21. African Studies: Nigeria The collection includes examples from Ibibio, Igbo, ijo and Ogoni speaking peoples . African diaspora newsletter. (Online) Toronto, Cananda York http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/NRhist.html

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22. Encyclopedia: Demographics Of Nigeria West africa s people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers Ibibio, and The Ijaw (also known as the ijo) are a collection of peoples http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Demographics-of-Nigeria

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Demographics of Nigeria" also viewed: Demographics of Niger Demographics of Zimbabwe Demographics of Somalia Demographics of Togo ... Ijaw What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Main Page Zeke One Yuasa Youthanasia ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Demographics of Nigeria Updated 146 days 5 hours 55 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Demographics of Nigeria The most populous country in World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Eurasia. ... Africa The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. ... Nigeria accounts for approximately one-quarter of West Africa 's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the The Hausa-Fulani is a term sometimes used for the people of the Hausa kingdoms of the seventeenth and eighteenth century and the Fulani Empire of the nineteenth of Northern Nigeria, Mali, and Niger. ...

23. MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Nigeria In the south, indigenous peoples produced their own art long before Europeans Some of the finest examples are from cultures such as the ijo, Ibibio, http://encarta.msn.com/text_761557915___124/Nigeria.html

Print Print Preview Nigeria Article View On the File menu, click Print to print the information. Nigeria IV. Arts Nigerian culture reflects African, Islamic, and European influences. In northern Nigeria, Islam has shaped architecture and calligraphy. As Islam traditionally forbids the representation of people and animals, art forms such as ceremonial carvings are virtually absent in the north. In the south, indigenous peoples produced their own art long before Europeans arrived. Portuguese figures first appeared in Benin bronzes dating to the 16th century. Since the dawn of the colonial era, Western influences have challenged, threatened, and in certain ways enriched Nigerian culture. A. Literature Nigeria’s modern literature grows out of a tradition of storytelling and historical remembrance that has existed in Nigeria for millennia. Oral literature ranges from the proverbs and dilemma tales of the common people to elaborate stories memorized and performed by professional praise-singers attached to royal courts. In states where Islam prevailed, significant written literatures evolved. The founder of the Sokoto caliphate, Usuman dan Fodio, wrote nearly 100 texts in Arabic in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His prose and poetry examined issues such as good government and social relations from an Islamic moralist perspective. The legacy of this Islamic tradition is a widely read modern literature comprised of religious and secular works, including the Hausa-language poetry and stories of Alhaji Abubakar Imam.

24. Black History The ijo people, who live in the mangrove swamps of the Niger delta, The mostcommon form of dance within the indigenous traditions of africa is a team http://search.eb.com/Blackhistory/article.do?nKeyValue=384736

25. Research In African Literatures--African Mythology And Africa's Political Impass them have been ruled by indigenous leaders who have done much worse to theirpeople Although most ijo communities consider themselves autochthonous, http://iupjournals.org/ral/ral29-1.html

from Research in African Literatures Volume 29, Number 1 African Mythology and Africa's Political Impasse Isidore Okpewho Permission to Copy You may download, save, or print for your personal use without permission. If you wish to disseminate the electronic article, or to produce multiple copies for classroom or educational use, please request permission from: Professional Relations Department 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 FAX: 978-750-4470/4744 Web address: For other permissions, use our online reprint request form One of the most exciting areas in the growth of African oral literary study within the last two decades has been the specialized interest in the continent's heroic epics: stories about great warriors, empire builders, and culture heroes like Sunjata among the Mandinka of Mali, Lianja among the Nkundo of Zaire, Shaka among the Zulu of South Africa, Ozidi among the Ijo of Nigeria's delta country, and many others. So widely has this interest growninvolving the collection of hitherto ignored epic texts and the critical study of themthat Indiana University Press, without doubt the sturdiest publisher of African studies in the United States, has seen fit to establish an African Epic Series to enshrine this body of work within the canons of higher education. With so much that has come to light, it is no longer possible to doubt, as was the case up to the 1970s, that the epic is a characteristic feature of Africa's oral traditions. And yet, if we took time to look beyond the walls of the academy, and projected our study of the epic within the larger context of the realities around us, we would find reason enough to temper our enthusiasm for this subject with a certain concern. In the more than three decades that African nations have been free from the colonial shackles that held them down for pretty much one century, most of them have been ruled by indigenous leaders who have done much worse to their people than the foreign usurpers. If we looked closely at the power profiles of these recent leaders, we would find them uncomfortably similar to the heroes we have grown accustomed to glorifying in our studies: leaders who held absolute power, exercising total proprietorship over the material and perhaps spiritual lives of those who lived under the shadow of their might.

26. The First Masks Over thirty thousand years ago, somewhere in africa, an indigenous Hunter had a idea For early indigenous peoples, masks were a way to the gods, and http://www.africans-art.com/index.php3?action=page&id_art=28378

27. MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: PEOPLES (by Boomie O.) People and Culture, in Nigeria. (Zon), ijo blurb from Nigeria The CountryToday ijo Info Art Life in africa ijo Ethnologue Nigeria http://www.motherlandnigeria.com/people.html

PEOPLES SITE AWARDS NIGERIAN ORGANIZATIONS SEND FREE WEBCARD IMMIGRATION ... SCAM INFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRO THE GEOGRAPHY LOCATION MAP RIVERS PATRIOTIC STUFF FLAG COAT OF ARMS NATIONAL ANTHEM NATIONAL PLEDGE MOTTO PEOPLES POPULATION RELIGION -CHRISTIANITY -ISLAM -TRADITIONAL -INFLUENCE ETHNIC GROUPS -YORUBA -IBO (or IGBO) -OTHERS LANGUAGES -YORUBA ALPHABET -HAUSA ALPHABET -LINKS TO OTHERS LANGUAGE RESOURCES -GENERAL RESOURCES -YORUBA RESOURCES -IBO RESOURCES -HAUSA RESOURCES -OTHERS MORE ON LANGUAGES -NUMBERS -PEOPLE -BODY PARTS -HOUSE PARTS -PLACES -OTHER WORDS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES YORUBA NAMES -THE NAMING CEREMONY -COMMON PARTS -CIRCUMSTANTIAL NAMES IGBO NAMES HAUSA NAMES LINKS ON NAMES THE WEDDING MARRIAGE TIDBITS FAMILY TIDBITS OTHER SOURCES FOODS AND DRINKS INTRO SOME MEALS SOME DRINKS RECIPES RECIPES LINKS BUYING (ingredients and food) DINING (restaurants) HEALTHCARE TRADITIONAL HEALTH CURRENT HEALTH POLICY INFO FOR TRAVELERS OTHER LINKS HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS EDUCATION SCHOOL LANGUAGES SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL LEVELS SCHOOL ATTIRE SCHOOL TRANSPORTATION SCHOOL LINKS HOLIDAYS FESTIVALS ATTIRE TRANSPORTATION AIR LAND WATER SPORTS SPORTS PLAYED SPORTS HISTORY RECORDS SPORTS ASSOCIATIONS SITES ON SPORTS THE ARTS ART LITERATURE MEDIA -RADIO -TELEVISION -INTERNET JUJU MUSIC FUJI MUSIC AFRO-BEAT MUSIC OTHER MUSIC TYPES OTHER SITES WITH SAMPLES

28. Peter Palmer Ekeh - Contesting The History Of Benin Kingdom by african historians and the literati towards those of africa s indigenous In the ijo story, the details had been lost, but Agboghidi appears as http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v031/31.3ekeh.html

29. Ijaw... We The People We The Ijaws, the predominant indigenous people in the Niger Delta, The religionof the ijo, who are perhaps the most ancient people in West africa, http://www.unitedijawstates.com/the_people.htm

United Ijaw We Dare To Be Different Support Ijaw Foundation Home Voices Boro Health ... Ijaw History Alphabets: A B D E E F G GB H I K KP L M N O O P R S T U V W Y Z Numerals 01 = Kene 02 = Mamu 03 = Taru 04 = Nien 05 = Sanran 06 = Siindie 07 = Sunoma 08 =Niengina 09 = Esei 10 = Oyi 15 = Diye 20 = Sii 30 = Sii Oyi 40 = Ma Sii 60 = Tra Sii United Ijaw States POPULATION: 14,825,211 We The Ijaws the predominant indigenous people in the Niger Delta, moved to the Delta over 7,000 years . We have a distinctive language. The Niger River Delta, one of the largest and beautiful deltas in the world, is the largest delta in Africa, and it covers approximately 14,000 square miles (36,260 square kilometers). Its origination is in the highlands of the Fouta Djallon Plateau in western Guinea 150 miles (240 kilometers) from the Atlantic Ocean. The Niger River is Africa's third longest river covering approximately 2,600 miles or 4185 kilometers. It flows northeast into Mali. In central Mali, the Niger forms a vast inland delta, a maze of channels and shallow lakes. Just below Timbuktu, the Niger bends, flowing first east, then southeast from Mali through the Republic of Niger, and finally into Nigeria. At Lokoja in central Nigeria, the Niger is joined by its chief tributary, the Benue. The Niger then travels south 250 miles or 400 kilometers, becoming a great fan shaped delta before emptying into the Gulf of Guinea. The Ijaws have called this delta home for over 7,000 years.

30. United Ijaw States In these new colonial urban centers, the ijo peoples began to draw together This practice of history thus denied indigenous African peoples the humanity http://www.unitedijawstates.com/articles_alagoa.htm

United Ijaw We Dare To Be Different Support Ijaw Foundation Home Voices Boro Corruption ... Contact Us IZON: the historical perspective. Saturday, December 14, 2002 E J Alagoa, University of Port Harcourt. The Ijo, Ijaw, Izon people are yet to develop a complete sense of their unity. This is not strange considering how widely they are dispersed along the Nigerian coastline and among the creeks and rivers of the Niger Delta. In geographical terms, however, the Ijo have been defined by the Niger Delta, as far back into the past as they can remember, and the earliest Portuguese explorers of the West African coast identified them with the Niger Delta as “Jos”. The linguists have, indeed, recognized the Izon language to have been present in the Niger Delta region many millennia before the fifteenth century when the Portuguese visited the Nigerian coast. By current linguistic estimates, the Ijo language has been established in the Niger Delta from between seven to eight thousand years ago! The Ijo people therefore, belong to the Niger Delta in both their geographical spread, and in terms of the length of time over which they have lived within this geographical region. In our study of the oral traditions of individual Ijo communities throughout the Niger Delta region, it became apparent that the people themselves believe the Niger Delta to be their home from virtually, “the beginning of time”. The oldest sites identified as places of origin from which community founders had migrated to their present locations are to be found in the central Niger Delta, mostly Bayelsa State. The region of the Apoi Creek was the home of many migrants into the western Niger Delta. Sites on Wilberforce Island have been identified as places of origin for communities in many parts of the Niger Delta, while the site of the ancient settlement of Obiama to the east was also an important center of outward migration. But places in the eastern Niger Delta, such as Ke, and the Defaka, and others, have also been identified or suggested as centers of migration in antiquity.

31. Brodart Books ijo (African people) Illegal aliens Illegal arms transfers Illinois indigenous crops indigenous peoples indigenous peoples in literature Indigestion http://www.books.brodart.com/products/automation/dartclix_subjects/i.htm

Home Products Automation DartClix > DARTCLIX SUBJECTS If you are interested in information about standing orders, please call or email us: Phone: (800) 474-9816 Email: support@brodart.com If you are uncertain where to find help at Brodart, start by contacting our customer service department: CUSTOMER SERVICE Phone: (800) 474-9802 Email: bookscs@brodart.com DartClix Subject Areas A B C D ... Z IBM computers Ibn Batutta, Juvenile literature Ibsen, Henrik Ice Ice caps Ice crystals Ice fields Ice mummies Ice sheets Ice tunneling Icebergs Iceland Icelanders Ichnology Ichthyology Ichthyosauria Ichthyosauridae Ichthyosaurus Icon painting Icons Idaho Idea (Philosophy) Idealism Idealism, American Identification Identification cards Identity (Psychology) Identity (Psychology) in adolescence Idioms Idiosyncratic drug reactions Iditarod National Historic Trail (Alaska) Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race, Alaska

32. History Of Ijaws And Neighbors In Southern Nigeria The indigenous languages of western africa belong to three of the four phyla This was birth of the ijo people. Some of the Kumoni/Oru remained behind at http://www.earthrights.net/nigeria/history.html

History of Ijaws and Neighbors in Southern Nigeria I was reading an article titled “Press release by Ijaws of Egbema Clan: Rejoinder”, and I was particularly interested in sections that dealt with the history of the Ijaws and our neighbours. It is the duty of historians to investigate and arrive at the truth concerning the history of peoples. In truth the history of the Ijaws and our neighbours the Itsekiris, Urhobos, Binis, Edos, Yorubas and Igbos are intertwined as we go further back in time. And it is because historians have not come to terms with this fact, that people can make claims and counter-claims as to who owns the land, and who arrived in a region first. In various historical documents that I have sent in to this forum, I have demonstrated that all the ethnic nationalities comprising Southern Nigeria, did not exist as we now know them to be now, 2000 years ago. Most are a product of fusion of ancient people, the Ijaw people being one of the most ancient survivals of the original ancient people that fused with others to give rise to the ethnic nationalities that exist today. What is meant by the term Autochthonous?

33. HandMade Rhythm: Tradition The ashiko drum is indigenous to South Western Nigeria. It is historic amongstthe Ijaw (ijo), as well as the Yoruba peoples. It was first introduced to the http://www.handmaderhythm.com/hmr/tradition.htm

ashiko drums wood craftsmanship news ... order Here is a collection of references to Ashiko Drums that we found on the web... Ashiko is a West African word that means freedom. Ashiko drums are of a conical shape and are constructed with a series of slats bonded together to form the shell. Drums are at the heart of sub-Saharan African cultures. Drums have a presence in all important aspects of African life - from birth, ancestor worship, rites of passage, healing, storytelling, warrior rites and initiation, at the time of death, as well as an an important means of communication over long distances.They are made of a variety of materials - wood, calabash and other gourds,bamboo, etc. The skin is tensioned by traditional Yoruba diamond pattern of rope work Ashiko refers to one of the early 20th-century West African (neo-folk) musical styles called "highlife" which blended African and European influences. The Ashiko drum is a conical version of the familiar conga drum and evolved during the heyday of Ashiko music. These are a West African drum whose name means Freedom They are of a conical shape and are constructed of a series of slats bonded together to form the shell A cone shaped drum, built of wood staves. Traditionally has a goat skin head laced onto the drum with rope. Like a djembe, Yields a resonant bass tone when struck in the middle, and a high ringing tone when struck on the rim. Origin: African (perhaps Nigerian?)

34. African Religion ijo Orunmila clkhere4more2.gif (2621 bytes) Ara Ifa Publishing the 8000year-oldphilosophy of Ifa originated with the Yoruba peoples of West africa. http://www.cultural-expressions.com/diaspora/africanreligion.htm

Ifa/Orisa/African Religion "The Religion of the Yoruba"; by J. Olumide Lucas; Athelia Henrietta Press A comprehensive study of Yoruba, including a survey of the major Orishas, the deified spirits of ancestors and other spirits, the minor Orishas, details of priesthood and worship, the Yoruba conception of human beings, magic in Yorubaland, and the survival of heiroglyphics, emblems and other symbols. A scholarly work. Illustrated. Appendix, bibliography. 440pp. "IFAISM The Complete Work of Orunmila" Volume I to Volume XVII; by Mr. C. Osamaro IBIE; Athelia Henrietta Press Inc. NY; Publishing In The Name Of Orunmila IFISM - THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ORUNMILA VOLUME 1 C. OSAMARO IBIE In this first volume, Mr. Ibie gives us an indepth and comprehensive overview of Orunmila, the oracular divinity. Beginning with chapter 1, The Author's Early Association With Orunmila and continuing to chapter 13, the author brings the reader to a very extensive examination of each of the sixteen Olodus, (Apostles of Orunmila) in order of their seniority beginning with Eji Ogbe and ending with Ofun Meji. This seventeen volume series gives a thorough religious and spirtual discourse on Ifism through these very Complete Works of Orunmila. Introduction. Illustrations. 251pp. IFISM - THE COMPLETE WORKS OF ORUNMILA VOLUME 2 - The Odus of Eji Ogbe How Man Created His Own God C.

35. Guest Commentaries: An Analysis Of The Survival And Resurgence Of The Yoruba In An indiscernible number of indigenous people that remained in africa maintainedtraditional California ijo Orunmila, Ile Orunmila, and Awo Study Center http://www.nigeriavillagesquare1.com/Articles/Guest/2005/08/analysis-of-survival

@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=5931044"); The Nigerian Village Square …a marketplace of ideas Home The Square NEWS Features ... Print this article Friday, August 05, 2005 An Analysis of the Survival And Resurgence Of The Yoruba In The Americas: A perspective of an African American on re-connecting to our cultural traditions by: Iya Oyatolu Olajejoye ABSTRACT The focus of this paper is on descendants of Africa ’s cultural/spiritual systems. The paper offers a perspective on the effects that the slave trade and colonization has had on descendants from Africa . The Yoruba are one of the surviving indigenous traditions of Africa . The Yoruba ethnic group is examined and how the culture/religion persevered a traumatic history. Yoruba tradition and others are unique cultural/religious systems that maintained remnants and propagated rich and complex systems in the Americas . This paper discusses the effects of Christian influence on Africa and its descendants. Finally, I examine how the Yoruba are in the midst of a dramatic global resurgence.

36. Internet Resources For Social And Cultural Anthropology Part of EthnoNet africa, this database provides a bibliography of The collectionincludes examples from Ibibio, Igbo, ijo and Ogoni speaking peoples. http://www2.lib.udel.edu/subj/anth/soccult/internet.htm

ANTHROPOLOGY Resources: Databases E-Journals Research Guides Other UD Resources ... Suggest Purchase Internet Resources for Related Subjects: Choose Subject Afr Amer Studies African Studies East Asia Ethnic Studies History Jewish Studies Latin America Linguistics Latin America Political Science Sociology Women Contact: David L. Langenberg Associate Librarian E-mail Home DELCAT Databases ... Ask a Librarian Internet Resources for Social and Cultural Anthropology Starting Points Archives, Databases, Exhibits, and Information Sources Museums Societies, Associations, and Other Organizations ... Other Sites of Interest Starting Points Anthro.Net Anthropology (Social Science Hub) Maintained by Sharyn Clarkson, Canberra, Australia. Anthropology and Archaeology (Yahoo) Search these categories: archaeology, biological anthropology, Cargo Cult, conferences, education, ethnobotany, ethnomusicology, institutes, journals, linguistics and human languages, mailing lists, museums, organizations, papers, Usenet. Anthropology Resources on the Internet Maintained by the American Anthropological Association. Anthropology Resources on the Internet Maintained by Bernard-Olivier Clist.

37. International Law-Related Lists (Electronic Discussion Groups) By COM HR/SubSaharan africa HRW-NEWS-AMERICAS HRW-NEWS-AMERICAS-SUBSCRIBE@IGC.TOPICA . EDU indigenous peoples TRIBUNAL-UPDATE MAJORDOMO@LISTSERVE.OMRI. http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/~llou/lawlists/international.html

38. Santeria Enigmatic Powers Syncretism with African and indigenous peoples Religions ijo Orunmila This is a website by Fashina Falade, who identifies herself as http://science.gcc.edu/reli/kemeny/Santeria.htm

Santeria By Erica Sommerville BOOKS Scholarly Primary Sources on Santería Hagedorn, Katherine J. Divine Utterances: the Performance of Afro-Cuban Santería. Washington [D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001. Mason, Michael Atwood. Living Santería: Rituals and Experiences in an Afro-Cuban Religion. Washington [D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2002. Murphy, Joseph M. Santería: African Spirits in America: with a New Preface Boston: Beacon Press, 1993. Popular Primary Sources on Santería Abimbola, 'Wande. Ifa will Mend our Broken World: Thoughts on Yoruba Religion and Culture in Africa and the Diaspora . Roxbury, MA: Aim Books, 1997. Canizares, Raul. Cuban Santería: Walking with the Night . Rochester Vt.: Destiny Books, 1999. Eleburuibon, Ifayemi The Adventures of Obatala Oyo State , Nigeria: A.P.I. Production, 1989. Gleason, Judith Illsley. Santería, Bronx . New York, Atheneum, 1975. González-Wippler, Migene. Legends of Santería . St. Paul Minn.: Llewellyn Publications, 1994. Santería: African Magic in Latin America . New York: Original Products, 1981.

39. Dutch Language --  Encyclopædia Britannica German, and French) colonists, indigenous Khoisan peoples, and African andAsian slaves in the Dutch colony at The ijo language More results http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9031611

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents Dutch language Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Dutch language Page 1 of 1 the Netherlandic (Netherlandish) language as spoken in The Netherlands, together with the same language in northern Belgium, which is popularly called Flemish. In the European Middle Ages, the language was called Dietsc, or Duutsc, historically equivalent to German Deutsch Dutch language... (75 of 118 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Dutch language."

40. Armed Ijaw Militants In Okotara, Nigeria The Ijaw (also known as the ijo ) are a collection of peoples residing all the problems of Nigeria, but of the whole of black, subSaharan africa! http://www.fiscalstudy.com/2004-global-photo/24-armed-ijaw-militants-in-nigeria.

F I S C A L S T U D Y web this site Home Global Economy Int'l Politics News ... Browse by Country International Politics Armed Ijaw Militants in Nigeria Armed Ijaw militants loyal to Dokubo Asari stand guard with charms around their necks holding AK-47 rifles at Okorota, near Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Friday June 25, 2004. The militants took up arms to fight for the right of the common people of the oil rich Niger Delta who are often ignored.(AP/George Osodi) Story Beyond the Photo Ijaw The Ijaw (also known as the "Ijo") are a collection of peoples residing mostly in the forest regions of the Niger River delta in Nigeria, and numbering several million individuals. The Ijaw speak 9 closely-related Niger-Congo languages, all of which fall under the Ijoid branch of the Niger-Congo tree. The primary division between the Ijaw languages is that between Central Ijaw and Western Ijaw, the most important of the former group of languages being Izon, which is spoken by about 1 million people, while the most prominent member of the Western Ijaw group is Kalabari, which has about a quarter of a million speakers. The Ijaw were one of the first of Nigeria's peoples to have contact with Westerners, and were active as go-betweens in trade between visiting Europeans and the peoples of the interior, particularly in the era before the discovery of Quinine, when West Africa was still known as the White Man's Graveyard because of the endemic presence of malaria. Some of the kin-based trading lineages that arose amongst the Ijaw developed into substantial corporations which were known as "Houses"; each house had an elected leader as well as a fleet of war canoes for use in protecting trade and fighting rivals. The other main occupation common amongst the Ijaw has traditionally been fishing.

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