81. Multifaith And Religion Sites List Tribal, Aboriginal, indigenous and PaleoPagan Religions As people of faith,we actively oppose the manipulation of religion to promote exclusion and http://www.conjure.com/religion.html

Links to Multifaith and Religion Sites Contents: Religions Working Together for a Better World Service Organizations Networking Communities of Prayer ... Spirituality Religions Working Together for a Better World Service Organizations American Friends Service Committee A Quaker organization which includes people of various faiths who are committed to social justice, peace, and humanitarian service. American Jewish World Service A not-for-profit nonsectarian organization founded to help alleviate human suffering, poverty, hunger and disease among the people of the world regardless of race, religion or nationality. It provides American Jews with a vehicle to act upon a deeply felt and long cherished obligation to improve the quality of life for all people. Computerized AIDS Ministries The United Methodist Church provides a home page with stories and resources about Ministries for Persons Living with AIDS based on the CAM BBS service. Global AIDS Interfaith Alliance GAIA partners with religious organizations in less-developed countries to prevent the spread of HIV and to care for people living with AIDS. Heifer Project International Dedicated to the sustainability of providing food- and income-producing animals, training and related assistance to families and communities around the world.

82. A The Benin Example in africa and the Lakato Hypothesis (West african Journal of Ajisafe, AK, 1945, Laws and Customs of the Benin People, Kash and Klare http://www.cgore.dircon.co.uk/a1a.htm

Website: cgore.dircon.co.uk Author: Dr.Charles Gore A B C D E ... W-Z EDO BIBLIOGRAPHY Anon., 1823, Article in the Royal Gold Coast Gazette, No.21, Vol.1, March 25th. Anon., 1966, Benin Art and Artists, Nigeria Today, 9, 7-8. Anon., 1947, Benin Ebony Carvers, Nigerian Field, 12, 2. Anon., 1898, Cast Metal Work from Benin, Nature, Vol.58, July 7th. Anon., 1556, Description of a Voyage from Lisbona to the Isalnd of Sao Thome Written by an Anonymous Portuguese Pilot, (ed.) Rasmusio G.B., Navigationi e Viaggi, I. Venice (and in (ed.) Blake, J.W., Europeans in West Africa 1450-1560, Vol.1, London: Hakluyt Society, 1942). Anon., n.d., Extracts from the London Gazette, Friday May 7th 1897, Archives of Museum of Mankind, Benin B II Folder. Anon., 1956, Mud Shrines of Olokun, Nigeria Magazine, No.50. Anon., 1953, A New Carver (Felix Idubor of Nigeria), Nigeria Magazine, 41. Anon., n.d., Papers Relating to the Massacre of British Officials near Benin and the Consequent Punitive Expedition Presented to Both Houses of Parliament of her Majesty August 1897, Archives, Manchester Museum. Anon., 1949, The Recovery of Benin Antiquities, Nigeria Magazine, 32.

83. Untitled Document What is the relationship between a language and its indigenous The majorityof the African people have not been touched by this form of the sweep of http://pzadmin.pitzer.edu/masilela/general/essays/chapter17.htm

LANGUAGE AS A CULTURAL ISSUE IN AFRICA TODAY by Ntongela Masilela So, Africa having this cultural richness in the multiplicity of languages, presents the issue of their possible classification. This question of classification of African languages in the early phases of European colonial history in Africa was the central concern of many European linguists. Today, since the advent of the independence of many African countries, it has preoccupied the minds of many of Africa 's brilliant linguists. Also the great African historian, Joseph Ki-Zerbo, from Burkina Faso , today living in exile in Ivory Coast , has written some brilliant essays on these matters in the early 1960s issues of Presence Africaine . One thing has been clear through all this complicated process is that the persistence of the dominance of the European languages has had a deleterious effect on African cultural systems. Could it be that the absence of original African philosophical systems in modern times is tied to the fact that we use languages foreign to our thinking patterns or logical procedures. What is the relationship between language and philosophy! Since we are here in Germany , what can the German language teach us about this matter? Could it be doubted that whilst the genius of Wole Soyinka enhances the greatness of the English language, the Yoruba language is slowly atrophying and perhaps dying suffering from lack of constant nourishment. What is to be done? Is the path opened by Ngugi wa Thiongo the only way out of the dilemma in which we in Africa find ourselves? In concluding this short presentation, it is necessary to pause and reflect on the historical phenomenon of Ngugi wa Thiongo.

84. Adherents.com: By Location Barely a century ago, African Instituted Churches, a sacred people of God, cameto bear witness African indigenous churches, Nigeria, 11840200, 10.60% http://www.adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_245.html

Adherents.com - Religion by Location Over 42,000 religious geography and religion statistics citations (membership statistics for over 4,000 different religions, denominations, tribes, etc.) for every country in the world. To Index back to Niger, Tubu Niger, continued... Group Where Number of Adherents % of total pop. Number of congreg./ churches/ units Number of countries Year Source Quote/ Notes Aetherius Society Nigeria units *LINK* official organization web site directory of branches and groups African indigenous churches Nigeria 1997 Britannica Book of the Year . Pg. 781-783. Table; listed as "African Christian " African indigenous churches Nigeria *LINK* Atansuyi, H. Olu. "Gospel and Culture from the Perspective of African Instituted Churches " in Cyberjournal for Pentecostal Charismatic Research (viewed 11 March 1999). "Barely a century ago, African Instituted Churches, a sacred people of God, came to bear witness of the Light, that, through them, people of their race might believe. In Nigeria, these African Instituted Churches are: Cherubim and Seraphim, founded by St. Moses Orimolade Tunolase; Church of the Lord (Aladura), founded by Primate Dr. Josiah Olunowo Oshitelu; Christ Apostolic Church, founded by Pastor/Prophet Joseph Ayo Babalola; Celestial Church of Christ, founded by Revd/Pastor Samuel B.J. Oshofa. " African indigenous churches Nigeria Gall, Timothy L. (ed).

85. Sculture Info African art Tribes and sculptures. All ijo sculpture exhibits a foursquareschematic style that contrasts starkly with the relative naturalism of http://users.telenet.be/african-shop/sculpture-info.htm

Collection Tribes Masks museums ... fairs related articles: Home Up Eastern-Africa Western-Soudan ... American Indians sculptures Guinea-Coast Nigeria Ashanti Art-of-Benin ... African Antiques e-Newsletter Your email address will only be used to notify you about the African Antiques free e-newsletter. You should join if you want to read the last news and learn everything about the new exhibitions African art fairs auctions , buying tips, tribes stolen pieces , interesting opinions, museums , etc.. It will not be used for any other purpose. Discover a new World ! visit our other site and Discover a new World ! visit our other site and BuyAfricanAntiques David Norden Sint-katelijnevest 27 ANTWERPEN-Belgium Tel +32 3 227 35 40 Join our discussion group: Discussions AntiquesAfricaines en Français (100 membres) var site="sm5african" Sculptures and associated arts See also African Tribe info and african people Although wood is the best-known medium of African sculpture, many others are employed: copper alloys, iron, ivory, pottery, unfired clay, and, infrequently, stone. Unfired clay is and probably always was the most widely used medium in the whole continent, but, partly because it is so fragile and therefore difficult to collect, it has been largely ignored in the literature. Join our interesting discussion list (1000 members now): Click to subscribe to AfricanAntiques Small Daima clay figures. Neolitic period.

86. Media - Religious Studies - Georgia State University Library African Ritual and Initiation / Malidoma Patrice Some. A film about themasquerade plays of the ijo people of Nigeria. Chief chief! (36 min. http://www.library.gsu.edu/research/resources.asp?ldID=45&guideID=0&resourceID=6

87. African Folklore -- A-Z Entries Rastafari A Marginalized People Rattray, RS Religion African Traditional Water Ethos The ijo of the Niger Delta West African Folklore An Overview http://www.routledge-ny.com/folklore/african/azentries.html

Please note: List of entries is preliminary and may change prior to publication A B C D ... Z A Algeria Ancestors Angola Animals in African Folklore Arabic Folk Literature of North Africa Architecture Archives of Traditional Music Ashanti Astronomy back to top B Bamana Banjo: African Roots Bao Bascom, William Basketry, Africa Basketry, African American Beadwork Benin Birth and Death Rituals among the Gikuyu Blacksmiths: Dar Zaghawa of the Sudan Blacksmiths: Mande of Western Africa Body Arts: African American Arts of the Body Body Arts: Body Decoration in Africa Body Arts: Hair Sculpture Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi back to top C Callaway, Bishop Henry

88. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: African Languages@ HighBeam Research The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition African languages@ HighBeam Research . people. Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. http://www.highbeam.com/ref/doc0.asp?docid=1E1:Africanlng

89. Ijaw Resourse Center There is diversity in the spoken languages of the people of Ijaw Nation. The inland ijo language comprises of Biseni, Akita and Oruma; while NembeAkaha http://www.ijawcenter.com/

Search IJAW ETHNIC NATIONALITY The Ijaws are a nation of more than twelve million people in the Niger Delta region. The Ijaws are the most populous indigenous inhabitants of the Niger Delta and constitute the fourth largest ethnicity within the borders of Nigeria. Origin of the People The Iduwini speaking Ijaws of Ekeremo Local Government can be found along the coastline between the Forcados estuary in Delta State and the Pennington River in Bayelsa State. The Portuguese pilot Pereira attested to the existence of this Ijo tribe in 1508. According to Iduwini oral traditions, the town of Amatu in Bayelsa was the place out of which all other settlements originated. One will find bronze bells in the shrine of Suogbosu (Suo Egbesu) the national god of the Iduwini. Headline - Main story Ijaw People's Association of Great Britain and Ireland - Letter to Presiden Obasanjo Your Excellency The Kaima Declarations Paper - Onduku Akpobibibo Poem - Ebitari Isoun Governors,Their Challengers

90. The Role Of The National Genebank Of Kenya In The Collecting, Characterization A ijo = International Jute Organization. Local people in the collecting regions were Herbarium survey of African Corchorus L. species. IBPGR/ijo, Rome. http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/HTMLPublications/500/ch11.htm

The role of the National Genebank of Kenya in the collecting, characterization and conservation of traditional vegetables J.K. Kemei, R.K. Wataaru and E.N. Seme National Gene Bank of Kenya, Kikuyu, Kenya Introduction The National Gene Bank of Kenya (GBK) was established in 1988 by the Kenyan Government as the national institution for coordination and implementation of all activities concerned with crop plant and forage genetic resources. These activities include: collecting, seed processing and conservation, multiplication, regeneration, characterization, preliminary evaluation and documentation. Among the priority species for action are the leafy vegetables threatened by genetic erosion or required for improvement programmes. Genetic erosion of leafy vegetables Kenya has many wild and weedy species of edible leafy vegetables. They contribute significantly to the nutritional well-being of the rural population (Chweya 1994). While a few of these species have been domesticated or are semi-domesticated, most grow as weeds or wild in virgin, disturbed and/or cultivated areas. With increasing pressure on both wild habitats and agricultural land, due to demographic and socioeconomic changes, the ecological niches of many leafy vegetables are fast disappearing, and genetic erosion is therefore rapid. At the same time, the cultural status of these valuable food plants has declined as official policy has given priority to growing crops that suit urban tastes, or that offer a potential for export (FAO 1988). An example of this is the introduction of exotic vegetables, which have become more prestigious than local vegetables, slowly causing the latter to disappear (Ford-Lloyd and Jackson 1986). Furthermore, modern agricultural approaches in Kenya, as in much of Africa, often discourage farmers from growing their indigenous crops and cultivars. As a result, the genetic resources base of food security is gradually being undermined (Juma 1989; Kabuye 1993).

91. Educational CyberPlayGround: About American English Creole Dialect Speakers And Its African substrate which clearly derives from ijo, At this time, Europeansin New York outnumbered people of African descent five to one, http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/Literacy/aboutdialect.asp

var ecp_channel="Literacy" Literacy Area Literacy Home About the Brain Evolution of Language Origin of Words ... Creole Literature RESEARCH History of Reading Literacy Research Old Pedagogy New Pedagogy ... Intelligence Controversy TOOLS Statistics Sue Snyder Software Review Readability Tools ... Downoad Acrobat ABOUT PUBLISHING E-books Free E-books Self Publishing Publishing Resources ... Popular Entertainment Related Links Origins of Nursery Rhymes Children Record Songs Teach Reading Using Songs Standards ... ECP RingLeaders HOT SITE Awards About American English Creole Dialect Speakers "Indigenous languages" and "Heritage languages," are interchangeable terms to refer to languages that originated in the particular region in which they are used (indigenous) and are the embodiment of the cultural heritage of that region. Try to expand the knowledge base and range of insights and expertise available to help schools and communities nurture and pass on their cultural heritage with respect and integrity. The Historical Context SCAFFOLDING EXPERTS ISSUES - RACISM VIEW - Examples of Creole Literature SCAFFOLDING The Historical Context of Communication helps us capture the complexity of literacy. There are five different forms of literacy that have profound implications for teaching and learning, starting with Oracy 1600-1776. Resnick, Collins, Brown and Newman proposed a new model of learning called cognitive apprenticeship "which views learning as an apprenticeship in a collaborative process of model fitting or negotiations, not as an individualized assimilation of decontextualized separate, isolated skills."

92. Black Looks: Niger Delta African and European leaders as well as the people of Togo who held a series of message that his people, the ijo of the Niger Delta, are dying. http://okrasoup.typepad.com/black_looks/niger_delta/

Black Looks Musings and Rants of an African Fem Search Black Looks Technorati search this blog all blogs Recent Posts Africa standing tall Fear of Flying Around the Blogosphere Katrina Help ... Pageants amongst bulldozers Recent Comments World Series Tickets on Ugandan government attacks Lesbian activists World Series Tickets on Ugandan government attacks Lesbian activists World Series Tickets on Ugandan government attacks Lesbian activists Anonymous on Nestle Sule on Corruption and dirty deals in the Niger Delta Herbert on Empire Pays Back Herbert on Empire Pays Back john on Children in Slavery William J Bryce on Empire Pays Back Kojo Mensah on Africa standing tall Black Watch Kampala Resolution on Women, Peace and Conflict Petition - Sign online Remember FannyAnn Eddy Categories Action Alert Africa - Creative Arts African Diaspora Africa news ... December 2004 Recent Books Zami: A New Spelling of my Name: Audre Lorde Excellent autobiographical novel by AL Sister Outsider Essays by Audre Lorde The Cancer Journals: Audre Lorde Essays and poems on Living with Cancer Warrior Poet: Biograhpy of Audre Lorde: Alexis De Veaux Reading through the life of Audre Lorde. De Veaux breaks through the myths and iconic status of Lorde and takes us on a journey of Lorde's transformation from lesbian "gal" to poet. social activist, cancer survivor and finally black feminist lesbian warrior poet. A homage to a great Black lesbian feminist woman - no one has come near Audre Lorde as yet - De Veaux is nonetheless brave enough to give us details of the not so pleasant side of Lorde such as her taking of amphetamines and bouts of abusive anger. She also lays open Lorde's relationship to white women which up to the last 10 years, dominated her friendships and affairs and her somewhat ambivalant relationship to Black women. All of which makes Lorde even more of an exceptional human being given that she had flaws like the rest of us. Excellent first biogrpahy.

93. Atlas - Nigeria Map Nigeria Map, History, Culture, People, Population, Climate, Economy, Nigeria,The most populous nation in africa and the tenth largest nation by http://www.map.freegk.com/nigeria/nigeria.php

fiSearchFormMaxSetId='AX006201'; Introduction People History Culture ... Disputes Nigeria Plants and Animal Back to Top Nigeria's climate permits the cultivation of a mixture of crops in a pattern that emerged in earlier centuries in response to local conditions. As in other West Africa states, rainfall is heaviest in the south, where the forests and savannas benefit from extensive precipitation and comparatively short dry seasons. The staples are root crops, including cassava, yams, taro (cocoyams), and sweet potatoes. Tree cropscacao, oil palm, and rubberconstitute the area's main commercial produce. Cacao, from which cocoa is made, grows mostly in the southwest. Oil palms predominate in the southeast and are numerous in the south-central area. Rubber stands are common in south-central and southeastern Nigeria. Most of Nigeria's sheep and goats are in the north, where the Fulani maintained an approximate ratio of 30 % sheep and goats to 70 % cattle. About 40 % of northern nonFulani farming households are around to keep sheep and goats. Most pigs are raised in the south, where the Muslim proscription against eating pork is not a remarkable factor. Almost all rural households raise poultry as a subsistence meat. Chickens are predominantly of indigenous origin, and there is some crossbreeding with foreign stock. Egg production is low. Private commercial poultry operations increased rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s near urban areas, providing a growing source of eggs for the cities. But commercial operations remained largely dependent on corn and other feeds imported from the United States.

94. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate Many people of nonHausa origin, including the city-based Fulani, Nigeria alsohas many independent African churches, such as Cherubim and Seraphim, http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/5.shtml

FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources The People ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population:57.1%

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