41. International Decades On Indigenous Peoples UN International Decade of the World s indigenous peoples World s indigenousPeople was proclaimed by the UN general Assembly in its resolution 48/163 http://www.iwgia.org/sw8961.asp

The Commission on Human Rights The UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues The Working Group on Indigenous Populations The Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ... The Organisation of American States International Decades on Indigenous Peoples UN International Decade of the World's Indigenous Peoples 1st International Decade (1995-2004): The First International Decade of the World's Indigenous People was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in its resolution 48/163 of 21 December 1993. With this resolution, the General Assembly committed itself to seeking improvements in the situation of the more than 300 million indigenous people worldwide between 1995 and 2004. In 1995, the General Assembly adopted an ambitious programme of activities for the Decade and identified a number of specific objectives including: Achievements: During the first Decade, indigenous peoples have to an admirable extent managed to get indigenous issues on the agenda in a number of international settings, not least the UN and affiliated institutions. The first Decade was used by indigenous peoples to document and provide information about violations of their human rights and to develop skills in standard-setting and promotion of human rights. On this basis, indigenous peoples now have the means to look forward and use their experiences to protect their rights in national and regional contexts. Within the UN and related institutions, indigenous peoples have been able to create a platform from which they have had a significant impact on UN rules and procedures.

42. In Message To Indigenous Forum, Deputy Secretary-General Stresses Need For Concr In Message to indigenous Forum, Deputy Secretarygeneral Stresses Need for In the last 10 years, the relationship between indigenous peoples and the http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/dsgsm256.html

Home Site Map Contact Us UN Links UN Homepage UNOV Homepage UN News Centre UN Website Locator UN Webcast Latest press releases Advanced Search The United Nations in Vienna Press Releases Issued in Vienna ... Frequently Asked Questions DSG/SM/256 HR/4838 17 May 2005 In Message to Indigenous Forum, Deputy Secretary-General Stresses Need for Concrete Plan to Improve Living Standard, Respect for Human Rights NEW YORK, 16 May (UN Headquarters) Following is the text of remarks, as delivered today by Deputy Secretary-General Louise Fr©chette to the opening of the fourth session of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: It is a pleasure to join you for the fourth session of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. Let me offer a special welcome to the many indigenous women and men who have joined us from all parts of the world. As you know, last year the General Assembly proclaimed the Second International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People. This session of the Forum is an opportunity to reflect on the achievements of the first decade, and to equip ourselves for the challenges ahead. In the last 10 years, the relationship between indigenous peoples and the United Nations has come a long way. This Forum itself, a new United Nations body of high calibre and with a broad mandate, is drawing welcome attention to neglected issues and is playing a catalytic role in forging partnerships between indigenous peoples, Governments and the UN system. The appointment of a Special Rapporteur for the human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people has strengthened the protection mechanisms available to indigenous peoples. And inter-agency cooperation has improved, with the UN Development Group and Inter-Agency Support Group on Indigenous Issues taking important steps to better integrate indigenous concerns and issues into our activities and policy-making.

43. Secretary-General’s Message On International Day Of World’s Indigenous Peoples SECRETARYgeneral S MESSAGE ON INTERNATIONAL DAY OF WORLD S indigenous peoples,9 AUGUST On this International Day of the World’s indigenous peoples, http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2001/sgsm7908.html

Home Site Map Contact Us UN Links UN Homepage UNOV Homepage UN News Centre UN Website Locator UN Webcast Latest press releases Advanced Search Deutsch The United Nations in Vienna Press Releases ... Frequently Asked Questions SG/SM/7908 OBV/227 7 August 2001 SECRETARY-GENERAL'S MESSAGE ON INTERNATIONAL DAY OF WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, 9 AUGUST This Forum, created by the Economic and Social Council last year, is a pioneering initiative aimed at giving indigenous peoples the chance to bring their concerns to the attention of the whole world. By the end of this year, 16 independent experts, half of them nominated by indigenous peoples, will have been elected. We look forward to this event as a further development in the continued relationship between the United Nations and indigenous peoples. This year has also seen the landmark decision by the Commission on Human Rights to establish a Special Rapporteur on the human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples. The Special Rapporteur will provide an important mechanism for monitoring the human rights situation of indigenous peoples, and play an active role in bringing them together with governments to look for reconciliation and justice. Indigenous affairs will be high on the agenda of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, taking place in September. Indigenous peoples will be an important voice amongst those combating the scourge of racism and discrimination. The results of the Conference must lead to real solutions to the problems they face.

44. International Day Of The World’s Indigenous People IFAD has worked with indigenous peoples since it was created, repeatedly bythe UN Special Rapporteur on indigenous peoples and the Secretarygeneral. http://www.ifad.org/media/events/2004/ip.htm

Home about ifad operations Evaluation ... Special events document.write(document.title) This year August 9 marks the close of a decade dedicated to the world's indigenous peoples. The decade was a call to action for governments and all members of the international development community to work in partnership with indigenous peoples on key issues including human rights, rights to land and resources, the environment, development, education and health. The close of the decade in no way signifies an end to this partnership. "In many ways, our work and partnership with indigenous peoples has just begun," said Vanda Altarelli, IFAD's adviser on indigenous peoples. "Now that we've gotten to know each other and seem to be on the right track, it's important to keep up the momentum." The United Nations is favourably considering a request by indigenous peoples for the declaration of a second decade. There are about 300 million indigenous men, women and children worldwide. They are extremely diverse - more than 5,000 different groups of indigenous peoples live in more than 70 countries. They make up one third of the world's 900 million extremely poor rural people. In many countries, indigenous peoples are the most severely disadvantaged. They are often forced to live on the least productive terrain, denied rights to land, forests and other natural resources that they have managed sustainably for millennia, and marginalized by modern society. Yet, their value systems, spirituality, capabilities and cultures have huge untapped potential for sustainable development. They play a crucial role in the stewardship of natural resources and biodiversity and provide environmental services at local, regional and international levels. Indigenous peoples have rich, varied and locally rooted knowledge systems and their immense cultural diversity is extremely valuable in a world threatened by the homogenizing trend of globalization.

45. XXXIV Regular Session Of The OAS General Assembly AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF indigenous peoples on Human Rights andits Special Rapporteur on indigenous peoples, and the general Secretariat http://www.oas.org/XXXIVGA/english/docs_approved/agres2029_04.asp

Email this page Français Português AG/RES. 2029 (XXXIV-O/04) AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (Adopted at the fourth plenary session held on June 8, 2004) THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, RECALLING its resolutions AG/RES. 1022 (XIX-O/89), AG/RES. 1479 (XXVII-O/97), AG/RES. 1549 (XXVIII-O/98), AG/RES. 1610 (XXIX-O/99), AG/RES. 1708 (XXX-O/00), AG/RES. 1780 (XXXI-O/01), AG/RES. 1851 (XXXII-O/02), and AG/RES. 1919 (XXXIII-O/03); BEARING IN MIND that, since resolution AG/RES. 1022 (XIX-O/89) of 1989, the General Assembly has requested the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights “to prepare a juridical instrument relative to the rights of the Indian peoples” and that, through resolution AG/RES. 1610 (XXIX-O/99), the General Assembly established a Working Group of the Permanent Council to consider the “Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples” presented by the IACHR (CP/doc.2878/97 corr.1); CONSIDERING the commitments undertaken by the Heads of State and Government in the Declaration and Plan of Action of the Third Summit of the Americas, held in Quebec City, and renewed in the Declaration of Nuevo León, at the Special Summit of the Americas, in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, in January 2004, when they supported an early and successful conclusion of negotiations on the Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples; ACKNOWLEDGING the important contributions received by the Specific Fund to Support the Preparation of the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the efficient work of the Selection Board in choosing representatives of the indigenous peoples to receive financing from the Specific Fund;

46. Indigenous Nations Studies Bibliography / University Of Kansas Libraries / KU / indigenous peoples • New Titles indigenous peoples general • Legal Status,New Titles indigenous peoples legal status • Politics, New Titles http://www.lib.ku.edu/~public/IndigenousNations/

Printer Friendly Libraries A-Z A B C D ... KU Home Search libraries web Search popular databases Find a book Library Home INDIGENOUS NATIONS STUDIES Research Bibliography Works on the aboriginal inhabitants either of colonial areas or of modern states where the aboriginal peoples are not in control of the government. image source This web page is designed for faculty and students who are researching in the area of Indigenous Nations Studies. Please suggest new titles for us to consider adding to the libraries' growing collection. New Title S uggestions WEBSITES Organizations and Collections / Indigenous Peoples Law / Language / News KU Center for Indigenous Nations Studies BOOKS Online Catalog search for books by title, author, keyword or subject. BOOK LISTS: Thesis (M.A.) KU, Indigenous Nations Studies Electronic Books Indigenous peoples New Titles Indigenous peoples general Legal Status, New Titles

47. UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan: Indigenous Peoples, Peru Statement delivered by Secretarygeneral Kofi Annan on indigenous peoples inMachu Picchu, Peru, November 12, 2003. http://www.danielnpaul.com/Secretary-General-KofiAnnan-IndigenousPeoples.html

Home UN SECRETARY-GENERAL HAILS CONTRIBUTIONS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO HUMAN CIVILIZATION - MACHU PICCHU, PERU Statement delivered by Secretary-General Kofi Annan on indigenous peoples in Machu Picchu, Peru, on November 12, 2003: I would like to thank you (President Toledo) and Eliane for bringing Nane and me here. You have every reason to take pride in your heritage. When I look around me, and I see the construction here, I often wonder what we are going to leave to future generations, when I see the kind of architecture and buildings that we are putting up in many parts of the world. And, it's not just here. The ancient cultures did things that we couldn't imagine, and probably would find very difficult to do today. So, for you to plead with us to treasure this valuable cultural heritage and to share it with the rest of the world is something that we should all listen to. Here, amidst the peaks of the Andes in Peru, the enormous contributions of indigenous peoples to human civilization are everywhere on display from the sacred ruins of the Inca empire to the crops that grow on the mountainsides. In the jungles of the Amazon too, indigenous communities have lived for millennia in harmony with the rainforest, and they continue to do so today. And, throughout Latin America, one sees the extraordinary diversity of indigenous cultures and the potential contribution their knowledge and values can make to poverty eradication, sustainable agriculture, and indeed to our concept of life. From here in Peru to the Philippines, and from the deserts of Australia to the ice-covered lands of the Arctic circle, indigenous peoples have much to teach our world.

48. Russian Federation Assoc Of Indigenous Peoples Of The North DISCRIMINATION AGAINST indigenous PEOPLE OF THE NORTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION general Secretary, of the Association of indigenous peoples of the North http://arcticcircle.uconn.edu/SEEJ/russia_indig.html

DISCRIMINATION AGAINST INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF THE NORTH IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION A Statement by Social Organizations and Movements of Indigenous People of the North [Socioeconomic conditions among indigenous people of the north have declined dramatically in recent years. In addition to long standing issues, there are new problems associated with high levels of unemployment, deteriorating living conditions, increased sickness and limited educational opportunities. These issues have long been discussed among indigenous peoples and many now believe that the only way to resolve these troubling issues is through direct negotiation with the Russian Government. The following document has been signed by indigenous social organizations and movements listed at the conclusion of the presentation with a request by V.B. Shustov, General Secretary, of the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East, that it be distributed widely. We, the directors and leaders of various social and public interest groups representing indigenous peoples of the north in the Russian Federation, in connection with the acceptance of the Russian Federation as a member of the European Council and with the adoption of the Charter of the European Council and General Agreement on Privileges and Immunities of the European Council and its protocols

49. MRF > Development > Indigenous People Mining and indigenous peoples; The UN and indigenous peoples; general Resourceson indigenous peoples general Resources on indigenous peoples http://www.natural-resources.org/minerals/development/indigp/indigp.htm

MRF Development DEVELOPMENT Home News Events Documents ... Related Links SEE ALSO Small Scale Mining Law and Policy Education Indigenous People The following section provides a list of online resources related to Indigenous People, as well as examples of conflicts that have involved Indigenous Peoples. Mining and Indigenous Peoples The UN and Indigenous Peoples General Resources on Indigenous Peoples Mining and Indigenous Peoples International Council on Metals and Minerals (ICMM) The ICMM (formerly the International Council of Metals and the Environment - ICME) have produced several publications relating to indigenous people that are available for download from the publications section of their website. Mining and Indigenous Peoples: Case Studies Mining and Indigenous Peoples: The Red Dog Story - R. McLean and W. Hensley Performance Indicators Relating to the Social, Environmental and Economic Effects of Mining on Indigenous Peoples - Ally Bedford and Alyson Warhurst

50. Amazonia And Siberia--Legal Aspects Of The Preservation Of The Environment And D In general, and in the special case of indigenous peoples, the following statementabout international law is correct,,The progressive development of http://www.ciesin.org/docs/010-283/010-283.html

Reproduced, with permission, from: Heintze, H-J. 1993. The protection of indigenous peoples under the ILO convention. In Amazonia and Siberia: Legal aspects of the preservation of the environment and development in the last open spaces , ed. M. Bothe, T. Kurzidem, and C. Schmidt, 310-27. London: Graham and Trotman. International Environmental Law and Policy Series Amazonia and Siberia Legal Aspects of the Preservation of the Environment and Development in the Last Open Spaces Edited by Michael Bothe Thomas Kurzidem Christian Schmidt The Protection of Indigenous Peoples under the ILO Convention Hans-Joachim Heintze 1. Introduction It has never been realized by the public as it has been case with the UN or the UNESCO, that the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has, since 1919, assigned an important place to human rights in its fields of competence. The organization has been,,a principal inspiration of the universal and regional texts relating economic and social rights, and to certain civil rights-indig.htmland political rights." This is especially true in connection with the protection of indigenous peoples. The ILO became active in this field long before the United Nations. There is no mention of this problem in any of the basic UN instruments relating to human rights. In general, and in the special case of indigenous peoples, the following statement about international law is correct:,,The progressive development of international law is a continuing process, and there remain a number of areas in which agreement on more detailed legal regimes is still needed. In some cases this is because international opinion is only just becoming seriously interested in particular problems."

51. THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY An analysis of international case law reveals that indigenous peoples have been to indigenous peoples in general and Canadian Indians, in particular. http://www.ciesin.org/docs/010-284/010-284annot.html

Reproduced, with permission, from: Roy, B. K., and D. K. Miller. 1985. The rights of indigenous peoples in international law: An annotated bibliography. Saskatchewan: University of Saskatchewan Native Law Centre. ANNOTATIONS Alfredsson, Gudmundur. "International Law, International Organizations and Indigenous Peoples." (1982), 36 Journal of International Affairs The author analyzes the remedies and avenues for redress available in international law and organizations for human rights violations against indigenous peoples. He also examines specific provisions in the Charter of the United Nations relating to the domestic jurisdiction rule and argues that most states could not successfully invoke this rule because, as parties to international agreements, they have consented to the competence of others to discuss state performance in areas covered by the agreements. The author also examines the principle of the right to self-determination and puts forth five possible meanings and potential beneficiaries. He concludes that most indigenous peoples are excluded from the exercise of external self-determination partly because of the territorial and sovereignty arguments advanced by metropolitan states. He asserts, however, that this does not mean that internal self-determination does not apply. American Indian Law Centre. "Special Issue." (1974), 7

52. International Day Of The World's Indigenous Peoples a new approach to the issue of indigenous peoples, the United Nation general The generally accepted descriptions on indigenous peoples may give you http://www.acpp.org/sevents/0809.html

Special Events INTERNATIONAL DAY OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLE 9 August Who are the Indigenous Peoples? How Indigenous Peoples Became A Disadvantaged Group? Links to UN Sites Links to NGOs Sites The United Nation General Assembly on 23 December 1994 designated 9 August to be observed as the " International Day of the World's Indigenous People " every year during the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People ( Resolution 49/214 ). The date marks the day of the first meeting in 1982 of the Working Group of Indigenous Populations of the Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities of the Commission on Human Rights. First observed in 1995, its commemoration offers the world community an opportunity to reiterate the principles of respect for human rights enshrined in the Charter and to find solutions to alleviate the plight of indigenous people. 1993 - The Year Seeking New Partnership Recognising the need for a new approach to the issue of indigenous peoples, the United Nation General Assembly on 18 December 1990 proclaimed 1993 the

53. National Profile : Indigenous Peoples Of Mexico National Profile of Maya and indigenous peoples Of Mexico. general Overviewof the indigenous Populations of Mexico. 1. The discovery of the Americas in http://www.travelyucatan.com/maya/mayan_national_profile.php

Indigenous Peoples Of Mexico Indigenous Peoples Introduction Locations History Identity ... Conclusion FEATURES Mayan Ruins Modern Maya Story of Color Maya Fashions Once upon a time there was a little newsboy who was very, very poor and he only sold old newspapers because he didn't have enough money for new ones. People didn't by his newspapers because they were all so out of date, and they wanted new newspapers. So the little newsboy never sold any, and every day he accumulated more and more old newspapers. What the little newsboy did was put up a paper recycling plant, and he became a millionaire, bought out all the newspaper businesses and the news agencies, prohibited publishing current news, and thus obliged people to read only news of the past. In the papers on sale today, for example, you'd read that the Zapatistas are about to arrive in Mexico City and that they'll meet with the Villistas there. You can't quite make out the date, but it seems to either 1914 or 1997. Once upon a time, there was a little seamstress who sewed mightily on his sewing machine. The other machines in his neighborhood laughed at him, and shouted: "Fairy! Only old women are streamstresses!" So the little seamstress sewed shut the mouths of everyone who made fun of him. That is why, to this day, we do not know how the story ended, because no one could tell it. NATIONAL PROFILE INTRODUCTION General Overview of the Indigenous Populations of Mexico 1. The discovery of the Americas in the sixteenth century revealed to the European invaders two great civilizations: the Inca in the Southern Hemisphere, and the Mesoamerican in the Northern Hemisphere. The latter was characterized, until colonization began, by all the elements commonly associated with "advanced civilizations." These included a great concentration of sedentary populations; sophisticated political organization of hierarchical states; intensive agriculture; monumental constructions including temples, and civil structures; a great tradition of sculpture and pictorial art; hieroglyphic writing; the use of sophisticated calendars, and; mathematical computation. It also included a variety of social classes, centralized religious systems with priestly castes.

54. Indigenous Declaration This Declaration applies to indigenous peoples as well as peoples whose social, The states shall include in their general educational systems, http://www.cidh.org/indigenous.htm

Español PROPOSED AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (Approved by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on February 26, 1997, at its 1333rd session, 95th regular session) PREAMBLE 1. Indigenous institutions and the strengthening of nations The member states of the OAS (hereafter the states), Recalling that the indigenous peoples of the Americas constitute an organized, distinctive and integral segment of their population and are entitled to be part of the national identities of the countries of the Americas, and have a special role to play in strengthening the institutions of the state and in establishing national unity based on democratic principles; and, Further recalling that some of the democratic institutions and concepts embodied in the constitutions of American states originate from institutions of the indigenous peoples, and that in many instances their present participatory systems for decision-making and for authority contribute to improving democracies in the Americas. Recalling the need to develop their national juridical systems to consolidate the pluricultural nature of our societies.

55. Discrimination Against Indigenous People Of The North In The A Statement by Social Organizations and Movements of indigenous People of the general Secretary, of the Association of indigenous peoples of the North, http://www.globalpolicy.org/nations/sovereign/sover/emerg/2003/0806russia.htm

about GPF What's New Newsletter Sitemap ... *Opinion Forum Discrimination against Indigenous People of the North in the Russian Federation A Statement by Social Organizations and Movements of Indigenous People of the North Arctic Circle March 4, 1996 Socioeconomic conditions among indigenous people of the north have declined dramatically in recent years. In addition to long standing issues, there are new problems associated with high levels of unemployment, deteriorating living conditions, increased sickness and limited educational opportunities.These issues have long been discussed among indigenous peoples and many now believe that the only way to resolve these troubling issues is through direct negotiation with the Russian Government. The following document has been signed by indigenous social organizations and movements listed at the conclusion of the presentation with a request by V.B. Shustov, General Secretary, of the Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East, that it be distributed widely. We, the directors and leaders of various social and public interest groups representing indigenous peoples of the north in the Russian Federation

56. The International Decade Of The World's Indigenous People - Indian And Northern Over thousands of years, the world s indigenous peoples have developed their In December 1994, the UN general Assembly representing 185 member states http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/pr/info/info123_e.html

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... Development The International Decade of the World's Indigenous People November 1998 Over the past 20 years, Indigenous peoples around the world have organized themselves to make international bodies like the United Nations (UN) aware of their situation. As a result of their years of work, there is now a growing understanding in the international community of Indigenous peoples' values, traditional knowledge, special relationship to the Earth, and the vital importance of their ongoing contribution in the world. The situation of Indigenous peoples There are an estimated 300 million Indigenous people living in over 70 countries around the world. The word "Indigenous" means that they are the descendants of the original inhabitants of particular regions or territories. Over thousands of years, the world's Indigenous peoples have developed their own distinct cultures, religions and economic and social organizations. These cultures are as unique and various as the Aborigines in Australia, Inuit in the Canadian Arctic, the Masai in Kenya, the Anka Hill Tribe in Thailand, or the Mapuche in Chile. In nearly all the world's societies, Indigenous peoples often suffer from discrimination and are among the poorest of the poor. Their physical health is also at risk. According to the World Health Organization, Indigenous peoples have higher rates of infant mortality, lower life expectancy and more chronic illness than the non-Indigenous populations in their countries.

57. IFSW Policy Statements: International Policy On Indigenous People indigenous People. (Approved at the IFSW general Meeting, Adelaide, Australia2004 as interim document). BACKGROUND. indigenous peoples and Human Rights http://www.ifsw.org/Publications/4.5.14.pub.html

International Policy Statement on Indigenous People (Approved at the IFSW General Meeting, Adelaide, Australia 2004 as interim document) BACKGROUND Indigenous Peoples and Human Rights According to the United Nations (UN), there are at least 5,000 indigenous groups composed of 300 million people living in more than 70 countries on five continents. Their economic, social, religious, and cultural life is very dependent on the traditional environment in which they live. As a policy the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) supports the principles of the Draft UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 1994. Indigenous people are frequently not members of the dominant, majority groups. They may be hidden or invisible in many large cities around the world. Although some indigenous groups may consider themselves "nations", they have no status as States and often have no voice through their governments. In many parts of the world, the cultures and languages of indigenous peoples are disappearing Indigenous Peoples and Social Work Principles . These principles have important application to indigenous peoples as they are frequently an oppressed, disenfranchised population.

58. Draft Declaration On The Rights Of Indigenous Peoples Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal in dignity and rights to all other There was a general response by Michael Dennis to the effect that while http://www.usask.ca/nativelaw/ddir.html

Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Forty-fifth session Discrimination against indigenous peoples Report of the working group on indigenous populations on its eleventh session Chairperson: Ms Erica-Irene A Daes ANNEX I Draft declaration as agreed upon by the members of the working group at its eleventh session Affirming that indigenous peoples are equal in dignity and rights to all other peoples, while recognizing the rights of all peoples to be different, to consider themselves different, and to be respected as such, Affirming also that all peoples contribute to the diversity and richness of all civilizations and cultures, which constitute a common heritage of humankind, Affirming further that all doctrines, polices and practices based on or advocating superiority of peoples or individuals on the basis of national origin, racial, religious, ethnic or cultural differences are racist, scientifically false, legally invalid, morally condemnable and socially unjust, Reaffirming also that indigenous peoples, in the exercise of their rights, should be free from discrimination of any kind

59. Australian Parliamentary Library - Research Note 51 1996-97 Reserved Seats in Parliament for indigenous peoplesthe Maori Example specifically includes the indigenous people in the general parliamentary process. http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rn/1996-97/97rn51.htm

Research Note 51 1996-97 Reserved Seats in Parliament for Indigenous Peoples-the Maori Example Georgina McGill Politics and Public Administration Group June 1997 Introduction Constitutional reform and reconciliation between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians are two continuing and important items on the policy agenda. They converge on the issue of reserved indigenous seats in Parliament. In its 1995 Social Justice submission the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation recommended that any constitutional consultation process explore the possibility of separate indigenous seats in both Houses of the Commonwealth Parliament.(1) In April 1997 the NSW Parliament Standing Committee on Social Issues called for public submissions on Aboriginal representation in the NSW Parliament.(2) Aboriginal people have sought dedicated representation since at least 1938, when a petition was presented to Prime Minister Lyons demanding representation in the national Parliament.(3) A number of countries have a form of indigenous representation. In Norway, for example, the Sami have their own Assembly and in the state of Maine in the United States, two Indian tribes have seats in the state legislature but without voting rights. However, only New Zealand has a system which specifically includes the indigenous people in the general parliamentary process.

60. UNDP - United Nations Development Programme History of indigenous peoples and the United Nations System Mark MallochBrown joined Deputy Secretarygeneral Louise Frechette and ECOSOC President http://www.undp.org/cso/ip/ip_un.html

History of Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations System UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues The Working Group on Indigenous Populations The Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ... The International Decade of the World's Indigenous People (1995-2004) Indigenous Peoples Background Indigenous Peoples and the UN System Archive History of Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations System Indigenous peoples first approached the League of Nations in Geneva in 1928. Their visit attracted considerable attention, but produced no tangible results. Soon after the establishment of the United Nations, indigenous peoples' representatives made some unsuccessful appeals to the organization. Even a Bolivian Government initiative in the United Nations in 1948 to create a sub-commission to study the social problems of aboriginal populations did not result in anything substantial. Nevertheless, as part of its overall human rights work, the United Nations has addressed some situations that affect indigenous peoples. Although self-determination of peoples was not included in the historic Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, it was the common first article of the 1966

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