41. MSN Encarta - Native Americans Of Middle And South America This article uses the terms Native Americans, indigenous peoples, and native peoples It includes the Yucatán Peninsula; all of Belize, guatemala, http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509044/Native_Americans_of_Middle_and_Sou

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items ancient civilizations – Aztec ancient civilizations – Inca more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Native Americans of Middle and South America Search for books and more related to Native Americans of Middle and South America Encarta Search Search Encarta about Native Americans of Middle and South America Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Native Americans of Middle and South America ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Native Americans of Middle and South America Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 106 items Article Outline Introduction Culture Areas History Native Americans Today I Introduction Print Preview of Section Native Americans of Middle and South America , indigenous peoples of Middle America ( Mexico Central America , and the West Indies ) and South America . Native Americans were the first humans to inhabit these regions, arriving thousands of years before European explorers laid claim to the “New World.”

42. Agreement On Identity And Rights Of Indigenous Peoples The Government of guatemala and the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Recognition ofthe identity of the indigenous peoples is fundamental to the http://www.c-r.org/accord/guat/accord2/identity.shtml

CR home Accord home Projects Accord series ... Search Agreement on identity and rights of indigenous peoples Considering That the question of identity and rights of indigenous peoples is a vital issue of historic importance for the present and future of Guatemala; That the indigenous peoples include the Maya people, the Garifuna people and the Xinca people, and that the Maya people consist of various socio-cultural groups having a common origin; That, because of its history, conquest, colonization, movements and migrations, the Guatemalan nation is multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual in nature; That the parties recognize and respect the identity and political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Maya, Garifuna and Xinca peoples, within the unity of the Guatemalan nation, and subject to the indivisibility of the territory of the Guatemalan State, as components of that unity; That the indigenous peoples have been particularly subject to de facto levels of discrimination, exploitation and injustice, on account of their origin, culture and language and that, like many other sectors of the national community, they have to endure unequal and unjust treatment and conditions on account of their economic and social status; That this historical reality has affected and continues to affect these peoples profoundly, denying them the full exercise of their rights and political participation, and hampering the configuration of a national unity which should adequately reflect the rich and diversified physionomy of Guatemala with its wealth of values;

43. Probe International's Mining Campaign - Indigenous Peoples Solidarity Movement Presented Alcan t India, indigenous peoples Solidarity Movement Social Justice indigenous communities San Marcos, guatemala, struggling against Canadian http://www.probeinternational.org/pi/mining/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=1283

44. Atitlán, Guatemala - Indigenous Peoples' Consultation On The Right To Food Atitlán, guatemala indigenous peoples Consultation on the Right to Food.Submission. Documents. click here to read Full text http://www.fao.org/righttofood/en/23422/23490/highlight_25411en.html

FOR THE ELABORATION OF A SET OF VOLUNTARY GUIDELINES TO SUPPORT THE PROGRESSIVE REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY IGWG Committee on World Food Security print-friendly version Submission Documents Full text comments? please write to the webmaster

45. Americas: Indigenous Peoples - Second-class Citizens In The Lands Of Their Ances In guatemala, indigenous people have stood trial in capital cases in Spanish,which they do not speak. In one case, a nonSpanish speaking indigenous man http://www.amnesty.org.uk/news/press/12732.shtml

This is an Amnesty International news release published on 11th October, 2002 See also: 'disappearances' Abuses by police Impunity Minority groups ... Nicaragua for more information If you are a UK-based journalist and require further information please call the AIUK Press Office on 020 7814 6238 or e-mail press@amnesty.org.uk If you are a journalist based outside the UK, please contact your local AI section If you are not a journalist, but would like to contact AI, please visit our contact pages for further details. Americas: Indigenous peoples - second-class citizens in the lands of their ancestors Ten years ago, on the 500th anniversary of the arrival of the first Europeans in the American continent, the descendants of the continent's indigenous peoples vocally reclaimed their rights and identity. Today, they remain among the most marginalised and poorest communities, discriminated against and often exposed to grave abuses of their fundamental rights, Amnesty International said. The statement came on the eve of the day - known as Columbus Day, Día de la Raza or Native American Day - in which several countries in the Americas celebrate the continent's multicultural heritage. "More than half the countries on the continent recognise the multicultural character of the state and guarantee indigenous rights in their constitutions and legislation. However, this is in stark contrast with the reality faced by the vast majority of indigenous people from Canada, through Central America, down to the very tip of Chile and Argentina, who are often treated as second-class citizens," Amnesty International said.

46. RELIGION-LATIN AMERICA: Indigenous Peoples Divided By Faith Among the 40 million indigenous people who live in Latin America today, In guatemala and Bolivia, which along with Mexico, Ecuador and Peru are the http://www.ipsnews.net/new_nota.asp?idnews=28583

47. Guatemala Section Issues Of Self-Reliance And Public indigenous and displaced people are not enjoying their full political and The exclusion of the indigenous peoples from their role as citizens has been http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/721

www.idpproject.org Guatemala Section : Issues of Self-Reliance and Public Participation Sub-section : Public participation Guatemala menu List of sources Maps Indigenous and displaced people are not enjoying their full political and civil rights (2004) IDPs without documents are not registered in electoral census therefore cannot participate in the elections Government eased access to cultural monuments for the practice of Mayan spirituality Congress passed a law to facilitate the use of indigenous languages in official spheres A legislation against discrimination was passed in 2003 Indigenous people are not permitted to use their indigenous language in courts and interpreters are often untrained or not recruited in sufficient numbers Mayan customary law is not accepted or upheld in legislation and institutions Non-documentation of IDPs contributes to low level of voter participation in rural areas The leaders of the organizations interviewed attach special importance to recognition of and respect for a legal system specific to the indigenous peoples themselves, forming part of the Mayan Weltanschauung Comisionados Militares previous document return to List of topics next document Sources: Inter-American Commission On Human Rights (IACHR) , 2004, Justicia e Inclusión Social: Los Desafíos de la Democracia en Guatemala [Internet] Inter-American Commission On Human Rights (IACHR) , 2004, Annual Report of the IAHCR: Guatemala 2003 [Internet] United Nations Commission on Human Rights (CHR) , 24 February 2003, Indigenous Issues - Human rights and indigenous issues - Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Rodolfo Stavenhagen, submitted in accordance with Commission resolution 2001/57, Addendum, Mission to Guatemala, E/CN.4/2003/90/Add.2

48. Indigenous Peoples, Inter-Cultural Relations And Development indigenous peoples, InterCultural Relations and Development This grant willsupport a workshop to be held in guatemala on intercultural relations in http://web.idrc.ca/es/ev-67582-201_100820-1-IDRC_ADM_INFO.html

Português Français English IDRC.CA ... Centroamérica Explorador Proyectos en Guatemala Evaluation of "Central... Forestry Decentralizat... Building the future fo... ... Peace-Building and Civ... Personas Nadine E Robitaille Identificación: Creado: Modificado: Novedades Indigenous Peoples, Inter-Cultural Relations and Development Toda la información Datos generales Detalle Notas ... Financiamiento Project number: Program: REG-RAF/FAR Project Status: ADMIN CLOSED Project Type: Research Support Project Responsible Officer: Federico Burone Region under study: LAC Region Duration months: Extension months: Canadian Collaboration: NO Project Admin Unit: LACRO / BRALA Project commencement date: Project planned completion date: Project actual completion date: Project total amount: Total Internal Funding: Total External Funding: Region Guatemala - LACRO/BRALA Collaborating officers Andrés Rius Duration months: Project total amount: Recipient Institution(s) United Nations Development Programme/Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement/Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Edited Abstract English This grant will support a workshop to be held in Guatemala on intercultural relations in countries with a significant indigenous population. This is a key issue in the Guatemalan peace process and there are lessons to be shared from experiences in Guatemala, Canada and other Latin American countries. The Guatemalan office of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) has expressed interest in co-organizing the event. The workshop will provide an opportunity for different organizations to share their experiences and concerns, as well as inputs for IDRC programming in the region.

49. PPJC: 5/5/05 - Free Trade And Resistance In Guatemala The rights of indigenous peoples in guatemala have been trampled on for hundredsof years. Now they are being told their land has been parceled out to http://peaceandjustice.org/article.php?story=20050506093616901&mode=print0

50. Guatemala:unesco:humanrights:indigenous Human Rights and indigenous peoples in guatemala (19972000). Background.With more than 11 million inhabitants, guatemala is the most highly populated http://www.unesco.org/danida/guatemal.htm

Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala (1997-2000) Background With more than 11 million inhabitants, Guatemala is the most highly populated country in Central America. Situated in the heart of the Maya world more than 50% of the population is indigenous. After 36 years of armed conflict, a process of national reconciliation was initiated in 1990-91 and in December 1996 the Final Peace Agreement was signed. The Peace Agreements call for the implementation of human rights and the rights of indigenous peoples, strengthening of civil society as well as reform of the educational system among others, thus supporting the democratization process of Guatemala. In March 1997 the UNESCO/DANIDA Project on Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala was initiated with a view to strengthen the participation of indigenous peoples in the transition from a state of civil war to representative democracy. Summary Launched in March 1997, this project aims at contributing to the implementation of the Peace Agreements by creating human rights awareness and strengthening the capacity of local indigenous leaders in their work. It focuses on local human resources as a means of supporting the current democratization process and it provides participants with tools to facilitate dialogue and to reinforce participation specifically at a local level. This project on

51. Sextosol Center : Motozintla, Chiapas, Mexico This includes our efforts to further the interests of indigenous peoples. The people of guatemala are still reeling from 36 years of US sponsored, http://www.sextosol.org/indigenouspeoples.shtml

Home Our Approach Commitments Eco Concerns ... Image Gallery Please type in your email address and click "Submit" to subscribe to our email newsletter. We will not sell or redistribute your address. Indigenous Peoples, First Nations In this section we provide information on developments in the effort of First Nations around the world to regain their status as nations and progress toward creating right relations among the world's peoples. This includes our efforts to further the interests of Indigenous Peoples. The Sexto Sol Center was formed because of a commitment to assist refugees from Guatemala living in Chiapas. We are proud that our friends have now repatriated and are rebuilding their communities in the land of eternal spring. Our thanks to the NGO_ip_undecade@yahoo.com for the following information on the UN Working Group. The UN Working Group on Indigenous Peoples held its 23rd session on 18-22 July 2005 in Geneva, focusing its discussions on "Indigenous peoples and the international and domestic protection of traditional knowledge". Various papers and reports are available: http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/indigenous/groups/groups-01.htm

52. Report From Alvaro Cendeno - Strategimidler 2003 guatemalaThe peace process and its relationship to indigenous peoples indigenous peoples in guatemala make up a very high percentage of the http://www.sami.uit.no/oza/rapport/alvaro_cedeno.html

- NB! Senter for samiske studier har flyttet! Ny besøksadresse: 2. etasje, Hus 2, Teorifagbygget Universitetet i Tromsø Jus Realfag Medisin Marine fag ... Gammen STRATEGIMIDLER 2003 Project 200300843-19 Financial support to the project "Guatemala:The peace process and its relationship to indigenous peoples" we have decided to write our thesis on Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala. More specifically, what we have decided to research is the perceptions of civil society organizations in Guatemala about the role of MINUGUA (United Nations mission of verification of Human Rights for Guatemala) regarding Indigenous Peoples specifically. The Saami Center has provided us with funding to do the field work in Guatemala, which took place between June and September, 2003. The experience has been a very fulfilling process of coming closer to a nation that has been trying to rebuild itself after 36 years of Civil War. During this conflict, Indigenous Peoples have suffered very much from direct and structural violence. Tens of thousands died, and even more were displaced from their lands and even from their country, forced to cross the border with Mexico in search of better living conditions. Indigenous Peoples in Guatemala make up a very high percentage of the population. There are claims as high as 70%, and as low as 30%, which means that there are between 3 and 7 million Indigenous Peoples in this Central American country. The number depends basically on who provides them, and how Indigenous Peoples are counted. Besides, there are more than 20 different ethnic groups among them, which provides a very wide variety of cultural diversity in a country.

53. Canadian Dimension Indigenous Peoples Declaration Against United The representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Americas strongly request guatemala Abya Yala Nexus USA Bachillerato Integral Comunitario Ayujk http://www.canadiandimension.mb.ca/extra/d0408ip.htm

54. Education In The International Decade Of Indigenous Peoples: Bringing Education In guatemala the majority of indigenous People have no formal education only In guatemala, the Agreement on Identity and Rights of indigenous peoples http://www.wcc-coe.org/wcc/what/jpc/echoes-16-02.html

The Earth as Mother Education in the International Decade of Indigenous Peoples: Bringing education back into the mainstream of Indigenous Peoples' lives By Raymundo Rovillos They wanted us to go to school And to turn the pages of books... Why learn the language of books When the forest speaks to you? One cannot eat books, And pens and pencils are poor weapons To kill the deer of the mountains And the grunting boar... This poem aptly illustrates one of the issues raised by Indigenous Peoples against the system of education that was imposed on them by colonial and neo-colonial powers. It is a biting indictment of an educational system that is perceived as unsuitable to their needs. Indeed, Indigenous Peoples in many parts of the world identify education as a crucial factor in the historical process of their marginalization. The process started at the onset of western colonization and was carried over by nation-states after decolonization. A Handmaiden of Assimilation In their attempt to consolidate colonial power, and later, nation-states, the ruling elite imposed a policy of assimilation nay westernization. This policy was implemented by missionaries and schools that they set up in Indigenous communities. This resulted in the virtual obliteration of most of the Indigenous Peoples’ way of life their cultural practices, traditions, arts, languages. Some elements of their culture, those that were deemed acceptable to the "moral" (i.e., western, Christian and patriarchal) standards of the colonizers and ruling elite, were integrated into the dominant national culture.

55. Indigenous Cine And Video Festivals In Guatemala And Mexico Video of indigenous peoples took place in Quetaltenango, guatemala, last August . There was a round table on indigenous peoples, Communications and http://www.laneta.apc.org/telemanita/bull11_art4.html

HISTORIA LOGROS VIDEO-RED MUJER ... inicio BULLETIN NO. 11 Indigenous Cine and Video Festivals in Guatemala and Mexico Women present in the festival included Magaly Meneses, Chilean filmmaker who is currently Academic Director of the International School of Communications and Television in Cuba, Carol Kalafatic, of the Film and Video Center of the National Museum of the American Indian in the US, and Mary Ellen Davis, of the Festival Terres en Vue, Canada. If you want to know more about this indigenous film and video festival, you can write to Maria Luisa Quezada or Ivan Sanjines en Bolivia: comaru@ceibo.entelnet.bo

56. Oxfam - Guatemala: Programme Overview guatemala is a country with a strong indigenous culture and powerful identity . Peten Belize Development and Peace Among peoples http://www.oxfam.org.uk/what_we_do/where_we_work/guatemala/programme.htm

choose_stylesheet("/stylesheets/css_whatwedo") Other sites Oxfam International Generation Why Big Noise Music Control Arms Cool Planet for teachers Make Trade Fair Oxfam Publishing Oxfam Unwrapped UK Poverty Programme what we do Emergencies Where we work Guatemala Programme overview ... Fair Trade Guatemala: programme overview Guatemala is a country with a strong indigenous culture and powerful identity. In 1996 the country emerged from a 36-year-long civil war in which more than 200,000 people were killed or disappeared. Guatemalans live in one of the most unequal societies in the region, with about 75% of the population below the poverty line, living predominantly in rural areas in indigenous communities. In 2001 the World Bank estimated that two-thirds of Guatemalan children were living in poverty. Problems: Illiteracy, infant mortality and malnutrition are among the highest in the region, life expectancy is among the lowest and the country is one of the most violent in Latin America. Corruption is a major problem which has dampened investor confidence, among other serious problems. Oxfam's work in Guatemala Oxfam has been working in Guatemala since the late seventies. We work mostly through partner organisations and have engaged in both humanitarian aid programmes (eg. after Hurricane Mitch in 1998) and in development work.

57. DOCUMENT 82-11964.TXT UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL Distr Statement submitted by the World Council of indigenous peoples. the situationinvolving Indian peoples of guatemala requires the most urgent attention. http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/International/82-11964.txt

usaoffice@cwis.org OCR Software provided by Caere Corporation

58. Science Blog -- DEBATING ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF WORLD’S INDIGENO The World Bank s indigenous peoples Programme recognized the complexity of LUIS CARRANZA (guatemala) said his Government had been working actively to http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/archives/L/2000/B/un001704.html

17 October 2000 GA/SHC/3595 DEBATING ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF WORLD’S INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, THIRD COMMITTEE HEARS CALLS FOR SHARPER DEFINITION OF ‘INDIGENOUS’ Distinction between Indigenous And Other Minorities Should Not Be Blurred, Says China The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues should come up with a precise definition of indigenous peoples in order to keep their concerns separate from those of minorities, the representative of China told the Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) this morning as it concluded its debate on the programme of activities of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1994-2004). Obscuring the concept of indigenous people, or blurring the distinction between them and other minorities, would gravely undermine the international community’s efforts to protect their rights, she added. It would also endanger the vital interests of genuine indigenous populations. The Forum should pay special attention to the historical backgrounds of indigenous people and to the unique qualities of their populations to ensure they remained intact. The indigenous people themselves should determine the name of the forum, the representative of Venezuela said, adding that the term "indigenous" in his country was a cultural rather than a racial designation. It simply referred to older cultures, those who had lived there before the Europeans arrived.

59. NativeWeb Home Agreement on Identity and Rights of indigenous peoples, Maya CHUJ WALIJO QINFORMACION MENSUAL DE LA DEFENSORIA MAYA No.l guatemala, FEBRERO l997 AÑO I. http://www.nativeweb.org/resources.php?name=Maya&type=1&nation=212

60. GLOBAL VISION : INTERVIEWS : RIGOBERTA MENCHU TUM indigenous peoples have always depended on their traditional wisdom and In the end, the people of guatemala are paying a very high price for all of this http://www.global-vision.org/interview/menchu.html

NOBEL PEACE LAUREATE RIGOBERTA MENCHU TUM A PLEA FOR GLOBAL EDUCATION Transcript of the Global Vision video interview produced, directed (and translated from the original Spanish) by Michael O'Callaghan BACKGROUND After fleeing the violence of her native country, she became an eloquent defender of indigenous peoples and other victims of government oppression around the world. She left Guatemala after her father, her mother and a brother were killed by its Government soldiers. Her 16-year-old brother Petrocinio was kidnapped, tortured and burned alive in 1979. When her mother demanded an explanation, Government soldiers abducted her mother, raped her repeatedly, cut off her ears, tortured and mutilated her, and left her to be consumed by maggots, vultures, and dogs. Her father was killed when the Spanish Embassy in Guatemala City, in which he and other leaders of the country's main peasant opposition group had protested human rights violations, was set on fire. Global Vision Director Michael O'Callaghan for the Sustainability THE INTERVIEW WHAT IS YOUR MESSAGE TO HUMANKIND?

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