81. IndonesiaWebLinks http//www.prica.org/indonesia/general/history.html. World history Archiveshistory of the Republic of indonesia http//www.hartfordhwp.com/archives/54b/ http://www.aems.uiuc.edu/HTML/IndonesiaWebLinks.htm

Indonesia Web Links Lesson Plans Geography Maps Photos ... Home Department of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia http://www.intergrouprelations.uiuc.edu Lesson Plans Rice: The Global Crop http://www.askasia.org/teachers/Instructional_Resources/Lesson_Plans/Indonesia/LP_indonesia_1.htm Indonesia lessons for grades 6-8 http://teachersplanet.com/subjects/indones.shtml Understanding Indonesia in the 21st Century (For secondary and higher education students) http://spice.stanford.edu/newunits/indonesia.html Proteacher Lesson Plans: Indonesia Thematic Worksheets http://www1.tpgi.com.au/users/wendie/thematic.htm Money in Indonesia: Lesson for High School Students http://www.catholicrelief.org/kids/lesson.cfm?ID=6 Money in Indonesia: Lesson for Middle School Students http://www.catholicrelief.org/kids/lesson.cfm?ID=5 Money in Indonesia: Lesson for Upper Elementary Students http://www.catholicrelief.org/kids/lesson.cfm?ID=4 Geography / Culture Sites Official Website of Indonesian Culture and Tourism http://www.budpar.go.id/

82. Windows On Asia While the unified state of indonesia is a modern creation, the area comprisingthe nation has a long history and has seen the rise and fall of many states http://www.asia.msu.edu/seasia/Indonesia/history.html

You are in Indonesian History Period of Hindu/Buddhist Kingdoms (5th-13th centuries) The Spread of Islam: 13th century The Coming of the Europeans: 16th century The Independence Movement and Modern Indonesia Introduction Period of Hindu/Buddhist Kingdoms (5th-13th centuries) http://www.borobudur.tv/index.htm The Spread of Islam: 13th century The Coming of the Europeans: 16th century The Dutch East India Company, formed in 1602, and the British East India Company, formed in 1600, were rivals for control of Asia but, as Protestant nations, united in their attacks on Catholic Spain and Portugal. The Dutch East India Company soon ousted Portugal from most of Indonesia, establishing their headquarters in the major town of Jayakarta, in West Java, which they renamed Batavia. Batavia remained the capital of the Netherlands East Indies until the Indonesian declaration of independence in August 1945, when it was re-named, Jakarta, becoming the capital of the newly independent Indonesia in 1949. The Dutch transformed the islands of Indonesia. They disrupted the long established regional trading networks, making external trade the exclusive preserve of the Dutch and making inter-regional trade the preserve of the Chinese. Agriculture was also transformed in the 19th century. The Dutch created the "Cultivation System", by which Javanese farmers were forced to produce such crops as sugar, indigo, coffee and tea for sale to the state at fixed prices. These were then sold to European markets. This system resulted in the transformation of the subsistence economy into a market economy, the gradual impoverishment of the farmers, and their conversion from landowners to tenants.

83. Cockatoo Press Online / Indonesia / History The strategic position of indonesia and its waterways between the Indian andPacific Oceans has led to fascinating and complex cultural, religious, http://www.cockatoo.com/english/indonesia/indonesia_history.htm

Home Indonesia More on Indonesia Indonesia http://cockatoo.com/english Newpapers The Land People History ... Click here for schedules and prices for PELNI ships. Newsgroup info: Sea travel between Indonesia and Australia Basic Facts (in Indonesian) Singapore Travel News Singapore http://cockatoo.com/english papers History The strategic position of Indonesia and its waterways between the Indian and Pacific Oceans has led to fascinating and complex cultural, religious, political and economic history. Evidence of Indonesia's earliest inhabitants include fossils of "Java Man" (Pithecanthropus Erectus), which date back some 500,000 years, discovered near the village of Trinil in East Java by Dr. Eugene Dubois in 1809. Major migration movements to the Indonesian archipelago began about 3000 years ago as the Dongson Culture of Vietnam and southern China spread south, bringing with them new Stone, Bronze and Iron Age cultures as well as the Austronesian language. Their techniques of irrigated rice cultivation are still practiced throughout Indonesia today. Other remnants of this culture such as ritual buffalo sacrifice, erection of stone megaliths and ikat weaving are still visible in isolated areas across the archipelago. Indonesia came under the influence of a mighty Indian civilization through the gradual influx of Indian traders in the first century, A.D., when great Hindu and Buddhist empires were beginning to emerge. By the seventh century, the powerful Buddhist Kingdom of Sriwijaya was on the rise, and it is thought that during this period the spectacular Borobudur Buddhist Temple was built in Central Java. The thirteenth century saw the dominance of the fabulous Majapahit Hindu empire in East Java, which united the whole of modern-day Indonesia and parts of the Malay peninsula, ruling for two centuries. Monuments across Java such as the magnificent Prambanan temple complex near Yogyakarta the mysterious Penataran temple complex in East Java and the ethereal temples of the Dieng Plateau are all that remain of this glorious period in Indonesia's history.

84. Recommended Publications - Living In Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia pictorial introduction to artifacts throughout indonesia s history. An introduction to the history, geography and culture is presented along with http://www.expat.or.id/info/recpubs.html

Newspapers and Magazines Non-Fiction Business Fiction ... Community Publications Newspapers, Magazines and Newsletters Indonesian Expat Newsletter - What's going on in Indonesia? Stay up-to-date with the latest news and interesting articles from a wide range of sources on the internet! (e-newsletter issued 3 times/week). Write to Bartele to receive the newsletter free of charge. Jakarta Kini - is the premier city life magazine for visitors and expats in Jakarta. It brings you all the latest news - events, music, exhibitions, shows, festivals, new restaurants, bars, clubs and travel. From business and golf news to shopping and lifestyle interviews, Jakarta Kini is your essential guide to the city. For more information call 581-3360 (for a subscription form ask for Lila). If your hotel or apartment does not already provide you with a free personal copy of Jakarta Kini, please ask the management to obtain a copy. Kem Chick's World The Jakarta Post - For over 13 years, the Jakarta Post has provided the expatriate and English-reading Indonesian communities with excellent coverage of local, national and international events.

85. Welcome To EAST NUSA TENGGARA - INDONESIA : History history Tenggara with regular, direct flights to and from Darwin in Australiaas well as with the rest of the archipelago. back to indonesiatourism.com. http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/east-nusa-tenggara/history.html

HISTORY The islands of East Nusa Tenggara have been Shaped by the power and force of an enormous chain of mountains and volcanoes which begins in the north of Sumatra and stretches east across Java. The province consists of over islands, but is dominated by the three main islands of Flores, Sumba, and Timor. Occupying a unique position at the junction of Australian and Asian submarine ridges marked by the Wallace Line, it is one the world's most dynamic and exotic marine environments with nearly every species of coral and tropical fish represented. The arid landscape of eastern and southeastern Nusa Tenggara is the result of hot, dry winds blasting in from the Australian continent. In fact, in many coastal areas not a drop of rain falls during most of the year. Flores is a Portuguese name which means "flower" and ideally describes the beauty to be found here. This long island between Sumbawa and Timor is crowded with volcanoes and mountains dividing it into several distinct regions with individual languages and traditions. Predominantly Catholic and heavily influenced by the Portuguese, there are many examples of a strong European cultural heritage like Easter procession held in Larantuka, and the royal regalia of the former king in Maumere. Formerly known as the Sandalwood Island, Sumba is now famous for its horses and an excellent style of ikat cloth. Spirits, both ancestral and natural are worshiped. Although some exist in East Sumba, it is in West Sumba that there are a number of enormous megalithic tombs and traditional thatched and peaked huts raised on stilts. It is here where incredible rituals take place, such as "Pasola" where hundreds of horsemen fling spears at each other in an annual ritual. Many traditional ceremonies, all with a component paying homage to the spirits, take place from July to October including the building of adat or traditional houses and burials when sometimes hundreds of pigs, water buffaloes, horses, and dogs are sacrified. Other ceremonies include "Pajura" or traditional boxing, festivals for the Lunar New Year in October and November, horse races and ritual! dances.

86. LOVE INDONESIA PHILATELY Contains forums, chat, details of clubs, history of the countries stamps, and beginners area. http://www.indonesianewsonline.com/prangko/stamps/lp.htm

87. Welcome To WEST NUSA TENGGARA - INDONESIA : History and fauna of Western and Eastern indonesia and acts as the Western boundaryof West Nusa Tenggara which includes the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa. http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/west-nusa-tenggara/history.html

HISTORY The Wallace Line , named after 19th century naturalist, Alfred Russell Wallace, marks a point of transition between the flora and fauna of Western and Eastern Indonesia and acts as the Western boundary of West Nusa Tenggara which includes the islands of Lombok and Sumbawa. Lombok is noticeably different to its close neighbour, Bali. The northern part of the island is mountainous and lush with tall trees and shrubs. The south, on the other hand is arid and covered by savannas. Large Asian mammals are absent and replaced instead by large numbers of marsupials, lizards, cockatoos and parrots. The difference becomes more pronounced as one moves further east where dry seasons are more prolonged and the land is dry and bush-like, and so in many areas corn and sago are the staple food, instead of rice. At around the time Islam first came to these islands in the 1 6th century, four Hindu Kingdoms co-existed in apparent peace in what is now West Nusa Tenggara and is still the religion embraced by those in the west of Lombok, who are primarily Balinese. Lombok experienced strong Balinese influences in the past, but has still retained a unique identity. The indigenous people of Lombok, the Sasaks, are predominantly Moslem and have a strong, distinguished tradition as do the people of neighouring Sumbawa. Soft, white sand, virgin beaches are typical in Lombok, where the motto is

88. Access Indonesia AsianInfo, This website provides indonesia s history and Background, CountryReports, This website provides information on indonesia s history such as http://cippad.usc.edu/ai/themes/cfm/links.cfm?theme_curr=history

89. KOPASSUS: Inside Indonesia's Special Forces - Ken Conboy - Equinox Publishing While Kopassus contribution to indonesian history has been significant, It will continue to play a major role in shaping indonesia s history for many http://www.equinoxpublishing.com/kopassus/default.htm

ISBN Size : 15 x 22 cm Weight : 400 g Pages Format : Softcover, 16 pages of photos Price : USD 14.95 Each order will be charged a flat USD 2.50 shipping fee, plus an additional USD 2.50 handling fee per book. International orders (outside the US and Indonesia) are subject to a USD 10 surcharge per shipment. **Please make sure your credit card billing address is the same as your shipping address. If not, it is likely the order will be rejected.** KOPASSUS Inside Indonesia's Special Forces By Ken Conboy Here, for the first time, this secretive and controversial unit is exposed in KOPASSUS: Inside Indonesia's Special Forces by acclaimed author Ken Conboy. In this new age of terrorism and counter-terrorism, and especially in the wake of the October 2002 Bali bombing, understanding Kopassus is an integral part of understanding the politics of modern Indonesia. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in unconventional warfare, contemporary Indonesian history, and the brushfire wars that have swept the Indonesian archipelago over the past fifty years. Home KOPASSUS Review: Jakarta Post Review: Bali Advertiser The Jakarta Post December 22, 2002

90. TPS Java Province, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia - History Of Exploration history OF EXPLORATION Knowledge of oil on Java and Sumatra was reported as early as Independent indonesia American Petroleum Company (IIAPCO) was then http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/energy/WorldEnergy/OF99-50R/history.html

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Petroleum Systems of the Northwest Java Province, Java and Offshore Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia by Michele G. Bishop Open-File Report 99-50R HISTORY OF EXPLORATION Knowledge of oil on Java and Sumatra was reported as early as the year 954 and in 1596 a Dutch voyage reported a well in Sumatra producing a balm used for treating rheumatism and for lighting purposes (Van Bemmelen, 1949). In 1869, Von Baumhauer recorded 44 oil seeps in Java, drilling for oil started in West Java in 1872 and the first oil company started operations in East Java in 1887 (Van Bemmelen, 1949). Early exploration wells in West Java onshore were drilled by Jon Reesink who was a store keeper in Cirebon (Courteney and others, 1989). He visited the United States, collected drilling equipment and skills, and began drilling at Cibodas in 1871 with the financial backing of Nederlandsche Handel Maatschappij (the predecessor of Royal Dutch Shell) (Courteney and others, 1989). Sub-commercial oil was found in two of his first four wells, which were drilled using water buffalo for power. He resumed drilling in 1874 with steam equipment, but the next 5 wells were unsuccessful, which discouraged his backers. However, other drilling ventures were conducted with encouraging shows, and the first commercial oil field was discovered at Randegan in 1939 (Courteney and others, 1989). Exploration was interrupted until 1967 when, at Jatibarang-44, a major oil field was discovered with reserves in the Jatibarang Volcanics (Courteney and others, 1989). Independent Indonesia American Petroleum Company (IIAPCO) was then formed and negotiations began with Indonesia for the first offshore Production Sharing Contract (Courteney and others, 1989; Wight and others, 1997). Sinclair and Natomas joined IIAPCO in 1966 and drilling began in 1968. The “B” field, with cumulative production of 122 MMBO to 1989, and the “E” field, with cumulative production of 160 MMBO to 1989, were the first fields in the Ardjuna Basin (Courteney and others, 1989). The Main and Massive reservoirs of Miocene age contain most of the reserves. Light (36—37? API gravity), low-sulfur, paraffinic and waxy crude with low pour point is produced primarily under water drive (Courteney and others, 1989).

91. Early Civilisations: Old Kingdoms, Great Kings And Trade Empires - Lower Seconda Students journey through time from indonesia s earliest recorded history to thecoming The site below includes a concise summary of indonesian history. http://www.curriculum.edu.au/accessasia/indonesia/teacher/classrom/king.htm

Early Civilisations: Old Kingdoms, Great Kings and Trade Empires Lower Secondary SOSE Unit Studies of Asia Learning Emphases Developing concepts of Asia World contributions by peoples of Asia Specific Indonesia focus: Understand Indonesia's past and the impact of past events on contemporary Indonesia. Explore the links between the growth of the Indonesian spice industry and early European contact. Students journey through time from Indonesia's earliest recorded history to the coming of the Dutch, recording some influential kingdoms, important people and significant events. Earlier Times in Indonesia Digging Deeper into Indonesia's History The Spice Trade Stepping into Another's Shoes Teaching and Learning Activities Earlier Times in Indonesia The site below includes a concise summary of Indonesian history. Print out those pages that relate to Prehistory, The Hindu/Buddhist Period, Islam, The Portuguese Period, The English Period and The Dutch Era. Indonesia.net: Culture and History http://www.indonesia.net/History.htm Divide the class into six groups. Allocate each group a different period and give them a copy of the information on that period. Students read the information and make notes of the key points. Each student makes a copy of the group's notes.

92. The History Of Indonesia — Greenwood Publishing Group Through six chapters, Drakeley discusses indonesian history beginning with Ideal for students and general readers, the history of indonesia is part of http://www.greenwood.com/books/BookDetail.asp?dept_id=1&sku=GR3114

93. Classroom Indonesia MODERN indonesiaN history. When the Japanese left indonesia after the SecondWorld War, A turning point in indonesian history was reached when Sukarno http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/outreach/resources/ProjectIndonesia

M ODERN I NDONESIAN H ISTORY When the Japanese left Indonesia after the Second World War, supporters of the Indonesian independence movement filled the vacuum, and on August 31 established an Indonesian government with Sukarno as president and Hatta as vice-president. The efforts of the Dutch to return to their former colony were thwarted by international pressure. For over fifteen years, Indonesia remained politically unstable. The population was growing rapidly, and the economy had been devastated by the war. President Sukarno ruled Indonesia for two decades. In 1960, he dismantled the elected parliament and appointed the new legislature. This new body could only enact laws with which the president agreed. Sukarno also adopted a policy of confrontation with Malaysia, the United States, and the West. During the Sukarno era, the Indonesian Army and the PKI (the communist party) were the two most powerful organizations in the country. In 1965, Sukarno supported a proposal to arm the communists. In the turmoil that followed, six of the Indonesian Army's top generals were murdered. General Suharto, who was not targeted, mobilized his units to restore order in Jakarta. The impression among Indonesians at the time was that the generals had been murdered by PKI supporters. In the aftermath of the violence, thousands of Communists were slaughtered across Indonesia. General Suharto took control of the armed forces and began to weaken the authority of President Sukarno. A turning point in Indonesian history was reached when Sukarno officially allowed Suharto to act independently of Sukarno. Suharto proceeded to officially ban the PKI. He placed pro-Sukarno officers under arrest and seized control of Indonesia's communications infrastructure. In March 1968, Suharto was formally 'elected' president. He has ruled Indonesia since then. Today, Indonesia is politically stable. Political opposition is firmly suppressed.

94. Classroom Indonesia ANCIENT indonesiaN history. indonesia consists of thousands of islands stretchingfrom the Asian mainland into the Pacific Ocean. We can divide indonesia http://www.einaudi.cornell.edu/southeastasia/outreach/resources/ProjectIndonesia

A NCIENT I NDONESIAN H ISTORY Indonesia consists of thousands of islands stretching from the Asian mainland into the Pacific Ocean. We can divide Indonesia into eight regions: Java, Bali, Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Irian Jaya. Each region possesses a distinct history and culture. The original inhabitants of Indonesia were animists. An animist is a person who believes that every object has a soul or life force. People from India and Burma began to migrate to Indonesia two thousand years ago. They were followed by people from China and Indochina. The Indonesian archipelago had abundant natural resources which made it attractive to foreign traders. Spices like cloves, nutmeg and mace which were very rare at the time also brought traders to the archipelago. Hindu influence in Indonesia Statues and inscriptions found across Indonesia show the influence of Hinduism and Buddhism on Indonesian culture over 1500 years ago. By the 7th Century, the Sumatran Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom of Srivijaya had become very powerful because it controlled the straits of Malacca between Sumatra and the Malay peninsula. The straits of Malacca is a strip of water through which all ships had to pass in order to go to China. It was therefore crucial for trade. On the island of Java, the Buddhist Shailendra dynasty and the Hindu Mataram dynasty were in power between the 8th and the 10th Centuries. These dynasties built the magnificient temples of Borobudur and Prambanan. The last important Hindu kingdom was the Majapahit Kingdom. Founded in East Java in 1293, its power was largely due to one of its early prime ministers, Gajah Mada.

95. Asiabooks Catalogue - Indonesia Explorations in the environmental history of indonesia. It covers an importantarea of cultural and social history in indonesia, with pieces linking the http://www.asiabooks.gil.com.au/catalogue/indonesia_01.html

Books About... Indonesia By Author Name: D - F G - K L - P Q - T ... U - Z A Adeney, Frances. CHRISTIAN WOMEN IN INDONESIA. A narrative study of gender and religion. (Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 2003, 176 pp., ISBN 8156 2956 7) Revelatory studies capture a moment in Indonesian history: 'a leap forward in what may be a major transition from patriarchy to gender equality.' Price: $59.00 Ananta, Aris (editor). HUMAN DEVELOPMENT DURING THE INDONESIAN CRISIS. (Singapore, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2002, ISBN 981 230 171 2) This book focuses on the impact of the 1997-99 economic crisis on human development in Indonesia, especially in 1998, its worst year. Based on the definition used by UNDP, human development is analysed as covering human capital (education and health) and purchasing power. In this book, the concept of human capital is broadened to include freedom from fear, health, education and migration. Price: $70.00 Aragon, Lorraine V. FIELDS OF THE LORD. Animism, Christian minorities, and State development in Indonesia. (Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press., 2000, 344 pp., ISBN 8248 2303 6)

96. Indonesia (05/05) Throughout Indonesian history the military maintained a prominent role in thenation s political and social affairs. Traditionally a significant number of http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2748.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs May 2005 Background Note: Indonesia PROFILE Official Name: Republic of Indonesia Geography Area: 2 million sq. km. (736,000 sq. mi.), about three times the size of Texas; maritime area: 7,900,000 sq. km. Cities: Capital Jakarta (est. 8.8 million). Other cities Surabaya 3.0 million, Medan 2.5 million, Bandung 2.5 million plus an additional 3 million in the surrounding area. Terrain: More than 17,000 islands; 6,000 are inhabited; 1,000 of which are permanently settled. Large islands consist of coastal plains with mountainous interiors. Climate: Equatorial but cooler in the highlands. People Nationality: Noun and adjective Indonesian(s). Population (2004): 224 million. Annual population growth rate (2004): 1.9%. Ethnic groups: Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, others 26%. Religions: Islam 87%, Protestant 6%, Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist and other 1%. Languages: Indonesian (official), local languages, the most important of which is Javanese.

97. Coca-Cola Amatil - Indonesian History indonesia Tel 62 21 750 2345 9000 Fax 62 21 7590 9423. CocaCola was firstintroduced to indonesia in 1927 with local production beginning in 1932 at a http://www.ccamatil.com/historyOfAmatilIndonesia.asp

Other sites Search CCA The Coca-Cola Company Active Factor Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Coca-Cola Australia ... Careers at CCA INDONESIAN HISTORY Company Overview 5 Year Financial Summary Company History Australia ... South Korea PT Coca-Cola Bottling Indonesia Plasa Aminta 3rd Floor, Suite 302 Jalan Let. Jend. TB Simatupang Kav.10 Jakarta, 12310 Indonesia Tel: 62 21 750 2345#9000 Fax: 62 21 7590 9423 Coca-Cola was first introduced to Indonesia in 1927 with local production beginning in 1932 at a bottling plant in Jakarta. Annual production at that time was approximately 10,000 cases with the business employing 25 people and operating 3 distribution trucks. From there, CCA has grown to become the leading manufacturer and distributor of non-alcoholic and ready to drink products in Indonesia with 11 bottling plants across the country, the most recent being a US$72 million state-of-the art production facility near the capital Jakarta, which opened in 1996. CCA now has a 90% share of the Indonesian Coca-Cola market and employ approximately 10,000 people. Millions of cases are distributed to and sold to more than 400,000 customer retail outlets throughout Indonesia.

98. Making Of Modern Indonesia A dictionary of indonesian history since 1900 over 500 people, events, that have contributed to the history of indonesia this century, GB Clancy, 1992 http://www.library.adelaide.edu.au/guide/hum/asian/Indonesia.html

@import "/lib/house.css"; The University of Adelaide Library Guides Help ... Search Modern Indonesia This is a selective guide to www sites, databases, reference items and other BSL sources . For any further help in finding or using these resources please come in to see or contact your Research Librarian for History, ph. 83033706 Margaret Hosking (Mon, Tues, Wed am) or her assistant, Peter Jacobs (Wed pm, Thurs am, Fri am) Library Home Catalogue CONTENTS WWW sites HANDBOOKS, ENCYCLOPAEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES ATLASES ... PRIMARY SOURCES Last update March 2004 Margaret Hosking WWW sites Indonesia: Society and culture and WWW-VL HISTORY: INDONESIA from the Asian studies WWW virtual library. East and Southeast Asia: an annotated directory of internet resources Go Asia Pacific from the ABC International Institute for Asian Studies Newsletter ( IIAS Newsletter) Asia observer Asia Times online - Southeast Asia section HANDBOOKS, ENCYCLOPAEDIAS AND DICTIONARIES Historical dictionary of Indonesia , by Robert Cribb. 1992 REF 959.8003 C928h A dictionary of Indonesian history since 1900 : over 500 people, events, and ideas that have contributed to the history of Indonesia this century

99. AllRefer.com - Indonesia - Foreign Policy Under Suharto | Indonesian Information In the context of indonesia s long history, the forces bringing about greaterintegration with the international community while creating political and http://reference.allrefer.com/country-guide-study/indonesia/indonesia40.html

You are here allRefer Reference Indonesia History ... Indonesia Indonesia Foreign Policy under Suharto Indonesia's foreign relations after 1966 can be characterized as generally moderate, inclined toward the West, and regionally focused. As a founding member of the Nonaligned Movement Given Indonesia's strategic location at the eastern entrance to the Indian Ocean, including command of the Malacca and Sunda straits, the country has been viewed as vital to the Asian security interests of the United States and its allies. Washington extended generous amounts of military aid and became the principal supplier of equipment to the Indonesian armed forces. Because of its nonaligned foreign policy, Jakarta did not have a formal military alliance with the United States but benefited indirectly from United States security arrangements with other states in the region, such as Australia and the Philippines. The New Order's political repressiveness and its pacification of East Timor, however, were criticized directly and indirectly by some United States officials, who in the late 1980s began calling for greater openness. Peter Bellwood's Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago is an excellent source for understanding the early development of Indonesian society. Jacques Dumarçay's

100. INDONESIA: Time For A New Indonesian History Time for a new Indonesian history. Thirtyeight years since the events thatpropelled General Suharto to power, and five years since his downfall, http://www.ahrchk.net/statements/mainfile.php/2003statement/142/

Asian Human Rights Commission - Statement Main Archives Subscribe to Mailing List AHRC Home Search this section: Advanced Search Print This Article INDONESIA: Time for a new Indonesian history 6 October 2003 AS-34-2003 A Statement by the Asian Human Rights Commission - AHRC Time for a new Indonesian history Thirty-eight years since the events that propelled General Suharto to power, and five years since his downfall, Indonesians are still subjected to a version of history conceived and propagated by the New Order regime. That version served as both the pretext and justification for one of the largest and least known crimes against humanity of the twentieth century: the 1965-66 massacre of some half a million to a million alleged communists. In addition to those killed, hundreds of thousands more were tortured and imprisoned. The families of those accused were also victimized through a programme of institutional ostracism that denied them the opportunity to engage in normal economic and social life. To this day, September 30 is officially commemorated in Indonesia by mourning the six generals killed during the purported leftist coup attempt that Suharto used as the means to seize state power. By contrast, nothing is as yet officially said of the millions murdered afterwards. However, an increasing number of individuals and organizations are coming forward to publicly recall and document this massive atrocity. Graves are being opened, data is being collected, and more officials are breaking their silence. Many are doing this despite attacks on their lives and property by the army and paramilitary groups.

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