21. Untitled Entries usually include a related info section with related bios and websites of on specific groups of people (inventors, scientists, artists, etc. http://www.suite101.com/print_article.cfm/9460/98194

URL: http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/9460/98194 How To Find Biographical Information on the Internet Author: Gillian Davis Published on: January 31, 2003 Enjoy! Hope it's useful. General Biography Sites Lives, the Biography Resource Claims to be "The largest guide to biography sites on the Web... With 3945 listings representing almost 3500 biographical pages and sites", and I believe them! Browse alphabetically by last name, or by category such as era, region, or profession. Also features special collections of resources including "Canadians", "Women", "African Americans", etc. Nicely organized and VERY comprehensive. Also has a keyword search feature. *Important Note* - this resource only includes biographies of people who have died. Exception: people found in the Collections (General Collections, Professions, Eras, Regions, Criticism) may be living.* Biography.com Infoplease.com Biography I love Infoplease. All their reference resources are great, and this is no exception. You can "search the more than 30,000 biographies in our almanacs, dictionary, and encyclopedia" or you can browse by category, such as World Rulers, Entertainers, Women, Artists, Athletes, Writers, Explorers, and much, much more. The only thing negative about Infoplease is the amount of annoying pop-up ads. Still, a great resource. Biographical Dictionary "This dictionary covers more than 28,000 notable men and women who have shaped our world from ancient times to the present day." A lot of entries, but not a lot of information is in each entry bios are short. Another drawback is there is no browsing feature, the database must be searched (by name, keyword or date). Tricky if you don't know the spelling. But searching by date is a nice feature, and there are good searching tips given.

22. Presidential Symposia: Cosmologies And World Views: Speaker Bios. I am one of the main inventors and developers of the theory of Cold Dark Matter He is currently completing a fourth book on interpretation as a specific http://prelectur.stanford.edu/symposia/cosmobios.html

COSMOLOGIES AND WORLD VIEWS PARTICIPANT BIOGRAPHIES Symposium Introduction Detailed Schedule of Events Steve Chu Moderator, first symposium session Steven Chu is the Theodore and Frances Geballe Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University. Professor Chu's research is primarily in atomic physics, quantum electronics, polymer and bio-physics. His thesis and postdoctoral work at Berkeley, the observation of parity non-conservation in atomic transitions in 1978, was one of the early confirmations of the Weinberg-Salam-Glashow theory that unifies the weak and electromagnetic forces. and an electron. Other contributions include the study of exciton energy transfer in solids, anomalous pulse propagation in absorbing medium, and the development of a transmission line, near-field microscope. Chu has been awarded the Herbert Broida Prize for Spectroscopy (American Physical Society, 1987), Richtmyer Memorial Prize Lecturer (APS/AAPT, 1990), co-winner of the King Faisal International Prize for Science (1993), the Arthur Schawlow Prize for Laser Science (APS, 1994), the William Meggers Award for Laser Spectroscopy (Optical Society of America, 1994), the Science for Art Prize (Louis Vitton - Möet Hennesey, 1995), and co-winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1997). Chu received a Humboldt Senior Scientist award (1995) and the Guggenheim Fellowship (1996). He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Academica Sinica, and is a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Korean Academy of Science and Engineering.

23. United Inventors Association Ask The Experts Archives I was told that an overseas division was handling the bioslevel stuff. Good News - there is only 1 Inventor s Digest. I d be more specific in my http://www.uiausa.com/Services/AskExperts/Archives/ArchivesMisc2.htm

Home Membership Help Resources Articles ... Search Ask The Experts Archives Miscellaneous Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Search the Ask the Experts Archives: search tips Question #137: I am considering hiring a digital graphics specialist to develop my idea more fully. Is there a standard contract I can use to protect myself and to delineate his responsibilities? Or should I go through an attorney? Jeff R Question #139: My patent attorney has just gotten the search back and we are about to file for the patents, with the balance of her fee coming due (about $4500.).My husband has a coworker who would like to invest in the idea and help with this fee. What would be an appropriate amount to offer him for compensation? Are there any kind of guidelines for inventors and their investors? Melinda S Question #142: How well would an Emailed signed disclosure form hold up in court? Brian S Question #144: I have recently licensed a patent to a manufacturer. They will be producing and selling the product through their factory and distributor/dealer network in exchange for a royalty. Do I need to purchase product liability insurance to cover myself? This issue was not addressed in the licensing agreement. The product is a device used by earth moving contractors in the construction industry. Thank you! Tracy L Question #145: I'm an inventor of a patented device used in outdoors camping. A marketing firm has offered to market my invention at no cost. They want a non-exclusive distributor arrangement. They say they have several manufacturing resources looking at manufacturing. I don't have a clue what to charge for the non-exclusive license. I would greatly appreciate your advice.

24. How To Read A Patent 19 Type of the publication (eg, US Patent) and first inventor s name. Dependent claims are also written to protect specific embodiments of an http://www.bios.net/daisy/bios/50/202

Home About BiOS Patent Lens BioForge ... Search How to Read a Patent In this section, we provide a roadmap of U.S. Patent No. 5,723,765 with explanatory text of the purpose and goals of each section. The U.S. patent is used as a model because of its well-ordered structure and because its format is similar to patents in other major jurisdictions (e.g., Europe). Download this tutorial as a PDF See the complete text of U.S. Patent 5,723,765 (PDF - 2.59M). This patent has three main sections: a cover page which presents bibliographic information, a specification, which describes the invention, and claims, which define the the scope of activity from which the patentee has the right to exclude others unless they sign licensing agreements. Cover Page - Bibliographic information The cover page presents information that is mainly bibliographic in nature. None of this information, including the abstract, has any legal import for interpreting the patent. The data provides notice mainly of historical facts and identifying elements, such as application filing date and serial number. A bracketed number, which is found adjacent to each data sub-section on the cover page, refers to a specific field that the Patent Office uses for internal identification purposes. For ease of discussion, the same numbers are referred to in this primer.

25. The Advisory Council - Expert Bios His specific areas of expertise include infrastructure management, animationsystem; and has been an inventor of online technologies and applications. http://www.tacadvisory.com/ex_expertbios.asp

Jessica Keyes InfoTrends: The Competitive Use of Information Solving the Productivity Paradox and the Software Engineering Handbook Ian Hayes Over 26 years experience in improving the business returns generated by IT investments. He helps companies focus on value-creating projects and services by better targeting IT investments, improving the effectiveness of IT execution, optimizing the sourcing of IT activities and establishing measurement programs that tie IT performance to business value delivered. He is the author of three IT books, most recently Just Enough Wireless Computing , and hundreds of articles, a popular speaker at conferences, and his clients include many of the world’s top corporations. Sanjay Anand Over 20 years of information technology and business process management experience as a strategic advisor, certified consultant, professional speaker and published author. Over 100 personal clients, both large and small, have included companies from a diverse array of industries and geographies, spanning from academia to technology and from Asia to the Americas. Often referred to as a "consultant’s consultant" for training and mentoring skills. Author of books The Sarbanes-Oxley Guide for Finance and Information Technology Professionals and J.D. Edwards OneWorld: A Beginner's Guide

26. Flexible Interface Patent 0009 In order to work with the said interface, an interfacespecific driver Advertise on FreshPatents.com Reach technology professionals, inventors, http://www.freshpatents.com/Flexible-interface-dt20050721ptan20050160199.php

Monitor Patents - Flexible interface Title/Abstract Agents Agents by City Apps by Location FreshPatents Search A FREE service from FreshPatents... PATENT KEYWORD MONITOR 3 steps to Unlock the Secrets of new technologies before competitors, co-workers or other inventors! Sign up (takes 30 seconds). Fill in the keywords to be monitored. 3. Each week you receive an email with patent applications related to your keywords. Start now! Browse Patent Applications: Prev Next USPTO Class 710 Flexible interface An interface device ( ) provides fast data communication between a host device with input/output interfaces and a data transmit/receive device, wherein the interface device ( ) comprises a processor means ( ), a memory means ( ), a first connecting device ( ) for interfacing the host device with the interface device, and a second connecting device ( ) for interfacing the interface device ( ) with the data transmit/receive device. The interface device ( ) is configured by the processor means ( ) and the memory means ( ) in such a way that, when receiving an inquiry from the host device via the first connecting device ( ) as to the type of a device attached to the host device, regardless of the type of the data transmit/receive device, the interface device sends a signal to the host device via the first connecting device (

27. Otis Boykin: Bibliography This site has information on over 20 different black inventors. The informationisn t very specific on any of the inventors, but it is a good sight for http://www.northstar.k12.ak.us/schools/ryn/projects/inventors/boykin/boykinbib.h

Annotated Bibliography for Otis Boykin Abben, Richard P., M.D., How Pacemakers work and why they are needed [On-line]. Available: Internet http://www.icorp.net/cardio/articles/pacemakr.htm This is an article by Richard P. Abben, M.D, Director of Coronary Interventions and also of the Arrhythmia Center of the Cardiovascular Instititute of the South. It has some useful information, such as the makeup of the Pacemaker and how it is connected. About IBM [On-line] Available: Internet http://www.ibm.com/ibm/ This site is the official site for IBMÆ computers. From here I got statistics about the company IBM from this site. Otis invented a circuit used in all IBM computers. Army Technology - POLYPHEM - Fibre Optic Guided Missile System [On-line] Available: Internet http://www.army-technology.com/projects/polyphem/index.html This is an official U.S. Army website with plenty of information on the guided missile. I got diagrams and a lot of information on how the Polyphem guided missile tracks and homes in on it's target. BONUS.COMÆ the SuperSite for Kids

28. Internet Reference Resources -- Scientific And Engineering Biographical Resource Use the search term biography (with or without specific other qualifiers) tolocate A major browsable and searchable list of scientific bios. http://www.lib.virginia.edu/reference/science/sciengrbios.html

Science and Medicine: Biographical Resources See also the General Biography Page 100 Distinguished European Chemists from the Chemical Revolution to the 21st Century The Federation of European Chemical Societies initiated, as a Millennium Project, the celebration of Distinguished European Chemists spanning a period of over two hundred years. Member societies and individuals were invited to submit their nominations of distinguished European chemists from the end of the 18th century until the present day. In addition to Nobel Prize winners, there were nominations of many others from Europe who have, over more than two centuries, transformed the science and influenced science, industry or society worldwide. Science Biography: Guide to Reference Sources A large annotated list of printed reference sources arranged by discipline. Gives LC call numbers which may or may not correspond to ones here at UVA. Check VIRGO to see if the library owns the book. No links to other Web resources. African-American Inventors Series This set of interconnected Web pages provides access to information for several different starting points. One page provides a chart of inventions by African Americans, while other pages focus on contributions by women inventors, railway inventions, the p eanut products developed by George Washington Carver, and a special tribute to those having five or more inventions.

29. Brown SEL Resources: Scientific Biography Includes brief biographical data on various inventors. You may have to dig a bitto find specific information. MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive http://www.lib.virginia.edu/brown/guides/s-biog.htm

Brown Library Home General Information Resources Engineer's Library Blueprint ... Satellite Libraries Scientific and Engineering Biographies Subject Librarian: Fred O'Bryant I'd like to schedule a Research Tutorial 100 Distinguished European Chemists from the Chemical Revolution to the 21st Century The Federation of European Chemical Societies initiated, as a Millennium Project, the celebration of Distinguished European Chemists spanning a period of over two hundred years. Member societies and individuals were invited to submit their nominations of distinguished European chemists from the end of the 18th century until the present day. In addition to Nobel Prize winners, there were nominations of many others from Europe who have, over more than two centuries, transformed the science and influenced science, industry or society worldwide. Science Biography: Guide to Reference Sources A large annotated list of printed reference sources arranged by discipline. Gives LC call numbers which may or may not correspond to ones here at UVA. Check VIRGO to see if the library owns the book. No links to other Web resources. African-American Mathematicians A compilation of information on African-American mathematicians from the "Ask Dr. Math" web site.

30. Biographies specific Biographies on Individuals in History Presidents Science Biography.com from the Biography Channel, short bios of many people http://teachers.westport.k12.ct.us/resource/biographies.htm

Biographies Check the on-line card catalog of your school's library for books! Coleytown Greens Farms Long Lots Kings Highway ... Biographies by Topic Specific Biographies on Individuals in : History Presidents Science African Americans ... Sports General Biography Resources Lives, the Biography Resource - links to biographies of the famous and not-so famous Biographical Dictionary - short information about people's lives Biography.com - from the Biography Channel, short bios of many people Biographies by Topic Multnomah County Library Biographies by Topic -great source of information Big Chalk's Collection of Biography Links - organized by topic great resource Teacher Oz's Biography Links - terrific source for biography sites Famous People on Postage Stamps Time 100 - Time Magazine's profiles of 100 important people of the 20th century. Spectrum Biography Library - "Biographies of people throughout history and people in the news." Includes: Clara Barton, the Bronte Sisters, Elizabeth Browning, Julius Caesar, Cesar Chavez, Aaron Copeland, Jacques Cousteau,Charles Dickens, Wyatt Earp, Thomas Edison, King Edward VIII, Henry Ford, Benjamin Franklin, Harry Houdini, Scott Joplin,Abraham Lincoln, Wolfgang Mozart, Pocahontas, Sitting Bull, Georges Seurat, Jonathan Swift, Harriet Tubman, Oscar Wilde. Bellingham School's Explorers - explorers of land, ideas, sky, art, with links

31. Patent 5063496: Signaling Attempted Transfer To Protected Entry Point Bios Routi The bios routines are accessed through protected entry points. coded instructionsto uniquely identify which specific bios routines are to be accessed. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5063496.html

Patent Number: Advanced Search Site Content Search Patents Use our search engine to find what you need Syntax Reference Learn our powerful search syntax F.A.Q. All about this site and our patent search engine Contact Us Comments? Questions? Let us know! Crazy Patents Don't miss our selection of crazy patents RSS Feeds Subscribe to our RSS Feeds Login Signaling attempted transfer to protected entry point bios routine United States Patent Abstract: A data processing system has a microprocessor, a memory system and a plurality of system devices the operation of which is controlled by BIOS routines. The BIOS routines are accessed through protected entry points. When an application program attempts to access one of the routines by using a hard coded instruction for jumping to such entry point, a BIOS signaling routine is executed which provides a signal to an operating system allowing the operating system to control the access without being bypassed. Inventors: Dayan, Richard A.; Geisler, Douglas R.; Kinnear, Scott G.; Macon, Jr., James F.; Schwartz, William H.; View Patent Images: Single Page TIFF Multi-Page PDF Related Patents: View patents that cite this patent Export Citation: Click for automatic bibliography generation Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation (Armonk, NY)

32. Patent 4937861: Computer Software Encryption Apparatus computer hardware specific bios or Basic Input Output System level. Attaching tothe computer system at the bios level, the invention must be http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4937861.html

Patent Number: Advanced Search Site Content Search Patents Use our search engine to find what you need Syntax Reference Learn our powerful search syntax F.A.Q. All about this site and our patent search engine Contact Us Comments? Questions? Let us know! Crazy Patents Don't miss our selection of crazy patents RSS Feeds Subscribe to our RSS Feeds Login Computer software encryption apparatus United States Patent Abstract: Data security is provided using an encryption/decryption algorithm which attaches at the primitive BIOS level of the operating system automatically during the power-on self-test routines. The encryption/decryption process is implemented by intercepting the removable media or floppy diskette interrupt in order to add additional interrupt handling routing instructions which perform the encryption and decryption of data passed between the diskette controller and the data transfer buffer area within system RAM. Bitwise alteration of the data in a predefined relationship is used to encrypt and decrypt. The encryption/decryption system attaches before the computer power-up sequence renders data entry hardward active, hence the user cannot readily override the security system. Data stored on nonremovable media such as hard disk media is not encrypted, thereby preserving the integrity of more permanent data. Inventors: Cummins, Marty T.;

33. Ideas To Inventions: Famous African American Inventions - NTTI Lesson Plan Students will view a clip from a video on Inventions and their inventors. When using media, provide students with a , a specific task to complete and/or http://www.wviz.org/edsvcs/projects/NTTI/Lesson_Plans/04_Ideas_Inventions.asp

Science, History, and Technology Three 40-minute periods Grades 3-4 Students will be able to: Define and give examples of inventions and inventors Demonstrate the ability to use the African American database of inventions and apply the information to assignments given Design and implement the construction of an invention Demonstrate an understanding of the importance of the contributions of African American inventors Demonstrate the ability to work cooperatively in a group of three or four students Ohio Department of Education Standards- Available online at: http://www.ode.state.oh.us/academic_content_standards/acsscience.asp Science and Technology (Grade 3) 1. Describe how technology can extend human abilities. 2. Describe ways that using technology can be helpful and or harmful. Science and Technology (Grade 4) a. Investigate how technology and inventions change to meet peoples’ needs and wants. b. Explain how technology from different areas (e.g., transportation, communication, nutrition, healthcare, agriculture, entertainment and manufacturing) has improved human lives. Science and Society (Grade 3) 1. Explore through stories how men and women have contributed to the development of science

34. BA-DigitalArts-Faculty-Bios At Henry Cogswell College In Everett, Washington scientist, designer, inventor, teacher, soldier, husband, and father. She has been invited to create site specific installations at Suyama Space in http://www.henrycogswell.edu/academic/ba-da-faculty-bios.htm

@import url(../include/adv-layout2.css); Home Contact Sitemap Home ... Student Life BA Digital Arts BA Digital Arts Degree Requirements Areas of Concentration Course Descriptions ... Digital Arts Brochures (pdf) School of Digital Arts School of Digital Arts Dean's Message Faculty Senate Faculty Bios Faculty - School of Digital Arts The faculty senate list for all the schools of the college is found here Bob Abrams teaches drawing, 2D animation and storyboarding. He began his career as an artist for Walt Disney Productions, where he worked on effects and character animation for TV and feature films. He worked as a screen cartoonist for several other studios including Hanna Barberra Prods. (The Jetsons), Bob Clampett Prods. (Beany and Cecil), UPA Pictures inc. (Mr. Magoo), and Chuck Jones Prods. (Dr. Suess). For four years, he was Senior Background Artist for Warner Brothers. David Benton teaches advanced 3D modeling and animation. He is the Owner and Creative Director at Illumin8 Inc., a 3D animation production company near Seattle WA. He has directed and created award winning 3D-computer animation for commercials, games, VR rides and film effects. Before opening his own studio, he was a Director for Softimage Inc., where he served as part of the management team that led Softimage from obscurity to leadership in high end 3D animation software. Scott Colburn is an Audio Wizard residing in Seattle, WA. He is considered one of Seattle's most versatile producers. With credits spanning projects as diverse at Mudhoney's heavy rock, Sun City Girls cloaven theater, the avant-garde sounds of Climax Golden Twins, ethnic modern classical stylings of Black Cat Orchestra, the reggae of Winston Jarrett or pure wizardry on archival tapes of Capt. Beefheart and Charlie Patton, Colburn is not afraid of sound. Web site:

35. Thirteen Ed Online - African American Scientists That will give you a list of inventors including Lewis Latimer. For astronauts,follow this It offers bios of each person as well as other useful links. http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/lessons/africansci/b.html

African American Scientists Procedures for Teachers is divided into four sections: Prep Preparing for the Lesson. Steps Conducting the Lesson. Extensions Additional Activities. Tips Managing Resources and Student Activities. Students should understand what a biography is and be able to search Internet sites for information. Materials: A copy of the worksheet, in Organizers for Students , for the Web search. Computer Resources: You will need at least one computer with Internet access to complete this lesson. While many configurations will work, we recommend: Modem: 28.8 Kbps or faster. Macintosh computer: System 7.0 or above and at least 16 MB of RAM. IBM-compatible computer: 386 or higher processor with at least 16 MB of RAM, running Windows 3.1. Or, a 486/66 or Pentium with at least 16 MB of RAM, running Windows 95. For more information, visit What You Need to Get Connected in wNetSchool's Internet Primer. Bookmarks: Bookmark the following sites on your classroom computer(s) or in the computer lab: Garrett Morgan http://www.kytales.com/Nmogn/nmog.htm

36. ECCO: Speaker Bios 2002 client s specifications, the specific country restrictions and the USAIDregulations. He is the inventor or coinventor of four issued US patents, http://supply.lanl.gov/property/ecco/History/2002/speakersbios2002.shtml

skip to: lanlbar menubar toolbar links ... Supply Chain Management Division: Property Management (SUP-2), ECCO SUP Home About Contact Jobs ... 2004 Presentations ECCO CONTACTS Chair Ron Williams Vice Chair Dan Gerth Treasurer Michelle H. Johnson Communications Sarah Maynard More contacts Speakers BIOGRAPHIES of speakers from Ecco Seminar, June 2002 Ambassador Linton F. Brooks Deputy Administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation National Nuclear Security Administration Steven Clagett Director, Nuclear and Missile Technology Divisions Office of NonProliferation Controls and Treaty Compliance Dr. Richard T. Cupitt Special Advisor Bureau of Industry and Security U.S. Commerce Department Renee De Frees Project Coordinator GeoLogistics Services, Inc. Alexandria, VA Erin Golsen Executive Assistant to the Director Bureau of Industry and Security U.S. Commerce Department Peter C. Green Deputy Director, Office of Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation Edward G. Holland

37. People: Biographies SCIENCE MATH - inventors - CREATORS - INNOVATORS FOR MUCH MORE, RETURN TOMY Table of Contents SELECT A specific TOPIC OR TIME PERIOD. GENEALOGY http://www.teacheroz.com/biographies.htm

Updated July 19, 2003 Biographical Dictionary Who2 Homepage Famous Birthdays Past TIME Men of the Year ... American Biographies Menu RULERS - LEADERS - POLITICIANS Zarate's Political Collections (ZPC) Political Leaders, 1945-Present Rulers Women Leaders of the World ... The Political Graveyard For more, please visit my Country Information and General World History pages. FAMOUS PEOPLE IN AMERICAN HISTORY Famous Historical Americans Who's Who in American History USA: index to biographies-area American Biographies Menu ... AMERICAN NATIONAL BIOGRAPHY: BIOGRAPHY OF THE DAY For more, please visit my General U.S.A. History 50 states From Colonies to Revolution 19th Century America ... Presidents , and TEXAS pages. BIOGRAPHIES BY ETHNICITY Migration of Ancestrial Ethnic Groups in the United States in 1990 The Indigenous Circle: Famous Native Americans Famous Austrians, Germans, Swiss African-American Achievers ... German American Corner: German-American Biographies For much more, please visit my Non-Western Cultures African Americans Native Americans , and Meso and Latin America pages.

38. Access Control Method For Drive Units, And A Drive Unit Using The Method - US Pa recognizing from the plurality of drive units, a specific group of drive units CPU 1, bios memory 2, main memory 3, and hard disk drive unit 4 are http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/6671744.html

Search Patents Home Browse by Inventor Browse by Date Resources United States Patent 6671744 Access control method for drive units, and a drive unit using the method Issued on December 30, 2003 Abstract An access control method for drive units that can recognize drive units in specific groups, and drive units to which the method applies are disclosed. The method includes the steps of generating a device driver start request by a driver control program when the OS starts; sending a check command on the basis of the device driver start request; loading the specific device driver corresponding to the specific code contained in the response from the drive unit for the check command; and converting a predetermined host command by the specific device driver and sending the corresponding command to the drive unit under the specific device driver when the predetermined host command for the drive unit under the specific device driver is sent from the host device. Claims What is claimed is: 1. A method for controlling access to drive units, each of which is assigned with a code indicating an attribute, and which are connected to a host device through interfaces, the method comprising the steps of: generating a device driver start request by a driver control program when an Operating System starts;

39. EMERGING PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGIES: NEW BUGS FOR OLD Collectively, the inventors refer to these species as TransBacter™. Their Biological Innovation for Open Society (bios)5 initiative seeks to create a http://www.isb.vt.edu/articles/apr0501.htm

EMERGING PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGIES: NEW BUGS FOR OLD Zac Hanley, Kieran Elborough April, 2005 Black boxes and building bricks Biotechnology is the redeployment of natural systems for human ends; molecular biology is the artful arrangement of life's little black boxes. Scientists borrow systems, processes, and architecture built and honed by natural selection for billennia. We characterize their function and activity then re-arrange and re-purpose them. Genes, regulons, proteins, plasmids, chromosomes, bacteriophages, cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms are treated as 'black boxes', i.e., modules that perform a function but for which the contents may for the moment remain mysterious. Functional modules are useful because we know what they do, whether or not we know exactly how they do it. Restriction endonucleases, for example, are treated as embodiments of their specific activity—even in the hands of a novice, Eco RI or Xho I represent black boxes which can be given inputs (DNA substrate, buffer, ions) and predictably deliver certain outputs (DNA cleaved at the Eco RI or Xho Tli I can, in most cases, replace

40. Information Systems For Biotechnology News Report Collectively, the inventors refer to these species as TransBacter™. Full genomesequences are 5. See http//www.bios.net and http//www.bioforge.net http://www.isb.vt.edu/news/2005/news05.apr.html

INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY April 2005 COVERING AGRICULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENTS .pdf version IN THIS ISSUE: Emerging Plant Biotechnologies: New Bugs for Old Retaining Genetically Engineered Seed? Consider Retaining a Lawyer Commentary on the Center for Food Safety Report EMERGING PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGIES: NEW BUGS FOR OLD Zac Hanley, Kieran Elborough Black boxes and building bricks Biotechnology is the redeployment of natural systems for human ends; molecular biology is the artful arrangement of life's little black boxes. Scientists borrow systems, processes, and architecture built and honed by natural selection for billennia. We characterize their function and activity then re-arrange and re-purpose them. Genes, regulons, proteins, plasmids, chromosomes, bacteriophages, cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms are treated as 'black boxes', i.e., modules that perform a function but for which the contents may for the moment remain mysterious. Functional modules are useful because we know what they do, whether or not we know exactly

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 102    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | 6  | Next 20