coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the National Assembly. The National Assembly consists of 290 members elected to a 4-year term. The members are elected by direct and secret ballot from among the candidates approved to run by the Council of Guardians. All legislation from the assembly must be reviewed by the Council of Guardians. The Council's six lawyers vote only on limited questions of the constitutionality of legislation; the religious members consider all bills for conformity to Islamic principles. In 1988, Ayatollah Khomeini created the Council for Expediency, which resolves legislative issues on which the Majles and the Council of Guardians fail to reach an agreement. Since 1989, it has been used to advise the national religious leader on matters of national policy as well. It is composed of the heads of the three branches of government, the clerical members of the Council of Guardians, and members appointed by the national religious leader for 3-year terms. Cabinet members and Majles committee chairs also serve as temporary members when issues under their jurisdictions are considered.

105. No War On Iran!: More On Conflating Iran's "Government" With Its "People" More on Conflating iran s government with its People . Posted by Alireza. In the last post, Niki pointed out that it was both disingenuous and dangerous http://www.nowaroniran.com/archives/000017.shtml

No War on Iran! Main February 04, 2005 More on Conflating Iran's "Government" with its "People" Posted by Alireza In the last post, Niki pointed out that it was both disingenuous and dangerous to radically de-couple "the people" from "the government" in the current climate of threats being made against Iran: "We may be able to tell the difference," between government and people, she said, but "bombs cannot." I would like to add a point to this argument: Even "we," the observers of the current standoff on the Iranian nuclear program, no matter where we stand politically on this issue, need to be very careful about being able to make the distinction between government and people correctly. This is important, I believe, because at least on the surface of things, these two entities seem to view the nuclear issue somewhat differently, and it is important to carefully consider this difference. The Iranian government has always adamantly insisted that its nuclear program is strictly for energy purposes, that it cannot rely on oil alone to satisfy its growing energy needs (Iran actually imports billions of liters of gasoline each year ), and that mastering the technology for nuclear energy production is a key objective in ensuring national "self-sufficiency." To allay concerns that the energy program might be a front for a nuclear weapons program, the Iranian government recently signed on to the additional protocol of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, which has been signed by less than half of NPT member-states so far, and which allows for snap inspections of nuclear facilities by experts of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

106. Human Rights First | Human Rights Defender Cases Release Akbar Ganji Jailed for Exposing iranian government’s Complicity in in iran who has written extensively about the involvement of government http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/defenders/hrd_iran/alert071305_ganji.htm

Iranian Human Rights Lawyer Framed; Call for Immediate Release Kurdish Women's Rights Activist Summoned to Revolutionary Court in Iran Human Rights Defenders Program For more information, please contact Elena Steiger Tel: 212 845 5298 Alert Issued: July 13, 2005 Update: Akbar Ganji was transferred to a hospital for treatment on Sunday, July 17. Ganji has been on hunger strike for over a month and is reported to be gravely ill. Within the last week, President George Bush, EU leaders and five U.N. human rights experts have all joined international human rights organizations in urging the Iranian authorities to provide Mr. Ganji with appropriate medical attention. Several hundred protesters gathered outside Tehran University on Tuesday, July 12 to demand the release of Akbar Ganji. According to news sources, Iranian police broke up the protest and beat several of the protesters, including a young woman, and made at least six arrests. The Iranian authorities that have imprisoned Ganji are responsible for his health and safety. Join Human Rights First in calling for the Iranian authorities to allow Akbar Ganji immediate access to urgently-needed medical care.

107. Banker Middle East - Your Indispensable Guide To The Regional Banking Industry Change is afoot in iran as the government has committed itself to The promise of change in iran has often fallen short, and the government will have to http://www.bankerme.com/bme/2003/jun/country_profile.asp

Search JUNE ISSUE HOME CPILIVE.NET SUBSCRIPTION ... ADVERTISING country profile Iran’s banks will face the markets again Change is afoot in Iran as the government has committed itself to privatising the banking sector, but is this likely to be a quick and painless transition? In January this year, the Iranian government announced its intention to privatise all state-owned banks, with the single exception of Bank Melli Iran. It has been deliberating this move for the past two years or so, ever since the proposal was first mooted in parliament, but now finds itself taking the first tentative steps towards a privatisation process that should eventually bring a new lease of life to the national economy. Prior to the 1979 Islamic Revolution all major Iranian banks were privately owned, again with the exception of Bank Melli Iran which has always been a government-held institution. When the revolution came though, the exodus of businessmen and investors meant that many companies that had borrowed from Iranian banks were either unable or unwilling to repay their debts. As a result, the financial system plunged into catastrophic instability. The Central Bank of Iran (CBI) has since admitted that almost every bank in the country bordered on bankruptcy. In 1981, in an effort to stabilise the situation, the government made a decision to confiscate all privately owned banks, and merged them all together to make ten large state run institutions. Six of these state banks dealt with commercial banking and four were transformed into specialised banks. All banking activities were reconfigured to conform to Shariah precepts.

108. Nuclear Files: Statement By The Iranian Government And Visiting EU Foreign Minis Upon the invitation of the government of the Islamic Republic of iran the Foreign Ministers of Britain, France and Germany paid a visit to Tehran on October http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/nuclear-weapons/issues/proliferation

Key Issues Nuclear Weapons Issues Proliferation ... Iran Iranian Statement Statement by the Iranian Government and visiting EU Foreign Ministers 21 October 2003 1. Upon the invitation of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran the Foreign Ministers of Britain, France and Germany paid a visit to Tehran on October 21, 2003. The Iranian authorities and the ministers, following extensive consultations, agreed on measures aimed at the settlement of all outstanding IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] issues with regards to the Iranian nuclear programme and at enhancing confidence for peaceful cooperation Printer Friendly in the nuclear field. 2. The Iranian authorities reaffirmed that nuclear weapons have no place in Iran's defence doctrine and that its nuclear programme and activities have been exclusively in the peaceful domain. They reiterated Iran's commitment to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and informed the ministers that: a. The Iranian Government has decided to engage in full co-operation with the IAEA to address and resolve through full transparency all requirements and outstanding issues of the Agency and clarify and correct any possible failures and deficiencies within the IAEA. b. To promote confidence with a view to removing existing barriers for co-operation in the nuclear field:

109. Country Risk – Iran, Government To Restart Nuclear Programme Financial Risk Management News is for financial professionals whose responsibility is to measure or manage business risks. Use riskadjusted information in http://www.riskcenter.com/story.php?id=11254

110. A Daily Briefing On Iran iran s government spokesman hopes Ganji s case to be settled soon Islamic Republic News Agency. government spokesman Abdullah Ramezanzadeh here Tuesday http://regimechangeiran.blogspot.com/2005/07/irans-government-spokesman-hopes_27

111. Lawsuits Against Iran's Government Islamic Republic of iran et al. was filed, this time at the District Court of DC against an inadequate compensation offered by the government of iran. http://www.soudavar.com/page9.html

Lawsuits against Iran's Government Abolala Soudavar et al. v. Islamic Republic of Iran et al. was filed on 3/30/1998 to recover compensation for the taking of the Khawar Industrial Group as stipulated by the relevant nationalization law of Iran. The District Court denied jurisdiction but it's decision was vacated by the Court of Appeal who nonetheless denied jurisdiction in a faulty and treacherous decision now questioned by many jurists. On appeal to the Supreme Court, certiorari was denied. Houston District Court Judgment, Appeal Brief, filed 3/4/99 Court of Appeal Decision Supreme Court Petition filed on 12/6/99. Cert.denied 2/22/2000. Case Closed 2nd Series A 2nd lawsuit, Abolala Soudavar v. Islamic Republic of Iran et al. was filed, this time at the District Court of Washington D.C. against an inadequate compensation offered by the Government of Iran. Original Complaint Motion to Dismiss Resp. to Motion to Dismiss Order of dismissal Appeal Brief Court of Appeals ... Supreme Court Petition Denied 1/12/2004. A notherlawsuit

112. Iran: Amnesty International Concerned About Possible Government Involvement In D Amnesty International (AI) is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights. http://www.web.amnesty.org/ai.nsf/Index/MDE130071996?OpenDocument&of=COUNTRIES\I

113. Iran's Secret Blueprint For The Destruction Of The Bahá'í Community The emergence in early 1993 of a heretofore secret iranian government of the iranian government s attempts to destroy the Bah? community of iran. http://bahai.org/article-1-8-3-14.html

Your browser cannot display this menu Social and Economic Development Moral Development Human Rights Advancement of Women Iran's Secret Blueprint for the Destruction of the Bahá'í Community RELATED DOCUMENTS A Translation of the 1991 Iranian Government document on "the Bahá'í question" The emergence in early 1993 of a heretofore secret Iranian Government memorandum aimed at establishing policy on "the Bahá'í question" has convincingly demonstrated that Iran's policies toward the Bahá'ís are in fact centrally orchestrated, as the worldwide Bahá'í community has claimed for many years. Indeed, the memorandum confirms every allegation the Bahá'í International Community has made at the United Nations concerning the deliberate and systematic persecution of the Bahá'ís. It also removes all doubt that Iranian authorities have been and continue to be motivated solely by religious intolerance and hatred. No other Government document has revealed so clearly the determination of Iran's highest officials to uproot the Bahá'í Faith from Iran and even to attack it abroad. The House of the Báb in Shiraz, one of the holiest shrines in the Bahá'í world, was demolished by Iranian authorities soon after the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979. Its destruction stands as an ominous symbol of the Iranian Government's attempts to destroy the Bahá'í community of Iran.

114. News Center : In Focus : IAEA And Iran In Focus IAEA and iran. Statement by the iranian government and visiting EU Upon the invitation of the government of the Islamic Republic of iran the http://www.iaea.org/NewsCenter/Focus/IaeaIran/statement_iran21102003.shtml

Contact Us Help Site Index Signup for News Search : Web IAEA.org About IAEA Our Work News Centre Publications Data Centre You are in : Home News Centre In Focus News Centre Top Stories Feature Stories In Focus Press Releases ... Transcripts In Focus : IAEA and Iran Statement by the Iranian Government and visiting EU Foreign Ministers 21 October 2003 Upon the invitation of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran the Foreign Ministers of Britain, France and Germany paid a visit to Tehran on October 21, 2003. The Iranian authorities and the ministers, following extensive consultations, agreed on measures aimed at the settlement of all outstanding IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] issues with regards to the Iranian nuclear programme and at enhancing confidence for peaceful cooperation in the nuclear field. The Iranian authorities reaffirmed that nuclear weapons have no place in Iran's defence doctrine and that its nuclear programme and activities have been exclusively in the peaceful domain. They reiterated Iran's commitment to the nuclear non-proliferation regime and informed the ministers that: The Iranian Government has decided to engage in full co-operation with the IAEA to address and resolve through full transparency all requirements and outstanding issues of the Agency and clarify and correct any possible failures and deficiencies within the IAEA.

115. Iran Pressed To Release Journalist His attacks on iran s government have not ceased during his imprisonment. In another sign of a human rights crackdown in iran, the government on July 30 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/04/AR2005080401827.

116. Some Bombs Used In Iraq Are Made In Iran, US Says - New York Times to attack American and government forces in Iraq have been designed in iran American officials say they have no evidence that the iranian government http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/06/politics/06bomb.html

117. Statement By The Iranian Government And Visiting EU Foreign Ministers GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source for reliable WMD news and WMD information, directed by John Pike. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/2003/iran-031021-eu.htm

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118. IRAN/PRO-GOVERNMENT RALLY GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source for reliable WMD news and WMD information, directed by John Pike. http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/1999/990714-iran1.htm

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119. Ahwazi: Dossier Of Human Rights Violations And Abuses By The Iranian Government and abuses by the iranian government against the indigenous Ahwazi Arabs in iran On 28 January 2002, iranian government executed four Ahwazi Arab http://www.unpo.org/news_detail.php?arg=06&par=488

120. A Few Thoughts Before We 'Liberate' Iran By Steven LaTulippe Meanwhile, the drumbeat for an attack against iran continues more stridently The basic criticisms of the iranian government revolve around the powers of http://www.lewrockwell.com/latulippe/latulippe35.html

Home About Columnists Blog ... Donate A Few Thoughts Before We 'Liberate' Iran by Steven LaTulippe by Steven LaTulippe It appears as though the long knives are out in Washington. Career operatives in the CIA and State Department who opposed the neocons’ attempt to "sex up" the intel during the run-up to the Iraq War are being purged wholesale. Various cliques at the CIA, who systematically leaked information to the press about just how bad things are in Iraq, are being replaced by yes-men or ideologues who can be relied upon to "toe the administration line". Anyone still doubting the Trotskyite ancestry of the neocons should finally be convinced by this housecleaning, which is being perpetrated in a manner that would make Chairman Mao blush (and which is also compromising our security by terminating numerous experienced intelligence analysts). Meanwhile, the drumbeat for an attack against Iran continues more stridently than ever. Elements within this administration are opening a propaganda campaign designed to sabotage the European Union’s attempt to negotiate an agreement with Iran concerning its nuclear weapons program. Rumors and innuendo are being spread about the deceit of the Europeans, the duplicity of the Iranians, and the impotence of diplomacy as a means to solve this dispute.

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