61. Guest Commentaries: Lost Between Two Worlds Unfortunately, igbo indigenous religious practices have been in relative decline in this grand scheme to remake the African in other people’s image. http://www.nigeriavillagesquare1.com/Articles/Guest/2004/08/lost-between-two-wor

by Okenwa S. Nwosu, MD @import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=5931044"); The Nigerian Village Square …a marketplace of ideas Home The Square NEWS Features ... Print this article Sunday, August 15, 2004 Lost Between Two Worlds by Okenwa S. Nwosu, MD Forwarded by C.F. Ikpatt The chilling report about the police findings at Ogwugwu Okija shrine is only a premonition of the confusion and disorientation that has permeated the psyche of the contemporary African. No doubt, the CNN, BBC, AP, Reuters, UPI and a host of other foreign media groups are already making their way to Okija, Ihiala Local Government of Anambra state, to record this gruesome site for their worldwide audience. Exposure of the worst about us gives great pleasure and a sense of relevance to many who would seize upon any opportunity to showcase the African, and in this case the Igbo, as someone entrapped in a psychological abyss from which he cannot rescue himself. But before anyone of us hops on the bandwagon of those who have always longed to civilize us, we must first pause, take a deep breath and exhale slowly. Contemporary African elite have become willing accomplices in this grand scheme to remake the African in other people’s image. Perhaps, just as willed by our proselytizers, we are all holding our breath waiting anxiously for the day when our indigenous value system must have died completely, never to rise anymore. But based on the reality in Alaigbo today, such a day shall not come anytime soon.

62. African Art: Information From Answers.com African art, art created by the peoples south of the Sahara. The igbo, Ibibio,Ekoi, and Ijaw of SE Nigeria carved wooden masks for use in their rites http://www.answers.com/topic/african-art

showHide_TellMeAbout2('false'); Business Entertainment Games Health ... More... On this page: Encyclopedia Wikipedia Mentioned In Or search: - The Web - Images - News - Blogs - Shopping African art Encyclopedia Source African art, art created by the peoples south of the Sahara. The predominant art forms are masks and figures, which were generally used in religious ceremonies. The decorative arts, especially in textiles and in the ornamentation of everyday tools, were a vital art in nearly all African cultures. The lack of archaeological excavations restricts knowledge of the antiquity of African art. As the value of these works was inseparable from their ritual use, no effort was made to preserve them as aesthetic accomplishments. Wood was one of the most frequently used materials—often embellished by clay, shells, beads, ivory, metal, feathers, and shredded raffia. The discussion in this article is limited to the works of the peoples of W and central Africa—the regions richest (because of the people's sedentary lifestyles) in indigenous art. Western Sudan and Guinea Coast In this region the style of woodcarving is abstract. Distortion is often used to emphasize features of spiritual significance. The figures of the Dogon tribe of central Mali stress the cylindrical shape of the torso. Some wooden carvings were made by an earlier people, the Tellem. Sculptures such as masks carved of soft wood are homes for the spirits and are discarded once they have been used in rituals. The Dogon have three distinctive styles of sculpture: masks incorporating recessed rectangles, ancestor sculptures carved in abstract geometric style used as architectural supports, and freestanding figures made in a cylindrical style. High-ranking Dogon families often had carved doors on their granaries.

63. African Art On The Internet africa Talks.org an online and faceto-face community of people Depicts theart and culture of the Ibibio, igbo, Ijo, and Ogoni speaking poeple http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/art.html

Countries Topics Search the Africa Pages Suggest a Site ... Topics: African Art on the Internet See also: South African Art Photographs Addis Art - Ethiopian Art and Artists Page Contemporary Ethiopian art and artists - paintings, sculptures and digital art work by students and professionals from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. University instructor, Getahun Assefa 's paintings , drawings, sculpture, digital art. Also work by his brother, Tesfaye Assefa. Based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [KF] http://www.addisart.com/ Addis Art - Nouveau Art from Ethiopia Artists include Shiferaw Girma and Lulseged Retta. Photographs of each artist's work, a biography, and video. Founded by Mesai Haileleul. [KF] http://www.addis-art.com/ Adire African Textiles - Duncan Clarke History, background, and photographs of adire, adinkra, kente, bogolan, Yoruba aso-oke, akwete, ewe, kuba, and nupe textiles. The symbolism of images is often provided. One can purchase textiles as well. Clarke's Ph.D. dissertation (School of Oriental and African Studies) is on Yoruba men's weaving. Based in London. http://www.adire.clara.net Afewerk Tekle "Ethiopia’s leading artist." Biography, his paintings, sculptures, mosaics, murals, art in the artist's home. Afewerk created the stained-glass windows at the entrance of Africa Hall, headquarters of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. "In 1964, he became the first winner of the Haile Selassie I prize for Fine Arts." "In 2000, he was one of the few chosen World Laureates by the council of the ABI on the occasion of the 27th International Millennium Congress on the Arts and Communication in Washington DC." He painted Kwame Nkrumah's portrait and was awarded the American Golden Academy Award and the Cambridge Order of Excellence England. Prints of his work may be purchased online. http://www.afewerktekle.org

64. Encyclopedia: Demographics Of Nigeria West africa s people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, igbo (Ibo), The Fula language is a language of West africa, http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Demographics-of-Nigeria

Supporter Benefits Signup Login Sources ... Pies Related Articles People who viewed "Demographics of Nigeria" also viewed: Demographics of Niger Demographics of Zimbabwe Demographics of Somalia Demographics of Togo ... Ijaw What's new? Our next offering Latest newsletter Student area Lesson plans Recent Updates Main Page Zeke One Yuasa Youthanasia ... More Recent Articles Top Graphs Richest Most Murderous Most Taxed Most Populous ... More Stats Encyclopedia: Demographics of Nigeria Updated 146 days 4 hours 52 minutes ago. Other descriptions of Demographics of Nigeria The most populous country in World map showing location of Africa A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Eurasia. ... Africa The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country in West Africa. ... Nigeria accounts for approximately one-quarter of West Africa 's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the The Hausa-Fulani is a term sometimes used for the people of the Hausa kingdoms of the seventeenth and eighteenth century and the Fulani Empire of the nineteenth of Northern Nigeria, Mali, and Niger. ...

65. Freedom Party International - Consent 14 - June 1991 The igbo people go on a village strike, bringing life to a halt. that In indigenous African societies, the people were the army, owning their own http://www.freedomparty.org/consent/cons14_1.htm

This article appeared in Consent #14 (June 1991) Democracy And Africa - George B. N. Ayittey, Ph.D. Dr. George B.N. Ayittey, Ph.D. is a native of Ghana and currently an Associate Professor of Economics at The American University, Washington, DC 20016. His books, Africa Betrayed , and Indigenous African Institutions published in April 1991 by the CATO Institute (Washington) and Transnational Publishers, Inc. (New York) respectively. The following essay was originally presented as a lecture given at the University of Western Ontario on February 5, 1991. As we all know, Africa teeters on the brink of economic disintegration, political chaos and social decay. But more fundamentally, Africa is a tragedy in more ways than one. The main reason why things have gone so wrong in Africa, in my view, is that there are so many people, international institutions and aid agencies who want to help Africa - and sincerely. But the problems is, few understand the very people they seek to help. Mythology bedevils attempts to help Africa. One of these enduring myths is the nonsensical notion that Africa had no culture, no history and no viable institutions before the arrival of the European colonialists. You and I know that is patently false. But then our leaders perpetuate these myths by their own shameful ignorance of African heritage. Foreigners may be excused for their ignorance of African institutions but that of our own leaders is inexcusable.

66. Titles Are Sorted Into Publication Date Order Up Catalogue The Agwu Deity in igbo Religion. A Study of the Patron Spiri of Divination and research undertaken amongst the Shona people, taking indigenous religion http://www.africanbookscollective.com/acatalog/Online_Catalogue_Anthropology_21.

67. IK Monitor Articles (7-2) In presentday africa the majority of the people lack access to modern health Tuberculosis as seen by the igbo In igboland, tuberculosis is generally http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/7-2/enwereji.html

Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor, July 1999 Contents IK Monitor (7-2) IKDM Homepage ikdm@nuffic.nl Views on tuberculosis among the Igbo of Nigeria by Ezinna Enwereji Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that causes the untimely death of some 75,000 Nigerians each year. The persistence of tuberculosis in a given area is due to a complex web of factors: cultural values, beliefs and practices, poor socioeconomic conditions, migration and urbanization, in combination with an ill-managed and ineffective tuberculosis programme. Any effective treatment of tuberculosis must be based on an understanding of traditional cultural views and insights concerning the cause, spread and treatment of the disease. This article assesses these views and suggests ways to improve communication at the community level. In every society certain general beliefs exist. Some of these insights are easily changed and may be described as 'soft views'. Othersthe 'hard views'are so deeply rooted in the culture that they are quite difficult to alter. This is of particular relevance when it comes to contagious diseases, in particular, such issues as how individuals contract diseases, how these diseases are spread and how they can best be treated. This article deals with such hard and soft views on tuberculosis. In Igboland, doctors and epidemiologists continue to wrestle with the problem of tuberculosis, which is currently spreading at an alarming rate, especially among rural dwellers and the urban poor. Without appropriate treatment, tuberculosis is fatal. According to a recent NTBLCP (1997) report, each year 150,000 Nigerians contract tuberculosis, 50-60% of whom die due to lack of adequate treatment. This article evaluates various aspects of indigenous beliefs and traditional therapeutic claims related to tuberculosis, in an effort to identify and ultimately encourage those that are beneficial, while discouraging those that do not help to promote public health. The aim of this article is to find ways of synthesizing certain indigenous beliefs and practices related to tuberculosis with Western knowledge, in order to heighten awareness of measures to treat and prevent tuberculosis among rural dwellers.

68. GradeSaver: ClassicNote: About Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe s college work sharpened his interest in indigenous Nigerian cultures . Achebe depicts the igbo as a people with great social institutions. http://www.gradesaver.com/ClassicNotes/Titles/things/about.html

Study Guides, Literature Summaries, Novel Analysis, Editing Services and Successful College Application Essays My Account Home Getting you the grade since 1999. Search: Study Guides Editing Services ... Buy the Book Dictionary Thesaurus About Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe's college work sharpened his interest in indigenous Nigerian cultures. He had grown up in Ogidi, a large village in Nigeria. His father taught at the missionary school, and Achebe witnessed firsthand the complex mix of benefit and catastrophe that the Christian religion had brought to the Igbo people. In the 1950s, an exciting new literary movement grew in strength. Drawing on indigenous Nigerian oral traditions, this movement enriched European literary forms in hopes of creating a new literature, in English but unmistakably African. Published in 1958, Things Fall Apart is one of the masterpieces of 20th century African fiction. Things Fall Apart is set in the 1890s, during the coming of the white man to Nigeria. In part, the novel is a response and antidote to a large tradition of European literature in which Africans are depicted as primitive and mindless savages. The attitudes present in colonial literature are so ingrained into our perception of Africa that the District Commissioner, who appears at the end of the novel, strikes a chord of familiarity with most readers. He is arrogant, dismissive of African "savages," and totally ignorant of the complexity and richness of Igbo life. Yet his attitude echoes so much of the depiction of Africa; this attitude, following Achebe's depiction of the Igbo, seems hollow and savage.

69. African Art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 richest (because of the people’s sedentary lifestyles) in indigenous art. The igbo, Ibibio, Ekoi, and Ijaw of SE Nigeria carved wooden masks for use http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africana.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African art art created by the peoples south of the Sahara.

70. TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents PEOPLE. The most populous country in africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately20 percent of West Religions Muslim, Christian, indigenous african. http://www.traveldocs.com/ng/people.htm

Nigeria Africa PEOPLE The most populous country in Africa, Nigeria accounts for approximately 20 percent of West Africa's people. Although less than 25% of Nigerians are urban dwellers, at least 24 cities have populations of more than 100,000. The variety of customs, languages, and traditions among Nigeria's 250 ethnic groups gives the country a rich diversity. The dominant ethnic group in the northern two-thirds of the country is the Hausa-Fulani, most of whom are Muslim. Other major ethnic groups of the north are the Nupe, Tiv, and Kanuri. The Yoruba people are predominant in the southwest. About half of the Yorubas are Christian and half Muslim. The predominantly Catholic Igbo are the largest ethnic group in the southeast, with the Efik, Ibibio, and Ijaw (the country's fourth-largest ethnic group) comprising a substantial segment of the population in that area. Persons of different language backgrounds most commonly communicate in English, although knowledge of two or more Nigerian languages is widespread. Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo are the most widely used Nigerian languages. Nationality: Noun and adjectiveNigerian(s).

71. Al-Ahram Weekly | International | In Defence Of Whose Realm? Mobil has mainly Yoruba as top executives, while the igbo are said to monopolise The indigenous people of the Delta are further aggrieved because the http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/458/in1.htm

Al-Ahram Weekly 2 - 8 December 1999 Issue No. 458 Published in Cairo by AL-AHRAM established in 1875 Egypt Region International Economy ... Letters In defence of whose realm? By Gamal Nkrumah There is no greater irony in the entire post-Cold War scenario than the failure of strong American world-leadership to restore nerve and vigour to the developing world of the South. Indeed, many countries in the South are now not so much developing as stagnating, or even worse, declining. As they thus revert to pre-colonial conditions, they inevitably come to qualify as ripe for re-colonisation. In his recent broadside, The New Military Humanism, Noam Chomsky lays out for all to see the blatant and shameless hypocrisy of US intervention in trouble spots around the globe. The Americans have taken it upon themselves to be the stout-hearted trouble-shooters of this brave new world. Yet, argues Chomsky, their selectivity is nauseatingly Machiavellian. The thesis is immediately engaging, especially for those of us in the so-called Third World, for its refusal to apply itself to such red herrings as: Is socialism still relevant? Is the capitalist system in crisis? Is internationalism dead? Who cares? Well, we the wronged majority do. Africa observed the 12th annual World AIDS Day on 1 December with a terrible trepidation. The number of HIV-infected individuals on the continent now stands at a horrendous 22.5 million. On 9 July 1999, US Vice President Al Gore announced a new Clinton Administration initiative to address the global AIDS pandemic, specifically in Africa and India. Over 95 per cent of all HIV-infected individuals are in the South.

72. Guinea Coast, 1400-1600 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum The decentralized agrarian igbo peoples, who had settled in the area in the ninth African, Oceanic, and Ancient American Art Recent Acquisitions http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/08/sfg/ht08sfg.htm

See also Central Africa Eastern and Southern Africa and Western and Central Sudan The increase in size, centralization, and prosperity of the Owo and Benin kingdoms during this period is partially the result of their participation in trans-Saharan trade routes and trade with the Portuguese . Artistic production responds to refinements in metallurgic technologies and an intensified use of symbolic and ritualistic emblems of kingship. Artists of the Guinea coast are influenced aesthetically through contact with Islamic traders and the Portuguese, who often directly commission the carving of ivory objects. Additionally, the Akan (in what is now Ghana) develop an elaborate system of cast brass gold weights to measure the precious gold dust being traded to North Africa and then to Europe; the design of these gold weights is heavily influenced first by abstract Islamic visual motifs and later indigenous Akan aesthetics. The royal court of Benin is believed to have originated in the thirteenth century. According to Edo oral tradition, the kingdom was governed by the thirty-one "Rulers of the Sky," or Ogiso kings. The Ada ceremonial sword, which in contemporary Benin court ritual remains an important emblem of kingship, is believed to date to this period. Eweka I, who may have been from the neighboring Yoruba dynasty, is the first Benin oba (king), succeeding the Ogiso kings around 1300. Eweka's authority is undermined by conflict with autochthonous chiefs. Oba Ewedo of the kingdom of Benin reorganizes the

73. Arrow Of God the indigenous African people as Menchu s text idealizes the Guatemalans. Achebe s point is that the igbo people were in some way susceptible to http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/arrowofgod.html

Arrow of God Dialogues Notes Links Teaching ... Citations Arrow of God (1964) by Chinua Achebe, a political and cultural novel, is set in Nigeria in the early twentieth century when colonization by British government officials and Christian missionaries was well underway. In this novel two cultures confront their differences. Achebe portrays the disrupting effect an externally imposed power system (the British) has on an internally imposed power system (African tradition and customs). Conflicts within the Igbo society coupled with repercussions from external invasion result in disaster for the Igbo society which disintegrates from within and reorients itself to Christianity. This reorientation will lead not only to the assimilation of Western values and beliefs, but also to the eventual loss of the Igbo cultural identity. Arrow of God Structurally, Arrow of God begins en medias res Aware that he is punishing and hurting his people, Ezeulu likens himself to the arrow in the bow of Ulu. The people become divided between their loyalty to Ulu and their loyalty to the survival of the community. They begin to question the chief priest and ask that the custom be altered. While the people argue and starve, Ezeulu's son Obika dies suddenly while performing as Ogbazulobodo, the night spirit, in a ritual for a funeral. The people take Obika's death as a sign that Ulu had either chastised or abandoned his priest and "that no man however great was greater than his people; that no one ever won judgment against his clan" (230).

74. African American Review: History, Myth, And Revolt In Lorraine Hansberry's 'Les The bloody conflict was not called Mau Mau by the indigenous people. igbo is the language of the Ibo people, the third largest ethnic group in Nigeria http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2838/is_n2_v32/ai_21059956/pg_5

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles African American Review Summer 1998 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches African American women authors / Criticism, interpretation, etc. African American dramatists / Criticism, interpretation, etc. African Americans / Portrayals, depictions, etc. Political plays / Criticism, interpretation, etc. ... A Raisin in the Sun (Theater) / Criticism, interpretation, etc. Featured Titles for ASA News ASEE Prism Academe African American Review ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports History, myth, and revolt in Lorraine Hansberry's 'Les Blancs.' - drama by African American woman author African American Review Summer, 1998 by Philip Uko Effiong Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it.

75. African Folktales - Books, Journals, Articles @ The Questia Online Library A Study of igbo Folktales . Owerri Pen Paper Abiola. The African Experiencein Literature Subjects, indigenous peoplesMyths and legends . http://www.questia.com/search/african-folktales

Questia The World's Largest Online Library Primary Navigation Skip Home Page Search Page Read Page ... Subscribe Page Secondary Navigation Skip About Questia Subscribe Requirements ... Login Search the Library: Advanced Search Put exact phrases in quotes Search within Results by media type: Books Journals Magazines Newspapers Encyclopedia Research Topics We searched for: african AND folktales we found: results by media type: books: journal articles: magazine articles: newspaper articles: encyclopedia articles: Research Topics on: african folktales List All Research Topics African Folklore African-American Folklore books on: african folktales - 1366 results More book Results: The Black Cloth: A Collection of African Folktales Book by Karen C. Hatch ; University of Massachusetts Press, 1987 Subjects: FolkloreAfricaFiction TalesAfrica ...CLOTH A Collection of African Folktales Bernard Binlin Dadie...trickster so common in West African folktales . Like most folktales , those...Patterson sions. Like many other African folktales , their content is often didactic... Myths, Legends, and Folktales of America: An Anthology

76. Africa Languages Religion Yoruba, Hause, and igbo are some of the nearly 400 native languages of Nigeria . In some parts of North africa, however, people are multilingual and http://www.africanculturalcenter.org/5_3languages_religion.html

Languages: More than 1,000 different languages are spoken in Africa. Although most countries in Eastern and Southern Africa have adopted colonial European languages for official government business, most people speak indigenous or local languages. In Namibia, people may speak English, Afrikaans, German, Oshivambo, Herero, or Nama. In Tanzania, people can speak English or Swahili. Due to their colonial pasts, the majority of the countries in West Africa have adopted French, English, Spanish, or Portuguese as national languages. The majority of each countries' inhabitants, however, also speak one or more indigenous languages. Cameroonians may speak one or more of 24 different languages, in addition to French or English. Yoruba, Hause, and Igbo are some of the nearly 400 native languages of Nigeria. Most people in the North African countries speak Arabic and follow Islam . In some parts of North Africa, however, people are multilingual and speak several languages. For example, the official languages of Chad and Djibouti are Arabic and French.

77. BNW News Biafra Nigeria World News Pride Of Africa Biafra Biafra, Nigeria, africa, World, News, Forums, Magazine, Message Board, NigeriaBiafra,Hausa, widely accepted as the indigenous people of Botswana. http://news.biafranigeriaworld.com/archive/2004/jul/11/020.html

78. ETHNOMEDICINAL ASPECTS OF PLANTS USED AS SPICES AND CONDIMENTS IN THE NIGER DELT The studies indicate that the indigenous people have also developed African.pepper,. Guinea pepper. Bini unien; Ibibio/Efik–. atta; igbo - uda http://www.siu.edu/~ebl/leaflets/niger.htm

ETHNOMEDICINAL ASPECTS OF PLANTS USED AS SPICES AND CONDIMENTS IN THE NIGER DELTA AREA OF NIGERIA Ndukwu , B.C. and Ben- Nwadibia , N.B. Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology University of Port Harcourt P.M.B Port Harcourt Nigeria Email: ndukwu_3@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The ethnomedicinal applications of the plant species used primarily as spices and condiments among the indigenous peoples of the Niger Delta area of Nigeria were examined. A total of 24 species belonging to 10 different families were found to have varying applications in ethnobotany and ethnomedicine. The studies indicate that the indigenous people have also developed different methods for collecting, processing, using and conserving these valuable plants and/or their products. The contributions of this study towards the understanding, documentation and safeguarding of indigenous knowledge and use of plants are discussed. Keywords: Ethnobotany, Ethnomedicine, spices, condiments, indigenous knowledge. INTRODUCTION Spices and condiments are products of plants, which are mostly used for seasoning, flavouring and thus enhancing the taste of foods, beaverages and drugs (Parry 1969;

79. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Nigeria - People Facts And Figures Demographic information and statistics on the people of Nigeria. Languages,English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, igbo (Ibo), Fulani http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/ni/Nigeria_people.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Nigeria (Facts) Nigeria - People (Facts) Population: note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.4% (male 29,985,427; female 29,637,684) 15-64 years: 53.7% (male 37,502,756; female 36,205,442) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 1,944,260; female 1,977,564) (2004 est.) Population growth rate: 2.45% (2004 est.) Birth rate: 38.24 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate: 13.99 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate: 0.26 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) Sex ratio: at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.98 male(s)/female total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

80. Llewellyn Journal - Out Of Africa: How-to Use Stones, Minerals And Metals For A The Mande people of africa see blacksmiths and spirits as being colleagues. traditions of indigenous people around the world with a focus on africa. http://www.llewellynjournal.com/article/507

journal home article topics list of articles mission statement ... bookstore Book Search: Out of Africa: How-to Use Stones, Minerals and Metals for a Charmed Life Date: By: Stephanie Rose Bird print send to a friend Ashe African shamans, warriors, hunters, and healers all employ the power of ashe to accomplish the task at hand. There is a venerable history that is not very prominent in general literature about the deft skill with which these specialized members of the community combine sticks, stones, roots, bones, and minerals to capture and direct power. The names of these skilled professionals vary from culture to culture. The goal is to capitalize off the synergy generated from bringing together disparate parts together to create a single more powerful unit. The parts are usually organic, but minerals, stones, and metals are also combined with herbs, roots, and flowers to heal, protect, assure success, and attract prosperity. This article is an excerpt from my new Llewellyn book, Sticks, Stones, Roots and Bones: Hoodoo Rootwork for a New Age. This article focuses on ways to harness the powers of the universe inherent in stone, metal, and minerals called ashe. My approach is historical and folkloric with practical applications. Remedies are treated as folklore and should never replace professional help. Since magic is drawn from within, I can give no guarantee concerning the efficacy of rituals or recipes presented. The missing ingredients are your personal powers, focus, and intent.

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