61. Native American - Definition Of Native American In Encyclopedia A law passed by the state s general Assembly recognized only two races, In Latin america, the preferred expression is indigenous peoples (pueblos http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Native_American

Add to Favorites General Encyclopedia Legal ... Law forum Search Word: Visit our Law forums Labor Law Accidents Law Bankruptcy Law Business Law ... Tax Law Native Americans (also Indians Aboriginal Peoples American Indians First Nations Alaskan Natives , or Indigenous Peoples of America ) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization , and their modern descendants. This term comprises a large number of distinct tribes states , and ethnic groups , many of them still enduring as political communities. Depending on the context, the terms "Indian" or "Native American" may or may not include the Eskimos Inuit Yupik , and Aleut peoples), whose culture and genetics are distinct from the other groups. The terms may be construed either to include or to exclude the Canadian Métis Contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early history 2 European colonization of the Americas 3 Native Americans in the United States 3.1 Early relations ... 10 External links Early history See also: Archeology of the Americas Based on anthropological and genetic evidence, scientists generally agree that most Native Americans descend from people who

62. Dialogue Between Nations We, the indigenous peoples of all regions of the World Arctic/Europe, Africa,Asia, North america, Central and south america and Caribbean, Pacific, http://www.dialoguebetweennations.com/access/english/access/IPMillenniumDecPanam

Indigenous Peoples' Millennium Conference Statement Panama May 7-11, 2001 We, the Indigenous Peoples of all regions of the World - Arctic/Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, Central and South America and Caribbean, Pacific, and the Former USSR/Eastern Europe attending the Indigenous Peoples' Millennium Conference in Panama City from May 7 to May 11, 2001: Note with satisfaction the active presence of all of the regions of the world at this Conference and our progress in understanding each other's realities. Whether we identify ourselves as Indigenous, Aboriginal, Tribal, Autonomous, First Nations, Native Peoples, First Peoples or, by other terms, it gives us great pride, hope and satisfaction that as Peoples we can, together, work ardently for the recognition of our rights and the preservation and restoration of our values, cultural identities and way of life. Have discussed several topics of great concern to us. Among these were: - The UN International Decade for the World's Indigenous Peoples;

63. Indigenous Peoples' Human Rights The Mapuche People of south america1. Background These are meant to addressthe rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set by UN Convention No. http://www.hrusa.org/indig/reports/mapuche.htm

The Mapuche People of South America Background For most of the time since independence, Chile has pursued policies explicitly meant to take control of Mapuche territories. The political, cultural and social independence of the Mapuche was explicitly denied, and even now the Chilean Constitution does not recognize the distinct political and cultural identities of indigenous peoples within Chile. However, in 1993 a law was passed to recognize, protect and support indigenous peoples (Law 19.253 for the Protection, Promotion and Development of Indigenous People). There are five main foci of the law: political participation, education, land rights, cultural rights, and development rights. These are meant to address the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples as set by UN Convention No. 169: The Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention. MAP OF CHILE Source: WorldAtlas.com http://www.graphicmaps.com/webimage/countrys/samerica/maps/clmap.htm Current Struggles Hydroelectric development: Perhaps one of the most important struggles for the Mapuche is the movement against hydro-electric development in their territories, on the Bío Bío River. In the Bío Bío project, the energy company ENDESA, S.A. (owned by Spanish parent company Enersis Group) plans to build six dams along the Bío Bío River for hydro-electric power. The project began with the Pangue dam, and construction of the second dam (Ralco) is currently underway. The Mapuche were not included in the planning for this project. In fact, two Mapuche representatives in the Chilean government were dismissed because of their resistance to the project. After their dismissal, the president appointed a non-Mapuche to the position, and the project was approved.

64. Main Menu to meet their peers from the Caribbean, and Central and south america. It is hoped that consultations with member states and indigenous peoples will http://w01.international.gc.ca/minpub/Publication.asp?publication_id=377849&Lang

65. Indigenous Peoples & Globalization | IFG At the time the IFG began the indigenous peoples and Globalization program, awareness among indigenous peoples, especially in North and south america, http://www.ifg.org/programs/indig.htm

Go to: home about events programs news room book store analysis contact IFG join IFG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND GLOBALIZATION PROGRAM See Resources on Indigenous Peoples Issues Below Indigenous peoples are on the cusp of the crisis in sustainable development. Their communities are concrete examples of sustainable societies, historically evolved in diverse ecosystems. Today, they face the challenges of extinction or survival and renewal in a globalized world. The impact of globalization is strongest on these populations perhaps more than any other because these communities have no voice and are therefore easily swept aside by the invisible hand of the market and its proponents. Globalization is not merely a question of marginalization for indigenous peoples it is a multi-pronged attack on the very foundation of their existence and livelihoods, for example: Indigenous people throughout the world sit on the "frontlines" of globalization's expansion; they occupy the last pristine places on earth, where resources are still abundant: forests, minerals, water, and genetic diversity. All are ferociously sought by global corporations, trying to push traditional societies off their lands. New advances in technology, the reorientation toward export-led development, and the imperatives of pleasing global financial markets are all driving forces in the extermination of countless native communities which stand in their way.

66. Classroom Edition: Intellectual Property Rights Of Indigenous Peoples. Many Native people in south america and other parts of the world are being Similarly, no one has paid for the indigenous people s invention of rubber http://www.ammsa.com/classroom/CLASS3Intelligence.html

Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Peoples By Jack D. Forbes Windspeaker Staff Writer Native American Studies University of California, Davis Major corporations, especially including chemical and biomedical organizations, are rapidly attempting to establish ownership of ever conceivable herb, herbal extract, food plant, plant fiber, productive procedure or idea under the general title of "intellectual property rights". Many Native people in South America and other parts of the world are being tricked into teaching outsiders about specific native plants which then will be registered by a non-indigenous corporation. Although there are some outsiders who are attempting to help indigenous groups, most traditional knowledge will be appropriated without any rights being vested in any indigenous groups. A lot of First Nations people are becoming very concerned. Historically, the Europeans have appropriated innumerable species of maize (corn), potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, cacao (chocolate), peanuts, persimmons, bananas (pacobas), yucca (cassava), tapioca, chayote, jicama, papayas, etc., along with countless medical remedies such as witch-hazel, quinine, golden seal, american ginseng, and none of these items have ever been paid for. No "royalties" have ever been given to the indigenous scientists who refined these plants and medicinals over many hundreds or even thousands of years. Similarly, no one has paid for the indigenous people's invention of rubber balls and accessories, kayaks, toboggans etc.

67. Indigenous Peoples: University Of Waikato Law Library Guide and links to indigenous peoples law. Links to sites with informationon legal issues concerning the native peoples of North and south america. http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/resources/law/s_indig.shtml

The Library - Te Whare Pukapuka SEARCH CATALOGUE LIBRARYLINK DATABASES INTERNET SEARCH ASK US ... Text Only Navigate to: Library Home Resources Guides Services ... Suggestions Indigenous Peoples General The Americas Australia East Timor ... Pacific General Fourth World Documentation Project The mission of the Fourth World Documentation Project is to document and make available to tribal governments, researchers and organizations, important documents relating to the social, political, strategic, economic and human rights situations being faced by Fourth World nations and create a historical archive of the political struggles waged by Indigenous Peoples to assert their rights as sovereign nations. NativeWeb A good starting point for finding information of indigenous peoples all around the world. Indigenous Peoples and the Law Latest articles and news items on law affecting indigenous peoples (especially strong in Maori resources) Hosted by Victoria University of Wellington. ILO (International Labour Organisation) Recent developments in the ILO concerning indigenous and tribal peoples with full text of documents such as the Convention no. 169

68. ELandnet You can search resources about unrepresented nations, indigenous peoples and national peoples and unrepresented nations in Central and south america. http://www.elandnet.org/links/en/

69. ALA | Internet Resources: Indigenous Nations and other people throughout the world. Multinational and general Web sites Latin america and south america • AILLA–The Archive of the indigenous http://www.ala.org/ala/acrl/acrlpubs/crlnews/backissues2004/crlbackjan504/indige

ALA American Library Association Search ALA Contact ALA ... Login Quicklinks Career Opportunities Chapters CHOICE Committees Directory of Leadership e-Learning Forms Information Literacy Marketing @ your library Publications Catalog RBM Recruiting to the Profession Scholarly Communication Sections Tipsheets Publications Career Opportunities Back Issues: 2005 Back Issues: 2004 ... Back Issues: 2004 January INTERNET RESOURCES Indigenous nations: Sites of interest January 2004 Vol. 65, No. 1 by Gina Matesic Research in the area of indigenous nations is inherently multidisciplinary, and any researcher soon discovers the layers of historical, legal, political, environmental, and cultural contexts throughout the information-gathering process. Digitized historical documents, maps, government reports (both historical and contemporary), legal cases, and specialized educational curriculum are accessible to researchers. Librarians in the field must perceive library resources in the broadest manner to be most effective to these researchers. Luckily, these efforts are facilitated through the hypertext and visual nature of the Internet. There are numerous quality Internet resources about indigenous peoples, individual communities, organizations, and particular topics. In addition to nonindigenous resources, strong effort has been made to include Internet resources created and maintained by indigenous peoples or nations. Increasingly, these groups have used the Internet to communicate and disseminate information about their communities and issues that affect their lives. This column contains a selective list of resources that cover international and regional resources. The term

70. Hispanic American Center For Economic Research - Indigenous People In South Amer indigenous people in south america. A political awakening In a general electionin 2002, Mr Morales s (mainly Indian) Movement to Socialism won 21% of http://www.hacer.org/current/LATAM29.php

Weekly Latin American News Report by e-mail Click here to unsubscribe. Home Who We Are History Articles Archive ... Latin BLOGS NEW!! Magazines Links Universities Links Online Library Events Calendar ... Latin American Public Policy Experts Guide new! Today's Markets: DJIA NASDAQ Recommended Book: Indigenous people in South America A political awakening Poverty and a new ethnic politics have spawned radical Indian movements in the Andean countries. Are these a threat or a boost to democracy? LUCIO GUARACHI was born in a village on Bolivia's windswept Altiplano, some 4,000 metres (13,000 feet) above sea level. Of Andean Indian descent, he speaks Aymara as well as Spanish. Since he was ten, he has lived mainly in El Alto, an ever-expanding satellite city of 700,000 people whose self-built houses of bare brick or mud and corrugated iron straggle out into the Altiplano above Bolivia's capital, La Paz. He works, when there is work, in a small workshop making water pumps. Last October, he helped to overthrow an elected president. El Alto was the scene of battles between the army and well-organised protestors that ended with at least 59 dead and the resignation of President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a pro-American mining magnate. The ostensible motive for the protests was a scheme by multinational companies to export liquefied natural gas from Bolivia to California via Chile.

71. S. America's Indigenous Uproar | Csmonitor.com Across south america, some of the region s 55 million indigenous people have been Peru s indigenous leaders say the commission reflects the general way http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0720/p06s01-woam.html

WORLD USA COMMENTARY LEARNING ... Text Edition Search: Special Offer: Subscribe to the Monitor and get 32 issues FREE! Africa Americas Asia Pacific ... Global Issues Also see: Iraq in Transition A daily update World Stories: for 09/22/2005 China's model for a censored Internet Opposition to CAFTA wanes in Nicaragua Iraq's democracy dilemma In troubled region, monks build site for peace ... more projects... Most-viewed stories: (for 09/21/05) More students are drawn to conservative colleges Before the oil runs out: How US can cope when gas prices surge Sadr militia's new muscle in south Sticking point of voting-reform bid: photo IDs ... Americas from the July 20, 2004 edition VOTE: An Aymara cast his ballot Sunday in Bolivia's referendum. The results overwhelmingly support allowing exports of the country's natural gas reserves. DADO GALDIERI/AP S. America's indigenous uproar Sunday's Bolivian vote divided indigenous groups; elsewhere natives battle for control over resources. By Lucien O. Chauvin LIMA, PERU Back in April, indigenous people in Ilave, on the shores of Lake Titicaca in southern Peru, lynched the town's mayor after accusing him of corruption, leaving the area in turmoil ever since. That same month, across the Andes in Brazil, a dozen indigenous people in the Amazon massacred 29 miners who were believed to be illegally extracting diamonds from their land.

72. Ecuador - LANIC Islas Galapagos Spanish Language Center south American Language Center general. Government. Health. Human Rights. indigenous peoples http://www.lanic.utexas.edu/la/ecuador/

Ecuador Academic Research Resources Centros de Estudios Interamericanos Centers for Interamerican Studies (CEDEI) ESTADE Autores Alfredo Tinajero Cevallos y Amparo Barba González Ciudad Centro de Investigaciones Ecuadorian Studies Section of the Latin American Studies Association LASA EPN ESPOL Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH FLACSO-Ecuador FUNDACYT IECE Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales ILDIS Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador PUCE REICYT Revista Iconos Ciencias Sociales - FLACSO The Cacha Medical Spanish Institute Medical Spanish Immersion course in Riobamba, Ecuador The History Guy: Ecuador-Peru Border War of 1941 Universidad Agraria del Ecuador UAE UASB UCSG Universidad de Cuenca UEES Universidad Internacional del Ecuador Universidad Internacional Sek Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabi Universidad Nacional de Loja ... Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ UST UTPL UTE World History Archives History of Ecuador Artecuador Arte Ecuatoriano Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana CCE Centro Cultural Abya-Yala The Ethnic Shop Arte nativo Languages of Ecuador Literatura Ecuatoriana Museo de Arte Religioso Riobamba Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador Tejidos Ecuador Trama Wabash Center for Ecuadorian Studies ... Consejo Nacional de Valores Organismo Regulador del Mercado de Capitales CAE CORPECE CFN Corporación de Promoción de Exportaciones e Inversiones CORPEI Country Economic Assessments IDB Ecuador Economy Cornell University

73. WRM Bulletin Nº 94 - South America / May 2005 Challenging such decision, the indigenous peoples carried out, After thegeneral meeting, the Tupinikim and Guarani sought the support of the lawful http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/94/SA.html

WRM Bulletin To download the bulletin in word format click here For free subscription Previous issues French ... Portuguese and Spanish versions here Issue Number 94 - May 2005 Index Viewpoint Africa Asia ... Oceania SOUTH AMERICA Brazil: Tupinikim and Guarani peoples restart their struggle against Aracruz Chile: Another Mapuche martyr dies as victim of an attack by a forestry company Colombia: Expansion of the oil palm in a framework of Human Rights violation Paraguay: Congress failed to support the land rights of the Ayoreo ... Uruguay-Argentina: A huge demonstration against pulp mills - Brazil: Tupinikim and Guarani peoples restart their struggle against Aracruz After seven years of coexistence with the Agreement, the Tupinikim and Guarani reached the conclusion that it is not solving their problems, but on the contrary, they have become more economically dependent on Aracruz. It has also contributed to the division of communities and has substantially weakened their culture. Apart from that, communities were waiving their right to the 11.008 hectares of indigenous lands identified and recognized as such. That is why the Tupinikim and Guarani of the seven indigenous villages, gathered in a general meeting held on February 19, 2005, decided to restart the struggle for the 11.008 hectares of indigenous lands not demarcated yet. After the general meeting, the Tupinikim and Guarani sought the support of the lawful agency primarily in charge of the defence of their interests: the Federal Department of Public Prosecution. As a result of the meetings with chiefs and leaders, this department filed on March 31, a public civil investigation in order to determine irregularities in the process of demarcation of Tupinikim and Guarani lands in 1998, with the aim of guaranteeing that all the lands recognized as indigenous lands are effectively demarcated as soon as possible in accordance with the Constitution.

74. I CARE - Crosspoint Anti Racism We believe that indigenous peoples should be able to determine their own futureson their own lands. North south america Carribean http://www.magenta.nl/crosspoint/indg.html

The Crosspoint currently links over 2000 organizations in 114 countries! Search the Crosspoint! powered by FreeFind Indigenous Peoples Resources World CBF-unreached people. Albanians, Balinese, Bedouin, The Bisu, The People of Chechnya, Kazaks, Kurds, Lampungese, Muang and others. Center For World Indigenous Studies CWIS is an independent, non-profit (U.S.)research and education organization dedicated to wider understanding and appreciation of the ideas and knowledge of indigenous peoples and the social, economic and political realities of indigenous nations. Cultural Survival. Founded in 1972, is a recognized leader in educational and communication forums that advocate the rights, voice and vision of indigenous peoples. We believe that indigenous peoples should be able to determine their own futures on their own lands. DMOZ Indigenous People Open Directory Project Indigenous People and other cultures under threat This page is concerned with indigenous peoples around the world and other cultures that are under threat. It contains links off to all the current sites on the Internet which have information on this very important area. IWGIA an independant international organization staffed by specialists and advisers on indigenous affairs. IWGIA supports indigenous peoples' human rights, self -determination, right to territory, control of land and resources, cultural integrity, and the right to development.

75. Postconquest Indigenous Society (from Latin America, History Of) --  Encyclopæ south america s indigenous peoples More than 350 indigenous groups with a populationtotaling over 18 million people inhabit south america. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-60850

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Expand all Collapse all Introduction The background ... The overseas tradition Early Latin America Spanish America The Caribbean phase The city Indians and Spaniards ... Trunk lines changeTocNode('toc60832','img60832'); Postconquest indigenous society The central areas in the mature period The Spanish fringe Brazil ... The independence of Latin America Spanish America The southern movement in South America The north and the culmination of independence Mexico and Central America Brazil ... Economic obstacles Social change Mobility and hierarchy Social institutions Export economies Capitalism and social transitions ... Oligarchies in power Economic and social developments World war and world trade The emerging force of nationalism Population and social change Challenges to the political order ... Good Neighbor Policy and World War II Latin America since the mid-20th century Economic agenda and patterns of growth Developments in social policy The United States and Latin America in the Cold War era Impact of the Cuban Revolution Political alternatives Movement toward democracy The advent of populism Christian Democracy Bureaucratic authoritarianism ... A changing society Additional Reading General works Early Latin America General Spanish America Brazil Independence to 1910 General works Spanish America Brazil Twentieth-century Latin America General works Political developments Economics International relations ... Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495

76. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES DAY: New Universities For A Multicultural Mexico ”The authorities want indigenous people to acquire new scientific knowledge andapply it south america Presence of US Troops Upsets Paraguay s Partners http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=29824

77. AY213 ANTHROPOLOGY 213 HUMAN RIGHTS AND indigenous peoples Areas will includeNorth america , Central america , south america , Asia , Europe , and Oceania . http://www.colby.edu/personal/j/jdanders/AY213.htm

ANTHROPOLOGY 213: HUMAN RIGHTS AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLBY COLLEGE FALL 2004 TR LOVEJOY 203 INSTRUCTOR JEFFREY D. ANDERSON E-MAIL: OFFICE: CONF. HRS PHONE PROFESSIONAL PAGE: jdanders@colby.edu Lovejoy 311 http://www.colby.edu/profile/jdanders/ANTH COURSE DESCRIPTION: Throughout its history, anthropology has been committed to and active in maintaining the rights of indigenous peoples against the destructive global forces of nation-state power, racist ideologies, assimilation, and industrial resource appropriation. To develop an informed, up-to-date, and critical understanding of these issues, the course will offer an overview of the contemporary state of indigenous peoples and then guide students in pursuing on-line research of Internet sites established by indigenous peoples themselves, anthropological groups, international human rights organizations, world news services, national governments, and the United Nations. COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1. The course critically examines the cultural and political meanings of concepts used to talk about human rights, especially considering the universalist versus relativist debate. 2. Equally important, discrimination, prejudice, genocide, coercive assimilation, and other patterns of domination will be placed in their cultural and global contexts of understanding.

78. *Ø*  Wilson's Almanac Free Daily Ezine | Uh ..... Oh ........ ..... Links Alternative Peace New Age Pagan Festivals indigenous peoples. Here are references to our work in Africa, Asia, Melanesia and south america. http://www.wilsonsalmanac.com/links/indigenouspeoples.html

404: Looks like they finally got me ... It looks like this page is either lost or has been confiscated by the FBI – maybe even the CIA! I've been half expecting that to happen with all the Dubya and police-state stuff I've got in this site subtly lurking among the 'cover' of folklore, unusual history, free resources, humor and blah-blah-blah. Why, O why would I not listen to my friends If you're sure you typed in the URL correctly, the following information might help: You can click here to go to the Wilson's Almanac homepage where you can use the easy search engine to search 3,000+ pages. If they haven't confiscated the search engine. If you prefer, you can just sit this one out. And/or check just one more time the URL, just in case it was user error and not our growing police state or my bad housekeeping. Check that you didn't type .htm instead of .html. You might prefer to find some other website that has not yet felt the sting of oppression and ultra-patriotism, where citizens can still act freely. There must be one Yes, please, Pip ... take me to that wonderful place that has not yet felt the sting of oppression and ultra-patriotism, where citizens can still act freely!

79. Science Blog -- OBSERVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AT HEADQUAR indigenous People (19952004), which was established by the general Assembly the Messages have come from many peoples, such as, from North america, http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/2001/B/un011140.html

Press Release OBV/230 PI/1371 OBSERVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL DAY OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AT HEADQUARTERS TODAY The Permanent Forum and the Draft Declaration Two central objectives of the International Decade are: The establishment of a permanent forum for indigenous people, as called for by the 1993 Vienna World Conference on Human Rights, and The adoption of the draft declaration on the rights of indigenous people. The Economic and Social Council, on 28 July 2000, adopted a resolution to establish the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.  This past July, the Council decided that the new Permanent Forum is to meet for the first time from 6 to 17 May 2002 at United Nations Headquarters in New York.  The draft Declaration, which was approved by the Sub-Commission in 1994, is now under consideration by a working group established by the Human Rights Commission.  In addition to restating the basic protections of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights, the draft Declaration would protect specific rights as applicable to indigenous people, such as freedom of religious practices, customs, ceremonies, freedom of access to their property and sacred places; land rights and environment; language and oral traditions; self determination and participation in decision-making; and access to education in their own language.  It would prohibit relocation and imposed assimilation or integration, and it states that treaties between indigenous people and Governments should be honoured and that indigenous people are entitled to restitution for losses imposed on them.

80. The History Of Native America The history in general of the americas The history of Native america as a whole The history of Native americans in south america as a whole http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/41/

The history of Native America Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives World History Archives top page The history in general of the Americas The history of Native America as a whole Native Americans in North America The history of Native Americans in North America as a whole The history of Native Americans in Canada as a whole The history of Native Americans in the United States as a whole The history of Native Americans in the Arctic and Sub-arctic ... The history of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands Native Americans in the Caribbean The history of Native Americans in the Caribbean Native Americans in South America The history of Native Americans in South America as a whole The history of Native Americans in Mexico The history of Native Americans in Central America The history of Native Americans in the Andean region ... The history of Native Americans in Amazonian region

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