21. Arizona Rangelands: Rangeland Noxious Weeds And Invasive Species: Noxious Weeds: A document by University of Arizona scientists Larry Howery and George Ruylepresenting the case for the seriousness of the threat of noxious weeds in http://rangelandswest.org/az/weeds/noxiousweeds1.html

Home Rangeland Science Ecology of Rangelands Rangeland Vegetation ... Arizona Noxious Weeds and Invasive Species Noxious Weeds: A Disaster Looking for a Place to Happen in Arizona!! by Larry D. Howery and George B. Ruyle Introduction There is a very serious problem creeping into our state that has the potential to adversely affect each and every Arizonan. This problem is particularly sinister because by the time it becomes widely noticeable, it will probably be too late to do much about it. Whether you are a camper, hunter, fisherman, farmer, rancher, recreationist, birder, wilderness advocate, environmentalist, or even if you have no interest in outdoor activities of any kind, noxious weeds threaten the quality of natural resources on both public and private lands, and will potentially cost Arizonans millions of tax dollars-unless we do something, now What Is A Weed? What Is A Noxious Weed?

22. Wetland Science Institute--Wetland Restoration Information Series, Number 1: NOX Discusses different categories of problem species and the threats they pose to the success of North American wetlands restoration efforts using native wetland species. http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/wli/wris1.htm

Wetland Restoration Information Series Number 1 NOXIOUS, INVASIVE, AND ALIEN PLANT SPECIES Purpose: To provide information on Noxious, Invasive, Alien and other problem plant species that threaten the success of wetland restoration and enhancement projects. This report defines the different categories of problem species, identifies the threats to success caused by these species, recommends methods of avoidance through planning and monitoring, and lists numerous species that negatively impact the function and value of wetland restoration and enhancement projects. Date: February 23, 1999 Locations: USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Laurel MD Dept of Agronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory University of Missisisippi Oxford MS USFWS Hadley MA What are the different types of problem plant species and how are they defined?

23. Backyard Gardener - Invasive Species And Responsible Gardening - August 10, 2005 Gardeners and nurseries have a role to play in invasive species prevention andmanagement. You may wonder why a plant can become invasive or noxious. http://ag.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/invasivespeciesandresponsible

Invasive Species and Responsible Gardening - August 10, 2005 Arizona Cooperative Extension, Yavapai County One of my educational responsibilities is teaching people about threats posed by invasive/noxious weeds. In general, these are plants that pose threats to people, other organisms, and/or the environment. In past Backyard Gardener columns, I have written about several invasive/noxious species including yellow starthistle, hoary cress (whitetop), puncture vine, diffuse knapweed, giant salvinia, and sweet resinbush. Gardeners and nurseries have a role to play in invasive species prevention and management. As a reminder, invasive and/or noxious weeds are non-native plants whose introduction causes, or is likely to cause, economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Human actions are the primary means of invasive species introduction. The word “noxious” is a term that means the plant has been designated as particularly undesirable by law or regulation. Noxious weeds are found on lists compiled by state, federal, or land management agencies. Invasive weeds may have no legal designation, but are often in the process of being listed as noxious. You may wonder why a plant can become invasive or noxious. Often it is because they have been removed from their native environment and introduced to areas where their natural enemies are not present. These natural enemies are often insects that feed on them, but can also be plant diseases, herbivorous animals, or other organisms that keep plant populations in check.

24. Alaska Committee For Noxious And Invasive Plants Management : Invasive Plants The Alaska Committee for noxious and invasive Plants Management, CNIPM is aninformal group of An “invasive species “ is defined as a species that is http://www.cnipm.org/plants.html

Cooperative Extension Service Michele Hebert P.O. Box 75-8155, Fairbanks, Alaska, Phone: (907) 474-2423 Fax: (907) 474-6885 E-Mail: ffmah@uaf.edu 1) non-native to the ecosystem under consideration and 2) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. (Executive Order 13112) Tansy Ragwort Oxeye Daisy Narrow-Leaf Hawksbeard Orange Hawkweed Canada Thistle Scotch Thistle Spotted Knapweed Russian Knapweed Perennial Sowthistle Garlic Mustard Corn Spurry Field Bindweed Leafy Spurge Scotch Broom Tufted Vetch, Bird Vetch White Sweetclover Eurasian Watermilfoil Hempnettle Foxtail Barley Quackgrass Japanese Knotweed Wild Buckwheat, Black Bindweed Yellow Toadflax Purple Loosestrife, Purple Lythrum

25. Alaska Committee For Noxious And Invasive Plants Management : Brochures Meeting the invasive species Challenge National invasive species Management Plan.National invasive species Council. noxious Weeds A Biological Wildfire. http://www.cnipm.org/brochures.html

Cooperative Extension Service Michele Hebert P.O. Box 75-8155, Fairbanks, Alaska, Phone: (907) 474-2423 Fax: (907) 474-6885 E-Mail: ffmah@uaf.edu Brochures and Publications Growing Pains: Facts About Weed Invasions in the Western United States. Bureau of Land Management Weeds in the Wild: Weed Management in Natural Areas. The Nature Conservancy, Wildland Invasive Species Program Invasive Plants, Changing the Landscape of America: Fact book. Federal Interagency Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds Meeting the Invasive Species Challenge: National Invasive Species Management Plan. National Invasive Species Council Noxious Weeds: A Biological Wildfire. Utah State University Extension After the Fire: Restore and Protect our Western Ecosystems Center for Invasive Plants Management Pulling together in Alaska: A volunteer's guide to community weed pulling events. Alaska Cooperative Extension Service Wanted in Alaska: Invasive weeds awareness week identification booklet Alaska Cooperative Extension Service Presentations and Posters Weed Wanted Posters: Sturdy, colorful posters with a Wild West theme.

26. Invasive Plant Alert Wild flowers or invasive noxious Weeds? Foreign plant species escaping from thegarden or landscape can have a devastating impact on native plants and http://www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/invasiveplant.htm

Invasive Plant Alert Prevent the Escape of Aggressive Plants A threat to BC’s resources Wild flowers or Invasive Noxious Weeds? Foreign plant species escaping from the garden or landscape can have a devastating impact on native plants and animals. Please help in protecting the natural environment of British Columbia! BC’s noxious weeds are typically exotic or non-native plants that have been introduced to this province without their natural predators. Left unchecked, these weeds destroy our native plant and animal habitat. They are among the top cause for losses in the natural diversity of our environment, and are devastating to the economy. Weeds cause crop losses well in excess of $50 million annually in BC. Impact Invasive plants have the capacity to move into a habitat and reproduce so aggressively that they displace the original vegetation. They: crowd out native plants, including rare and endangered species destroy wildlife habitat reduce crop yields (on average 10 to 15 %) reduce crop quality (taint food products with off flavours, toxic berries, spines, etc.)

27. Vermont Products On Display At Quilt Festival Of Agriculture Creates noxious Plants Rule To Combat invasive Plant Problem Known as invasive species, plants like these are typically transplants http://www.vermontagriculture.com/invasive.htm

VT Department Of Agriculture Creates Noxious Plants Rule To Combat Invasive Plant Problem Click here to view the entire rule (pdf format) MONTPELIER- As warmer weather brings us back into our re-enlivened gardens, fields, and forests, The Nature Conservancy and the Vermont Department of Agriculture are asking Vermonters to check for plants that can escape cultivation and cause tremendous damage to the natural environment and the working landscape. Beautiful But Harmful Plants such as purple loosestrife, Japanese knotweed, common buckthorn, Japanese barberry, and some varieties of honeysuckle have been used widely in horticulture, landscaping and erosion control, and can be found in backyards, wetlands and forest edges throughout the state. At first glance these plants may look pretty, but their beauty is deceptive. Known as invasive species, plants like these are typically transplants from distant places. Once free from the natural checks and balances that kept them under control in their native realms, these plants can establish themselves in new areas and proliferate to the detriment of native species. They often hoard light, water and nutrients, and can even alter entire ecosystems by changing soil chemistry or hydrological processes. As a result, invasive plants can overtake native plants and, in turn, displace the animals that had relied on the native plants for food and shelter. With intentional and unintentional assistance from people, these problematic plants are spreading at an alarming rate, infecting natural areas across the United States.

28. ARS | Publication Request: Rising Carbon Dioxide And Invasive, Noxious Plants: P in carbon dioxide between invasive, noxious species and other plant groups, A synthesis of literature results indicates that invasive, noxious weeds http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=164640

29. ARS Rangeland, Pasture, And Forages National Program (205) invasive and noxious weeds are expected to infest 140 million acres in the US by (5) conduct research on invasive species and develop technologies to http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/programs/programs.htm?np_code=205&docid=337&pag

30. Johnson County Secondary Roads noxious invasive Weed species to be Controlled. Listed below are weed speciesdescriptions, distribution, problems, and possible management methods for http://www.johnson-county.com/secondaryroads/WeedComm/WeedSpecies/index.shtml

JOHNSON COUNTY, IOWA QUICK LINKS Agendas/Minutes Calendar County/State Facts E-mail Subscription Employment Forms GIS Online Map Service Office Locations Other Government Sites Search Site Index What's New DEPARTMENTS Ambulance Assessors Auditor Board of Supervisors Conservation County Attorney Emergency Management General Assistance Information Services Human Resources Motor Vehicle Mental Health/Developmental Disabilities (MH/DD) Physical Plant Planning and Zoning Public Health Recorder SEATS Secondary Roads Sheriff Social Services Treasurer Veteran Affairs Voter/Elections Secondary Roads Listed below are weed species descriptions, distribution, problems, and possible management methods for weeds considered noxious by the State of Iowa and Johnson County. This web page is meant to give general knowledge of these problem weeds, why they are a problem, and common methods of control. Individual weed and management circumstances may vary and these recommendations should be used as changing situations dictate. The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship and the Code of Iowa have declared 27 species of plants as noxious weeds which need to be controlled. The State of Iowa has declared the following weeds noxious:

31. Johnson County Secondary Roads Why should I control noxious Weeds? noxious invasive Weed species noxious Weedsand other invasive species threaten all of our natural resources. http://www.johnson-county.com/secondaryroads/WeedComm/NoxiousWeeds.shtml

JOHNSON COUNTY, IOWA QUICK LINKS Agendas/Minutes Calendar County/State Facts E-mail Subscription Employment Forms GIS Online Map Service Office Locations Other Government Sites Search Site Index What's New DEPARTMENTS Ambulance Assessors Auditor Board of Supervisors Conservation County Attorney Emergency Management General Assistance Information Services Human Resources Motor Vehicle Mental Health/Developmental Disabilities (MH/DD) Physical Plant Planning and Zoning Public Health Recorder SEATS Secondary Roads Sheriff Social Services Treasurer Veteran Affairs Voter/Elections Secondary Roads County Weed Commissioner Secondary Roads Department Noxious Weeds - Why Should We Worry? What Exactly is a Noxious Weed? Why should I control Noxious Weeds? What Can You Do To Help? ... Related Websites Noxious Weeds - Why Should We Worry? Should we worry whether the plants growing around us are native to our area or not? Isn’t it all just "nature?" Before you dismiss this issue as unimportant, consider the following: Noxious and invasive weeds in agricultural and natural areas cost our country $13 Billion dollars per year Noxious and invasive weeds are the second most important reason for the loss of biological diversity, after habitat destruction

32. General Information About Invasive Species This is an article about invasive species. noxious species—A plant speciesthat is undesirable because it is troublesome and difficult to control. http://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_invasive.html

About Contact Us Partners Products ... Help var content = "This will be a tool tip"; createTTLayer("TTMSGBox",0,0,320,44,false,content); moveTTLayer("TTMSGBox",0,0); Home Articles Invasive species Biology Map Maker Invasive Species Africanized Honeybees: 2003 Chinese Privet Tallowtree Common Gorse ... Zebra Mussel Distribution Map Layer Africanized Honeybees Plant Distribution - Chinese Privet Plant Distribution - Chinese Tallow Tree Plant Distribution - Common Gorse ... Zebra Mussel Distribution in North America Dynamic Maps Invasive Species - Zebra Mussels Printable Maps West Nile Virus 2000 Article General Information about Invasive Species What are they? Why are they a problem? What is being done about the problem? Commonly Used Terms Related Links What are they?

33. Invasive Species Easier invasive species occur outside their natural range. 6) noxious,invasive, and Alien Plant species at the Wetland Science Institute HTTP//WWW. http://42explore.com/invasive.htm

The Topic: Invasive Species Easier - Invasive species occur outside their natural range. They are nonnative plants and animals that harm or endanger native plants and animals or other aspects of biodiversity. Alien invasive species occur in all groups of plants and animals. They include competitors, predators, pathogens and parasites. They have invaded almost every type of native ecosystem and caused hundreds of extinctions. Harder - Whether called invasive, nonnative, alien, exotic, or non indigenous; introduced species are those life forms that have evolved elsewhere and been purposely or accidentally moved to a new location. Some have invaded habitats by themselves (e.g., migrating wildlife, plants, and animals rafting on floating debris); however, human exploration, colonization, and commercial trade have dramatically increased the diversity, scale, and impact of the invasions. Introduced species often find no natural enemies in their new habitat and therefore spread quickly and easily. Invasive species are a real threat to our environment and economy. Economic costs of nonnative species invasions in the United States reach billions of dollars each year. These biological invasions produce severe, often irreversible impacts on agriculture, recreation, and natural resources. Invasive species threaten biodiversity, habitat quality, and ecosystem function. They are the second greatest threat to native species, behind habitat destruction. They have contributed to the decline of over forty percent of U.S. endangered and threatened species. Introduced species also present an ever-increasing threat to food and fiber production.

34. Invasive Species: Manager's Tool Kit - Grants & Funding The current method of responding to invasive species in transportation relies onearly detection and subsequent Oregon State noxious Weed Grant Program http://invasivespecies.gov/toolkit/grants.shtml

Manager's Toolkit Request for Proposals - General Fund and Grant Information Funds Awarded The grants presented on this Web site are not inclusive of all available grants for invasive species management, prevention and research. The information provided is as accurate as possible, but is subject to change. Please contact the grant administrator for further information. If you would like your grant information posted here, please contact us at invasive@nal.usda.gov Grants.gov Through a partnership of Federal Agencies, led by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) directs grant seeks to over 900 programs offered across 26 Federal grant-making Agencies. Request for Proposals 2005 and beyond U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Grant and Partnership Programs that Can Address Invasive Species Research, Technical Assistance, Prevention and Control (100 KB) (Jan 2005) This workbook contains basic information on programs in USDA that could be used to fund invasive species related projects. This list should be a helpful place to start a search for resources for invasive species activities but by no means represents the complete universe of potential invasive species funding opportunities.

35. Aquatic Invasives State Activity Page ISSUE AQUATIC invasive species Washington Washington regulates ballast waterand publishes a noxious species list. Wisconsin Wisconsin has a noxious http://www.serconline.org/aquaticInvasives.html

Home State Info Innovative Legislation ISSUE: AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES Introduction SERC policy packages on ballast water management and stopping the spread of invasive species contain supporting information on this issue. See the Stop Aquatic Hitchhikers Program for information on boat sticker programs. Visit Invasivespecies.gov for more comprehensive links to state exotic species control and prevention programs. Federal Legislation The National Aquatic Invasive Species Act of 2003 regulates ballast water to prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species. Existing State Laws and Regulations Alabama In 1995, the legislature passed the Nonindigenous Aquatic Plant Control Act that prohibits intentional aquatic exotic species introduction. The Act exempts accidental transport by boat. Alaska Alaska regulates ballast water discharge and noxious weeds.

36. How Are Weeds Evaluated During The Weed Listing Process A reason to believe the species is invasive or poses a potential threat The species was once present in Washington and on the state noxious weed list. http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_list/weedlisting.html

How are Weeds Evaluated During the Weed Listing Process in Washington State? All plant species proposed for listing on the Washington State Noxious Weed List are evaluated by the Noxious Weed Committee (Committee). The Committee members include scientific advisors, State Noxious Weed Control Board (Board) representatives, selected county weed coordinators, and a representative from the Washington Native Plant Society. Committee meetings are open to the public. The Committee provides a recommendation to the Board about whether to list the plant and in which class (A, B, B-designate, or C). In some instances the plant is placed on a monitor list while being further evaluated by either a Committee member, the person proposing it for listing, or another individual selected as the sponsor. Although the monitor list has no legal standing, it allows the Committee time to research the species through literature review, talking to exotic plant managers in other states or countries, and to survey and evaluate existing Washington populations. Reasons for plant inclusion on the monitor list include: A reason to believe the species is invasive or poses a potential threat to Washington.

37. Noxious Weed Caulerpa Taxifolia Invasive Species Genetically mutated seaweed threatens to choke out marine life in California!Sound like something from a low budget scifi flick? It s not. http://scuba.about.com/cs/conservation/a/caulerpa.htm

var zLb=13; var zIoa1 = new Array('Related Resources','Killer Caulerpa taxifolia Strain Spreading','http://saltaquarium.about.com/library/weekly/aa102100.htm'); var zIoa2 = new Array('Elsewhere on the Web','NMFS Caulerpa Eradication in Southern California','http://swr.nmfs.noaa.gov/hcd/caulerad.htm','NOVA Deep Sea Invasion','http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/algae/','Invasive Species Caulerpa taxifolia','http://www.invasivespecies.gov/profiles/killeralgae.shtml'); var zIoa3 = new Array('Tell Us About It','Scuba Diving Forum','http://scuba.about.com/mpboards.htm','Chat','http://scuba.about.com/mpchat.htm'); zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') About Sports Scuba Diving Marine Life Noxious Weed Caulerpa taxifolia invasive species Sports Scuba Diving Essentials Scuba Diving for Beginners ... Help FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Scuba Diving newsletter! See Online Courses Search Scuba Diving Stay up to date! Email to a friend Print this page Suggested Reading Killer Caulerpa taxifolia Strain Spreading Elsewhere on the Web NMFS Caulerpa Eradication in Southern California NOVA Deep Sea Invasion Invasive Species Caulerpa taxifolia Tell Us About It Scuba Diving Forum Chat Most Popular Twenty Shark Facts Dive Watches for Men Scuba Diving for Beginners Sculptured Wall Hangings ... Flying and Scuba Diving What's Hot Purchase an Underwater Camera Full Size Masks Sculptured Wall Hangings Commercial Diving Guide Book ... Ear Equalization Related Topics Swimming Surfing / Bodyboarding Adventure Travel Florida for Visitors ... Hawaii / South Pacific for Visitors Noxious Weed

38. GRI - Invasive Species Worldwide there are 235000 plant species. Using the definition that a weed isany plant out of Mississippi list of invasive, noxious weeds. Cogongrass/ http://www.gri.msstate.edu/lwa/invspec/invasive_species.php

Agriculture Forestry Environment Water Resources ... GRI Home Worldwide there are 235,000 plant species . Using the definition that a weed is any plant out of place, could mean 235,000 weeds . More realistically, there are about 8,000 invasive weeds worldwide, and only about 250-300 problematic invaders in North America. Click image for larger view. Not all invasive weeds are introduced. Some, like this eastern baccharis are native to Mississippi. Seed dispersal by wind contributes to this invasion. A female eastern baccharis matures seed for dispersal. Florida betony is another highly invasive weed native to the southeastern United States. Many weeds, like crabgrass , came to North America so long ago, we often forget they are introduced. Purple nutsedge , also called nutgrass or coco, is a highly invasive weed that is also classified as the World’s Worst Weed Species Currently Being Researched at GRI Alligatorweed Beach vitex Cactus moth Chinese tallow Cogongrass Curlyleaf pondweed Eurasian watermilfoil Giant salvinia ... Hydrilla Itchgrass Kudzu Parrotfeather Prickly pear Purple Loosestrife Roundleaf toothcup Tropical soda apple Tropical spiderwort Waterhyacinth Water primrose The World’s Top Ten Worst Weeds Purple nutsedge Bermudagrass Barnyardgrass Junglerice Goosegrass Johnsongrass Cogongrass Waterhyacinth Common purslane Common lambsquarters All ten occur in Mississippi Mississippi list of Invasive, Noxious weeds

39. BASF Professional Vegetation Management Fact invasive/noxious weeds displace native plant species and destroy natural Problem invasive/noxious exotic weeds contribute to roadside erosion, http://www.vmanswers.com/markets.aspx?pid=579&Type=42

40. Biological Pollution: Invasive Species State Laws Aquatic invasive species. Idaho invasive species Counctil (Executive Order No.200111) noxious Weeds (IIdaho Statutes, Title 24 Agriculture and http://www.nemw.org/ANSstatelaws.htm

INVASIVE SPECIES STATE LAWS Click on a state to view existing and proposed invasive species laws (including aquatic, terrestrial, ballast water, noxious plant, and noxious seed laws). Please note - this list is not comprehensive. The most up to date information can be obtained from state legislature web pages. Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas ... Oregon House Bill 3620 - Relating to ballast water; introduced 2003 Contact Nicole Mays for more information (202-544-5200). Last updated May 2003. ALABAMA Nonindigenous Plant Control Act Noxious Weed Rules (Alabama Department of Agriculture and Industries, Administrative Code, Chapter 80-10-14) ALASKA Ballast Water Discharge (Alaska Statutes, Title 46: Water, Air, Energy, and Environmental Conservation, Chapter 3: Environmental Conservation, Section 750) Plant Health and Quarantine (Alaska Administrative Code, Title 11: Natural Resources, Chapter 34) ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA Ballast Water (California Codes; Harbors and Navigation Code; Section 132)

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