41. Industrial Revolution led to the period which is now known as the industrial revolution. Factories required massive numbers of workers and displaced rural workers flocked http://www.umbc.edu/history/CHE/techerpages/KDavies/Industrial_Revolution.html

Industrial Revolution The rapid growth of new technology in Europe during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the period which is now known as the Industrial Revolution. Large machinery and rising demand for products quickly led to the growth of the factory system. Factories required massive numbers of workers and displaced rural workers flocked to the cities to fill these positions. The owners of these factories had a huge labor supply available to them and no incentive to look out for the employees' safety or health. If one worker was injured he or she was easily replaced. In working class families, the social norms of the time expected that children would contribute to the family's income by working. Illustration of carding, drawing and roving that appeared in Edward Baines' book History of Cotton Manufacture In working class families, the social norms of the time expected that children would contribute to the family's income by working. Children had always worked along side parents in agricultural communities. As these families moved to cities they continued to expect children to contribute to the family income. Children as young as five or six were sent to work in factories. The problem was that in taking child labor outside the family, children were placed under the supervision of an overseer rather than a parent. The demands of their jobs were constant as opposed to agricultural labor which had allowed some ability to break from work. Factory laborers endured sixteen hour work days and were for the first time in their lives expected to live according to a clock.

42. The Open Door Web Site : History : Social Development In The Industrial Revoluti We have already seen that the industrial revolution had an enormous effect The Red Flag soon became the symbol of revolution). Each time workers caused http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/071.html

The Open Door Web Site Search Site Map Biology Chemistry ... Technology History Study Guide New About Gallery Social Development in the Industrial Revolution We have already seen that the Industrial Revolution had an enormous effect on the lives of the people of Europe. It is also true to say that, although some people’s lives were altered for the better, many people were worse off and, in many cases, workers were exploited. As the period progressed more and more people became victims of oppression. Whilst writers, such as Charles Dickens in Britain and Emile Zola in France, wrote about the appalling living and working conditions, social reformers, such as Robert Owen, showed by practical experiment, that alternatives to long hours, child-labour and maltreatment were available. Others, such as Edwin Chadwick and Seebolm Roundtree, conducted inquiries into the miserable conditions of the poor. In their own way each of them highlighted the awful conditions that prevailed and suggested ways of righting them. In some ways it was the needs of the Industrial Revolution itself which, in the end, came to the aid of the working classes. As the Industrial Revolution progressed there was an increasing need for educated workers. In the old days it was not a problem if a farm hand was illiterate. However, in the new industrial society, mechanics, civil engineers, architects and builders all needed literate workers who were able to read instructions, take measurements and interpret drawings and plans.

43. Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Industrial Revolution The Lives of workers; Urban Life New Social Classes; Social Reformism Curt Anderson The Two Countries That Invented the industrial revolution At http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

Halsall Home Ancient History Sourcebook Medieval Sourcebook Modern History Course Other History Sourcebooks: African East Asian Indian Islamic ... Pop Culture See Main Page for a guide to all contents of all sections. Contents The Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles The Revolution in Power Railroads Steam Ships The Great Engineers The Process of Industrialization Social and Political Effects The Lives of Workers Urban Life: New Social Classes Social Reformism Literary Response The Industrial Revolution The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th Centuries Abraham Cowley (1618-1667): Of Agriculture , 1650 [At this Site] Turnips Accounts of the "Potato Revolution" 1695 - 1845 [At this Site] John A. Mazis: The Potato [Modern Account][At UMN] Field Rotation Animal Breeding The Revolution in the Manufacture of Textiles Arnold Toynbee (1852-1883): Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England [At McMaster][Full Text] Leeds Woolen Workers' Petition , 1786 [At this Site] Attacking the effects of machinery.

44. Misreading The Industrial Revolution Misreading the industrial revolution Lawrence W. Reed, September 1993. It is not an exaggeration to say that workers voted for industry with their feet http://www.fff.org/freedom/0993c.asp

www fff.org Send to a friend Misreading the Industrial Revolution by Lawrence W. Reed , September 1993 Those of us who are advocates of the spontaneous order of an unfettered market are forever stomping out the fires of fallacious reasoning and anticapitalistic bias. It seems that as we set one record straight, opponents of the market manage to pervert ten others. We spend as much time explaining the workings of the market as we do debunking myths and cliches about it. Socialists spout an endless stream of put-downs and one-liners that pass as thorough critiques of the market, each one requiring a time-consuming, painstaking response and appeal to reason. We are constantly rewriting prejudiced accounts of history to match what really happened in history. Any one of the countless fables of the period could consume pages of rejoinder, but two in particular come up again and again. They deserve more detailed responses than space permits here, but at least friends of the market will have a place from which to start. 1. Industrialization and the factory system jolted workers from a life of ease into one of drudgery.

45. Facts About The "Industrial Revolution" So also were the industrial workers under the domestic system. of the industrialrevolution the standard of living of the factory workers was shockingly http://www.fff.org/freedom/0993e.asp

www fff.org Send to a friend Facts about the "Industrial Revolution" by Ludwig von Mises , September 1993 Socialist and interventionist authors assert that the history of modern industrialism and especially the history of the British "Industrial Revolution" provide an empirical verification of the "realistic" or "institutional" doctrine and utterly explode the "abstract" dogmatism of the economists. The economists flatly deny that labor unions and government prolabor legislation can and did lastingly benefit the whole class of wage earners and raise their standard of living. But the facts, say the anti-economists, have refuted these fallacies. As they see it, the statesmen and legislators who enacted the factory acts displayed a better insight into reality than the economists; while laissez-faire philosophy allegedly taught that the sufferings of the toiling masses are unavoidable, the common sense of laymen succeeded in quelling the worst excesses of profit-seeking business. The improvement in the conditions of the workers, they say, is entirely an achievement of governments and labor unions. A False Impression Such are the ideas permeating most of the historical studies dealing with the evolution of modern industrialism. The authors begin by sketching an idyllic image of conditions as they prevailed on the eve of the "Industrial Revolution." At that time, they tell us, things were, by and large, satisfactory. The peasants were happy. So also were the industrial workers under the domestic system. They worked in their own cottages and enjoyed a certain economic independence since they owned a garden plot and their tools. But then "the Industrial Revolution fell like a war or a plague" on these people. The factory system reduced the free worker to virtual slavery; it lowered his standard of living to the level of bare subsistence; in cramming women and children into the mills it destroyed family life and sapped the very foundations of society, morality, and public health. A small minority of ruthless exploiters had cleverly succeeded in imposing their yoke upon the immense majority.

46. Industrial Revolution: 11 To 14 Years industrial revolution Sourcework Designed to help lower ability and special The basic act was as follows No child workers under 9 years of age. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/REVhistoryIR2.htm

History Websites Industrial Revolution 11 to 14 years Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Textile Industry : An encyclopedia of the Textile Industry in Britain between 1700 and 1900. The website includes information on the different aspects of the domestic system as well as the woolen, cotton, silk and linen industries. The website also features entries on twelve important textile inventions and biographies of inventors (16) and entrepreneurs (28). There is also a series of lessons available that simulates the debate that took placed in the 19th century on the morality and the economic value of child labour in textile factories. Industrial Revolution Sourcework : Designed to help lower ability and special educational needs pupils access sources and concepts related to the Industrial Revolution, the online lesson from School History guides pupils through a basic overview of the Industrial Revolution. Through gap filling exercises pupils go through the basics of source analysis and then analyse two sources from the Industrial Revolution. Extension exercises and quizzes are then available. The Industrial Revolution : The Industrial revolution examined in detail. Discover what factors led to industrial growth, how this affected the lives of ordinary people and find out how working conditions were changed forever by the quick succession of inventions and pieces of legislation.

47. Industrial Revolution Between 1815 and 1914, an industrial revolution took place. 19th centuryThere was also a reversed movement of Dutch workers towards the German http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/history/migration/chapter3.html

History of International Migration Site Industrial Revolution Go to the links about this subject Description of the migration movement Causes of migration Consequences of migration ... Reactions on migration CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERIOD: Demography and economy: A demographic revolution took place in this period. Population grew very quickly due to a decreased death rate and increased fertility. Most people still lived in the countryside. Between 1750 and 1815, only 7% of the European population lived in cities. Life in the villages changed, however. Agricultural production became more intensive and large scale (to produce raw materials for the rural industry) and as a result, the number of farmers without land grew. Towns with rural industry grew and provided much work. In other towns, trade and industry grew. World trade and politics became more influential in the every-day life of the villagers. The group of proletarians grew quickly due to downwards social mobility and the fact that proletarians had more children than farmers. In the 19th century, population continued to grow. In many countries, population doubled. Increasing scaling also continued and thus, the number of proletarians likewise continued to grow. The landless farmers did not have the security they had previously when working for a land owning farmer. Modern farmers did not hire help for a whole year anymore, but only for the harvest season. Because they now only produced one or two crops, the harvest season was very short as well. The economy needed teams of harvesters that went from town to town. Many people moved around in Western and also in Eastern Europe after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. By 1850, the countryside had become very overcrowded, partially because of the rural industry that was located there. Malthus developed a theory on the population growth. Too much population growth would lead to disaster and misery.

48. The Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution. Match the items on the right with the items on the left . A movement of British workers that attempted to stop the industrial http://www.historyteacher.net/EuroProjects/ExamReviewSheets/MatchingQuizzesForFi

The Industrial Revolution Match the items on the right with the items on the left. This Scott, who originally made musical instruments, also was responsible for perhaps the most significant invention of the Industrial Revolution - the steam engine. The Reform Bill of 1832 Zollverein The Combination Acts Enclosure The Luddites The putting-out system David Ricardo Samuel F. B. Morse The 1833 Factory Act Urbanization Robert Owen socialism Eli Whitney Charles Dickens Stadler Commission Social Darwinism The July Monarchy Thomas Newcomen Spinning Jenny Journeyman Laissez faire Capitalism Manchester The term used to describe the rapid growth of cities as a large percentage of the population moved from the country to the city The Reform Bill of 1832 Zollverein The Combination Acts Enclosure The Luddites The putting-out system David Ricardo Samuel F. B. Morse The 1833 Factory Act Urbanization Robert Owen socialism Eli Whitney Charles Dickens Stadler Commission Social Darwinism The July Monarchy Thomas Newcomen Spinning Jenny Journeyman Laissez faire Capitalism Manchester This machine was invented around 1764 by James Hargreaves. It wound several spools of thread around a spindle and allowed workers to work with p to 80 spindles at a time.

49. The Industrial Revolution In Europe organization which helped Britain take the lead in the industrial revolution? How were artisans different from factory workers in the 19c? http://www.historyteacher.net/APEuroCourse/Topics/TOPIC-IndustrialRevolution.htm

ASSIGNMENT 1: Sources: Terms : entrepreneur George Stephenson Richard Arkwright Crystal Palace ... Great Exhibition Questions: Identify at least TEN reasons by industrialization first began in Great Britain. As seen in the life of Richard Arkwright [doc. on pg. 709 of your textbk.], what traits did Edward Baines think were crucial to being a successful entrepreneur? What were some of the major technological changes and new forms of industrial organization which helped Britain take the lead in the Industrial Revolution? How did the new factory system affect the working class? How did the new religious revivalism movement reinforce the values of the factory system? What was the significance of the Great Exhibition in the Crystal Palace in 1851? Support the following statement: By the middle of the 19c, Britain had become the workshop, banker, and trader of the world. ASSIGNMENT 2: Sources: document > "

50. The Norton Anthology Of English Literature: The Victorian Age: Topic 1: Overview The industrial revolution — the changes in the making of goods that resulted from Hundreds of thousands of workers had migrated to industrial towns, http://www.wwnorton.com/nael/victorian/topic_1/welcome.htm

The Cry of the Children , Elizabeth Barrett Browning portrays the suffering of children in mines and factories. In The Condition of the Working Class NAEL 2.1703), Friedrich Engels describes the conclusions he drew during the twenty months he spent observing industrial conditions in Manchester. His 1845 book prepared the ground for his work with Karl Marx on The Communist Manifesto (1848), which asserts that revolution is the necessary response to the inequity of industrial capitalist society. Elizabeth Gaskell, wife of a Manchester minister, was inspired to begin her writing career with the novel Mary Barton (1848) in order to portray the suffering of the working class. In

51. Wladyslaw Reymont: Strike! Adapting To The Industrial Revolution Adapting to the industrial revolution. by Peter K. Gessner The workers ofone of the factories sought to bodily throw out beyond the factory gates a http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/reymont/strike.html

Strike! Adapting to the Industrial Revolution by Peter K. Gessner A scene from Wajda's film The Promised Land In his autobiographical sketch, Reymont remarks that when he was 20 (hence in 1887), "the Russian authorities expelled me from Warsaw after suspecting me of having taken part in the strike that had then broken out in Lodz for the first time." In 1895, having received a commission from a Warsaw newspaper to write a novel about the idustrial scene in £ód¼, he moved for several months in order to observe first hand the industrial workers and the industrialists in whose factories they worked. He actually wrote The Promised Land The workers unrest continued after the 1899 publication of the novel. It reached its zenith historically in 1905. Already, on the January 27, in a reaction to the "Bloody Sunday" massacre of 200 workers in St. Petersburg, 70,000 £ód¼ workers struck, led by the workers of Geyer's factory. The strike spread and by the next day to 100,000 asking for shorter work day and greater compensation. On February 2, the first spillage of blood occurred. The workers of one of the factories sought to bodily throw out beyond the factory gates a manager who had a reputation for cruelty towards the workers. He managed to have a detachment of the Russian Cossack come to his aid. In the resulting melee, a young worker was killed. The workers pelted the Cossacks with stones and forced a temporary retreat, but then the Cossaks used their rifles. Also an infantry detachment stationed at the factory, attacked the workers from the rear. As they retreated the workers left behind 7 dead and 20 wounded.

52. Industrial Revolution | EThemes | EMINTS Learn about the advances made during the industrial revolution. Read about someof the inventions that made life easier for workers. http://www.emints.org/ethemes/resources/S00000769.shtml

About eMINTS Communities Equipment eThemes ... eThemes Industrial Revolution Contact eThemes@emints.org if you have questions or comments about this resource. Printer-friendly version Please preview all links before sharing in class with students. Title: Industrial Revolution Description: Learn about the advances made during the Industrial Revolution. Read about some of the inventions that made life easier for workers. Includes some biographies on inventors. There are lesson plans, clip art, and interactive quizzes. Grade Level: Resource Links: Samuel Slater Learn about Samuel Slater, who helped bring England's Industrial Revolution to America. The American Experience Learn about technology at the turn of the 20th century. Cyrus McCormick Read about Cyrus McCormick, a man who changed the way farmers cut wheat. Science NetLinks This lesson plan focuses on the steam engine and includes several good links to resources about the Industrial Revolution. Federal Reserve Bank Click on "Industrial Revolution" and then "Legal Tender Notes" to see what currency looked like during this time. Inventions Read about inventions that were made during the Industrial Revolution.

53. The Industrial Revolution - Textiles The industrial revolution Textiles in 1700. Diagram of the industrial revolution Merchants delivered it to workers to spin and weave in their homes. http://thc.worldarcstudio.com/classroom_20040211_JB/gcse/industrial_rev1.htm

GCSE History The Industrial Revolution: Textiles in 1700 Diagram of the Industrial Revolution Definitions SPINNING twisting the short fibres into a continuous thread or yarn by means of a spinning wheel WEAVING - Making yarn into cloth by criss-crossing threads on a frame or loom John Kay (1704-79) James Hargreaves (?-1778) The Blackburn weaver who solved the spinning jam. His Spinning Jenny of 1765 mechanised the spinning of thread by enabling the operator to produce many threads at once by turning a handle. As it was small and required no great strength, it fitted into the existing system of domestic industry and there was no immediate impact on the location of manufacture. Richard Arkwright (1732-92) Industrial Revolution Samuel Crompton (1753-1827) Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) Demolisher of the last blockage in the textile production line. He visited Arkwright's spinning factory in 1784 and realised that it was producing far more yarn than weavers and their primitive technology could turn into cloth. His power loom of 1786 mechanised weaving but needed much refinement and encountered resistance from handloom weavers whose livelihood it threatened.

54. Industrial Revolution - Definition Of Industrial Revolution In Encyclopedia The industrial revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, Rapid advancements in technology left many skilled workers unemployed, http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Industrial_Revolution

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social economic , and technological change in 18th century and 19th century Great Britain . It commenced with the introduction of steam power (fuelled primarily by coal ) and powered, automated machinery (primarily in textile manufacturing). The technological and economic progress of the Industrial Revolution gained momentum with the introduction of steam-powered ships, boats and railways. In the 19th Century it spread throughout Western Europe and North America , eventually impacting the rest of the world. Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Causes 2 Effects 3 Textile manufacture 4 Metallurgy ... 13 External links Causes The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the final end of feudalism in Great Britain following the English Civil War in the 17th century . The Enclosure movement and the British Agricultural Revolution made food production more efficient and less labor-intensive, forcing the surplus population who could no longer find employment in agriculture into the cities to seek work in the newly developed factories. The

55. Child Labor In Factories During The Industrial Revolution Children as young as six years old during the industrial revolution worked 59600 of the workers in the US are under 14 and many other countries have http://www.needham.k12.ma.us/high_school/cur/Baker_00/2002_p7/ak_p7/childlabor.h

Child labor in factories A new workforce during the Industrial Revolution Introduction Wages and Hours Treatment Movements to Regulate Child labor ... Bibliography When the industrial revolution first came to Britain and the U.S., there was a high demand for labor. Families quickly migrated from the rural farm areas to the newly industrialized cities to find work. Once they got there, things did not look as bright as they did. To survive in even the lowest level of poverty, families had to have every able member of the family go to work. This led to the high rise in child labor in factories. Children were not treated well, overworked, and underpaid for a long time before anyone tried to change things for them. Wages and Hours: "They [boys of eight years] used to get 3d [d is the abbreviation for pence] or 4d a day. Now a man's wages is divided into eight eighths; at eleven, two eighths; at thirteen, three eighths; at fifteen, four eighths; at twenty, a man's wagesÐ About 15s [shillings]." http://www.galenet.com/servlet/SRC/

56. 81.02.06: The Industrial Revolution The era known as the industrial revolution was a period in which Slowly,workers began to realize the strength they could possess if they were a unified http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html

Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute Home The Industrial Revolution by Joseph A. Montagna Contents of Curriculum Unit 81.02.06: Narrative Bibliography for Teachers Bibliography for Students To Guide Entry Introduction The era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England. This period is appropriately labeled “revolution,” for it thoroughly destroyed the old manner of doing things; yet the term is simultaneously inappropriate, for it connotes abrupt change. The changes that occurred during this period (1760-1850), in fact, occurred gradually. The year 1760 is generally accepted as the “eve” of the Industrial Revolution. In reality, this eve began more than two centuries before this date. The late 18th century and the early l9th century brought to fruition the ideas and discoveries of those who had long passed on, such as, Galileo, Bacon, Descartes and others. Advances in agricultural techniques and practices resulted in an increased supply of food and raw materials, changes in industrial organization and new technology resulted in increased production, efficiency and profits, and the increase in commerce, foreign and domestic, were all conditions which promoted the advent of the Industrial Revolution. Many of these conditions were so closely interrelated that increased activity in one spurred an increase in activity in another. Further, this interdependence of conditions creates a problem when one attempts to delineate them for the purpose of analysis in the classroom. Therefore, it is imperative that the reader be acutely aware of this when reading the following material.

57. MSN Encarta - Industrial Revolution Great books about your topic, industrial revolution, selected by Encarta editors By about the 1820s, income levels for most workers began to improve, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577952_2/Industrial_Revolution.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Factory System Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Industrial Revolution Search for books and more related to Industrial Revolution Encarta Search Search Encarta about Industrial Revolution Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Industrial Revolution ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 2 of 5 Industrial Revolution Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 29 items Article Outline Introduction Great Britain Leads the Way The Industrial Revolution in the United States The Industrial Revolution Around the World ... Costs and Benefits A Steam If iron was the key metal of the Industrial Revolution, the steam engine was perhaps the most important machine technology. Inventions and improvements in the use of steam for power began prior to the 18th century, as they had with iron. As early as 1689, English engineer Thomas Savery created a steam engine to pump water from mines. Thomas Newcomen , another English engineer, developed an improved version by 1712. Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer

58. MSN Encarta - Industrial Revolution Search for books and more related to industrial revolution In order to counterthe power of business, workers tried to form trade unions to represent http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577952_5/Industrial_Revolution.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Factory System Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Industrial Revolution Search for books and more related to Industrial Revolution Encarta Search Search Encarta about Industrial Revolution Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Industrial Revolution ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 5 of 5 Industrial Revolution Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 29 items Article Outline Introduction Great Britain Leads the Way The Industrial Revolution in the United States The Industrial Revolution Around the World ... Costs and Benefits E Growth of Cities E Effects on Labor Industrialization brought to the United States conflicts and stresses similar to the ones encountered in Britain and in Europe. Those who had a stake in the traditional economy lost ground as mechanized production replaced household manufacturing. Often, skilled workers found their income and their status under attack from the new machines and the relentless division of labor. Businesses had always enjoyed considerable power in their relationships with the labor force, but the balance tipped even more in their favor as firms grew larger. In order to counter the power of business, workers tried to form

59. Industrial Revolution - Overview The industrial revolution wasn t simply a switch in the way we earned our The workers had their example in the French revolution, which began in 1789, http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/overviewo.htm

WHEN I came to live in the cotton district of Lancashire in the early sixties, the textile industry that had helped to change the world was already in terminal decline. By Doug Peacock Few of those involved were prepared to admit it, but amid the townscapes of tall, still-smoking chimneys, cavernously-depressing mills and sad, endless rows of cheap workers' housing, what I was witnessing was the slow, agonising death of King Cotton. Watching a friend die is a sobering experience and it made me reflect on how little I knew about this once-great industry. I decided I owed it to myself and to the vanishing breed of mill people to discover more about them and about the revolution they started. The Industrial Revolution wasn't simply a switch in the way we earned our living, a move away from farming into manufacturing. It was an absolute upheaval, bringing about the overthrow of almost everything that had gone before. It was a volcano spouting out new ideas and concepts that buried the past, leaving nothing - not even our religion or our other long-cherished beliefs - unscathed. It all began, strangely enough, in an area of England that was considered behind the times. London in the 18th century was fashionable and sophisticated but Lancashire, far to the North, was still in a comparative dark age. It was a wilderness populated by poor farmers scratching a living from inhospitable soil, not the sort of territory into which a civilised gentleman would venture without a pressing reason.

60. Industrial Revolution - The Handloom Weaver HANDLOOM weavers were the highrollers of the textile industry in the final decadeof the Good pay and an increasing demand for cloth brought workers, http://www.cottontimes.co.uk/workers1.htm

HANDLOOM weavers were the high-rollers of the textile industry in the final decade of the 18th century. But this very fact - and the invention and development of the power loom - sowed the seeds of the trade's destruction. A HANDLOOM weaver at work. The picking-stick in his right hand operates Kay's flying shuttle Good pay and an increasing demand for cloth brought workers, particularly Irish immigrants, flooding in to the relatively easily-learned handloom weaving trade. So even before power looms made any real impact, wages had begun to fall as a result of an imbalance of supply over demand. There were just too many people chasing what was seen as easy money. By 1807, because of Britain's war with France, trade was in deep recession and manufacturers were taking advantage of the situation by putting out work to handloom weavers at breadline prices. They then stockpiled the completed pieces so they could cash in at higher rates when better times returned. For the cottage weaver, it was the first real hint of the troubles ahead. Things were no better for those who had opted for factory employment on the new, steam-powered looms. In May, 1808, the Weavers' Minimum Wage Bill was rejected by the House of Commons. Five days later, 6,000 weavers gathered on St George's Fields in Manchester to protest and call for a 33per cent wage increase - the average pay for an 84-hour week was now down to about 8s (40p).

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