21. African Anarchism - Chapter Three Black Red africa pic Zabalaza header Black Red africa pic the Birom,Angas, idoma, Ekoi, Nbembe, the Niger Delta peoples, the Tiv (Nigeria), http://www.zabalaza.net/texts/african_anarchism/ch3.htm

A Website Dedicated to Southern African Anarchism Chapter Three: Anarchistic Precedents in Africa Continental Africa covers about 11,500,000 square miles, running from the Mediterranean Sea to the Cape of Good Hope, and from the Western Bulge (Senegal) to the Eastern Horn (Somalia), together with the offshore islands of Cape Verde, Fernando Po, Madagascar, Mauritius, Zanzibar, the Comoros, and others. The territory that lies between the Sahara Desert and the tropical rain forest is the home of a variety of peoples. Between Senegal and Gambia live the Wolor and Tukulor, while between Gambia and the River Niger Valley live the Soninke, Mandigo, Khran, Tuareg, Ashanti, Banbara, and Djula. The Songhai dominate the middle Niger area, and the Masai inhabit the Upper Volta basin. Across the river in what is presently north-western and north-central Nigeria live the Hausa-Fulani, while the Kanuri live in the northeast. Further south and spreading toward the east one finds the Igbo, Yoruba, Gikuyu, Luo, Shona, Ndebele, Xhosa, Bantu, Zulu, etc. To the north of the Sahara lie Egypt and the Maghredb region, which are peopled by African Arabs and Berbers.

22. Indigenous Fine Arts Antiques Directory Currency in subSaharan africa could assume numerous forms. A fine and large,twisted and hammered iron trade piece from the idoma people of Nigeria. http://www.indigenousfinearts.com/catalog/Antiques.html

Home Catalogue : Antiques detailed search Decorative Art Folk Art Regional Art ... Artifacts Pre 1900 item# 449165 (stock# M307) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts Truly an excellent example of the metal trade 'currency' used in sub-Saharan Africa before the widespread acceptance of European denominations. Created from iron, this design takes its inspiration from a hoe or spade used by farmers. Solely created to make major purchases (i.e.livestock, a bride, freedom for someone etc.),it could be melted down or reformed for other usage. Cameroon/Nigeria, ca. 19th century. In fine condition. 17.50"H. Catalogue Antiques Regional Art Asian ... Scholar Art Pre 1700 item# 447519 (stock# C268) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts This shale-like rock was caressed by wind and water for thousands of years. It was recognized sometime during the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368-1644)by a member of the Chinese literati for its sculptural quality. Resembling a miniature landscape or tree, this stone was once part of the furniture in a scholar's room. A custom-made, lacquered wood base was recreated for the object, ca. early 20th c. In very fine condition, it measures 18"L x 7.75"H. Yungar Iron Dance Bell Currency Catalogue Antiques Regional Art ... Artifacts Pre 1920 item# 410988 (stock# Y89) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts This fine, iron, dance bell was used in musical performance during masquerades and other festivities, but also doubled as a valuable trade item. Currency in sub-Saharan Africa could assume numerous forms. All that mattered was the material. In this case-iron, able to be melted down and turned into farming implements, weaponry, or jewelry. From Nigeria. Early 20th century. 22"H x 8"W. In fine condition.

23. NigerianMuse | SNCProject the United Nations Permanent Forum on indigenous peoples to intimate the The Nupe, idoma, Gwari, Igala, Ibibio, Edo, Ebura and Jukun are expected to http://www.nigerianmuse.com/projects/SNCProject/?u=Inside_Pronaco_camp_Ndiribe.h

24. African Studies Center | Publications | Index Becoming indigenous in africa The Globalization of Maasai and Barabaig EthnicIdentities, Killer Chill Poems for the South african peoples Struggle, http://www.bu.edu/africa/publications/index/indextopic.html

CENTER PUBLICATIONS BY MAJOR TOPIC Agriculture Arts/Art History Development Diaspora ... Women And Gender African Studies Center publications series listed here are intended to highlight the research of scholars affiliated with Boston University or the work of other scholars presented at Boston University. Note: These entries are listed alphabetically by title within each topic Explanation of code numbers (used for ordering): AH WP, and AAIC refer to article-length papers in Discussion Papers in the African Humanities (AH), Working Papers of the African Studies Center (WP), and African-American Issues Center Papers (AAIC). ARS refers to a paperback monograph in the African Research Studies. AFDOC refers to a book in the African Historical Documents series.

25. African Studies Center | Publications | Index Becoming indigenous in africa The Globalization of Maasai and Barabaig Ethnic Art in History, History in Art The idoma Ancestral Masquerade as http://www.bu.edu/africa/publications/index/indexauthor.html

CENTER PUBLICATIONS BY AUTHOR A B C D ... Z African Studies Center publications series listed here are intended to highlight the research of scholars affiliated with Boston University or the work of other scholars presented at Boston University. Explanation of code numbers (used for ordering): AH ILE WP, and AAIC refer to article-length papers in Discussion Papers in the African Humanities ( AH ), Working Papers of the African Studies Center ( WP ), Issues in Language Education ( ILE ), and African-American Issues Center Papers (AAIC). ARS refers to a paperback monograph in the African Research Studies. AFDOC refers to a book in the African Historical Documents series. BUPA refers to an edited book in the series Boston University Papers on Africa. A Adam, Hussein M. 1993. Militarism and Warlordism: Rethinking the Somali Political Experience

26. Igbo Net Ahiajoku Lecture Series The 2000 Ahiajoku Lecture, CA the Cross River and the Niger Delta and beyond to Urhobo, Idah and idoma. peoples and empires of West africa. In West africa in history 10001800 http://ahiajoku.igbonet.com/2000/

27. Yorubabib.rtf The use of linguistic and ethnographic data in the study of idoma and Yorubahistory , Yorubaspeaking peoples in Dahomey , africa, 17 (2) 122-9. http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/YorubaT/yorubabib.html

Bibliography Abaelu, J.N. and H.I. Cook. Wages of Unskilled Workers in Agriculture and some Characteristics of the Farm Labour Market in the Western State of Nigeria, Ile-Ife, University of Ife Press. Abdul, M.O.A. 1967. 'Islam in Ijebu Ode', M.A. dissertation, McGill University, Montreal. 1970. 'Yoruba divination and Islam', Orita, Abernethy, D.B. The Political Dilemma of Popular Education: an African Case, Stanford, Stanford University Press. Abimb o la, W. 1973. 'The Yoruba concept of human personality', in La Notion de Personne en Afrique Noire, Paris, CNRS. Adegb o la, O. 1972. 'The Impact of Migration on the Rural Economy of Oshun Division of Western State', Ph.D. dissertation, Ibadan University. Adejuyigbe, O. 1972. 'Reorganisation of local government councils in Western Nigeria', Quarterly Journal of Administration, Adep o ju, A. 1974. 'Rural-urban socio-economic links: the example of migrants in south west Nigeria', in S. Amin (ed.), Modern Migrations in West Africa, London, Oxford University Press. Adetugb o , A.

28. Center For African And African American Studies The people were displaced and forced to live as refugees in other kingdoms.6 Toyin Falola, Yoruba Gurus indigenous Production of Knowledge in africa http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/caaas/events/past_event/goto/events/dt_alao_1-2

Jester Center A232A; Austin, TX 78705 :: (512) 471-1784 Fax (512) 471-1798 Main Menu Home About the Center Undergraduate Program Africa Program ... Site Map Upcoming Events Brazil: Race and Politics in the Americas September 16th from 9-5 pm The Pork Chop Wars September 18th @ 2 pm Coming soon: Fall 2005 Event Calendar! Calendar of Events Current Events Past Events Conferences News ... News Archives YORUBA: AN ENDURING LEGACY AKIN ALAO CENTER FOR AFRICAN AND AFRICAN –AMERICAN STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN. Friday, January 24, 2003 ::Jump to Footnotes:: Preliminary statements on the Yoruba The Yoruba as an ethnic and cultural group is one of the most researched ethnic groups in the world. By 1976, the available literature on the Yoruba, despite many omissions, numbered 3,488 items, an unrivalled feat in sub-Saharan Africa. A Yoruba civilization with a set of ideas, values, practices, philosophical thought, beliefs, traditions, institutions, material goods and technologies is well established and never in doubt. Concrete historical realities show that the Yoruba possess a rich civilization that is comparable with other civilizations of the world. The major aspects of this culture are expressed in visible attributes and in sublime values. The material culture is exhibited in commerce, manufacturing technology, arts and crafts and of course music and dance. Yoruba values are best seen in respect for elders and constituted authorities, honesty, integrity, diligence and a profound religious belief system.

29. African Lesson Plans 1998 The people of western and central africa whose art is represented in the objects Prominent groups in the area include the Ibo, Ibibio, idoma, Ijo, http://www.umfa.utah.edu/index.php?id=MTIz

30. Operation World: Nigeria - Detailed Information a) The african indigenous ‘spiritual’ churches have multiplied a) TheFulani (Fulbe) are a strategic people right across africa and are also black http://nema.gospelcom.net/ow_nigeria/owtext.html

Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria August 30-September 2 Africa Home Wel com e ... Mission Opportunity Operation World click to enlarge GEOGRAPHY Area 923,768 sq.km. Mangrove and tropical rain forests in the south, savannah and grasslands in the north. The country is drained by the Niger-Benue river systems. Population Ann.Gr. Density 121 per sq. km. 150 per sq. km. 198 per sq. km. Africa’s most populous nation. Census figures have in the past been manipulated for religious or political advantage by the ruling Muslim elite. The figures of the 1991 census have been widely accepted. Capital Abuja 500,000. Other major cities: Lagos 5 mill.; Ibadan 1.7m; Kano 1.5m; Port Harcourt 1.2m; Kaduna 1m; Enugu 900,000; Jos 650,000. Urbanites 44%. Neglect of agriculture has accelerated urban migration. PEOPLES Over 490 ethnic groups. The triangular rivalry between the Hausa/Fulani, Yoruba and Igbo have dominated Nigerian politics since independence. Guinean 49.5%. Mainly across south and centre. Over 70 peoples, mostly Christian, some Muslim. Yoruba 20.3mill.; Igbo (Ibo) 19.9m; Edo 1.1m; Nupe 1.1m; Ijaw(4) 970,000; Igala 891,000; Idoma(4) 800,000; Igbirra 660,000; Urhobo 608,000; Isekiri 557,000; Isoko 423,000; Gbari 409,000; Esan 357,000; Izi 357,000; Ewe 340,000; Ezaa 322,000. Hausa-Chadic 20.6%. Mainly in north. Though over 25% of all people speak Hausa, many who embrace Islam switch to Hausa. Over 100 peoples, majority are Muslim. Hausa 23m.

31. THISDAYonline One, because it is the largest spoken mother tongue language in africa. We live in a world where every Yoruba, Hausa, Ibo, or idoma, is speaking http://www.thisdayonline.com/archive/2003/06/23/20030623art01.html

Keyboard for Africa's Largest Spoken Mother Tongue Though, global communications explosion plays a major role in the gradual yet steady extinction of languages, projects like the Yoruba Keyboard Project undertaken by African Languages Technology Initiative (Alt-I), winner of this year's IICD Award on Local Content Applications are taking advantage of information technology to rescue Africa's drowning languages writes Tunde Okoli The seeming preponderance of tiny language communities in contemporary times points to the fact that majority of the world's languages are vulnerable and may not just decline, but vanish into extinction. A recent study established that most human languages today, are spoken by exceedingly few people. In fact, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) raised alarm that majority, of languages will soon vanish. The organisation backed its claim up with scary statistics. It said, over 50 percent of the world's 6000 languages are endangered; 96 percent of the world's 6000 languages are spoken by four percent of the world's population; 90 percent of the world's languages are not represented on the Internet and that one language is disappearing on average every two weeks. Studies have identified some of the forces which make for language loss to include: the impacts of rapid growth in urbanization, Westernization and global communications, all serving to diminish the self-sufficiency and self-confidence of small and traditional communities. This is aside the fact that discriminatory policies, and population movements are also taking their toll of languages. Post-modern linguists are of the opinion that languages are being lost, because we now live in a world that is fast contracting to a tiny global village. A world where a defined identity is what makes a man, nation, or race. A world where everyman, community, nation or race need a strong presence in the world's information superhighway to remain in sight.

32. African Languages - What Is Black? What Does Being Black Mean To You? - Welcome almost half of the 700 million indigenous/black Africans is somewhere between 130 140 million people, with about million, Ebira 1 million and idoma .9 million http://www.blackchat.co.uk/theblackforum/forum9/4277-2.html

Search Login Register Members ... Home Search by username The Black Forum 2 - The Blacknet Village Welcome to The Black Forum - The Blacknet Village What is Black? What does Being Black mean to you? African Languages Moderated by: safetyblitz Raven Miss Brighter Days LadyDay ... Print Author Post Ijexa Member Joined: Tuesday September 2nd, 2003 Location: London United Kingdom Posts: Mana: Lock onto the Village Radio Posted: Sunday November 21st, 2004 14:29 Quote Reply @All Hmmmmmmm...? Deliberately held off from contributing to this thread... ***Shakes head*** But... rather than post a whole heap of garbage just regurgitating the views and opinions that have been previously posted... Here's an excerpt from a thread I previous posted to on the EPN... posted Sun July 20 2003 11:57 "...@Twang Okay... slight rewind here... agree with your statements... However... the only difference I would have is in terms of what Voo has posted... namely that there isn't really a need for a Pan-African language as such... especially if it is at the expense of local/regional languages/dialects... It would be incredibly easy to build on the multi-lingual components of African society by simply incorporating it into the educational system in a way that promotes inter-group communication across the entire continent...

33. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles Country Code NI. Continent africa. Region africa. 10/40 Window No. People. SubmitUpdate People Name This Country GamoNingi. People Name General Gamo-Ningi http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rop3=103178&rog3=NI

34. Joshua Project - Peoples By Country Profiles Ethnic Tree. Affinity Bloc SubSaharan African. People Name General Bade. 100+Fellowshipping Believers Yes, At least 100 indigenous believers in one or more http://www.joshuaproject.net/peopctry.php?rog3=NI&rop3=100710

35. Arewa-online IFA The indigenous Faith of africa Yoruba Nigerian Galleria Festival ofOgun Yoruba, african Culture it s Derivatives has many links that are http://www.arewa-online.com/culture.html

INVESTMENT NIGERIA GOVERNMENT STATES ... CULTURE CULTURE Travelling to Nigeria Hotels In Nigeria Travelling in Nigeria Map Of Nigeria ... Local (Other) Chambers of Commerce NCBTC took part in Trade Mission to Africa. ..read more Traditional music director e-Government - What is it? FORUM FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE BETWEEN CANADA AND NIGERIA CATEGORIES The Yorubas The Hausas The Igbos The Urhobos ... The President History (Sites open in a separate window) History Military Economy Niger Coast Protectorate ... Photo Archive RELIGION To most Nigerians, religion and faith are important aspects of everyday life. It controls the laws, how you think and act, what you believe, what you value, and more. The religions in Nigeria are roughly 36% Christian, 56% Muslim, and about 8% 'everything else', including traditional religions and beliefs. TRADITIONAL There are a number of different traditional religions available. They usually are specific to the different ethnic groups, and the deities are usually the gods and goddesses that the ethnic group believes in, and each ethnic group had a shrine dedicated to the deities that it believed in. The deities ranged from those who created the earth, to those who offer divine protection and/or blessings to it's worshippers, to those who had control over certain aspects of the world (like weather or war), to spirits that can be somewhat controlled by human beings. Most of these religions did not have written documentation of their beliefs and practices, but they did rely on a priest to teach them and to intervene on their behalf, and the priests were usually very highly trained for this, to the extent of being raised for this task sometimes.

36. Africa Book Centre Ltd History A comprehensive history of Nigeria s diverse people produced by the Historical THE idoma NATIONALITY 16001900 Problems of Studying the Origin and http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/History_Nigeria.html

Quick search Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION Nigeria History 2002 Paperback 2002 Paperback 2003 DELAY Paperback 2001 hardback 2002 Paperback 2002 Hardback A CHRONICLE OF GRAND BONNY 2001 Paperback CULTURAL HISTORY OF THE UNEME FROM EARLIEST TIMES TO 1962 2003 Hardback 1999 Paperback 2003 Paperback GROUNDWORK OF NIGERIAN HISTORY 2001 1980 Paperback 2001 hardback THE HISTORY OF POLITICAL CHANGE AMONG THE TIV IN THE 19TH AND 20TH CENTURIES 1994 Paperback 1999 1989 Paperback 2003 1991 Paperback 2003 1991 Paperback 1981 Paperback 2002 Paperback IN AND OUT OF AFRICA 2002 Paperback 1997 Paperback ISSUES IN HISTORIOGRAPHY 2002 Paperback 1999 Paperback 2002 Paperback 2002 Paperback NIGERIA IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 2002 Hardback 2000 Paperback 2002 Hardback THE NIGERIAN REVOLUTION AND THE BIAFRAN WAR 2002 Paperback 2004 0325070407 Paperback 2002 Paperback 2002 Paperback 2002 Paperback 2001 paperback 2004 9783612271 Paperback 2004 Paperback 2002 Hardback 2002 Paperback 2003 Paperback Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION Nigeria History

37. Indigenous Fine Arts Antiques,Regional Art,African Directory indigenous Fine Arts, africa, Asia, the Americas Home A large, hammeredmoney piece from DR Congo, made by the Mbole people. Abstract, metal forms had http://www.indigenousfinearts.com/catalog/Antiques:Regional_Art:African.html

Home Catalogue Antiques Regional Art : African detailed search Artifacts Sculpture Weapons ... Artifacts Pre 1900 item# 449165 (stock# M307) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts Truly an excellent example of the metal trade 'currency' used in sub-Saharan Africa before the widespread acceptance of European denominations. Created from iron, this design takes its inspiration from a hoe or spade used by farmers. Solely created to make major purchases (i.e.livestock, a bride, freedom for someone etc.),it could be melted down or reformed for other usage. Cameroon/Nigeria, ca. 19th century. In fine condition. 17.50"H. Yungar Iron Dance Bell Currency Catalogue Antiques Regional Art ... Artifacts Pre 1920 item# 410988 (stock# Y89) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts This fine, iron, dance bell was used in musical performance during masquerades and other festivities, but also doubled as a valuable trade item. Currency in sub-Saharan Africa could assume numerous forms. All that mattered was the material. In this case-iron, able to be melted down and turned into farming implements, weaponry, or jewelry. From Nigeria. Early 20th century. 22"H x 8"W. In fine condition. Catalogue Antiques Regional Art African ... Artifacts Pre 1910 item# 410943 (stock# F20) click for details Indigenous Fine Arts The subtle form made from imported European iron, as evidenced from its heavily oxidized surface. It resembles a feather plume in shape. Large, abstractly-shaped metal 'money' was the method of major payment throughout sub-Saharan Africa prior to complete Westernization of the various native peoples. From Gabon/Cameroon, circa 1900. 16"H. In very fine condition.

38. LANGRTS Moreover, the widespread immigration often overwhelmed indigenous people, The consequence has been that unlike africa and Asia, where indigenous http://www.languageandlaw.org/LANGRTS.HTM

LANGUAGE RIGHTS, BILINGUALISM, AND OFFICIAL ENGLISH [This material may be used for educational or academic purposes if cited or referred to as: Peter Tiersma, Language Rights, Bilingualism, and Official English , http://www.languageandlaw.org/LANGRTS.HTM] Back to LANGUAGEandLAW.org What is Bilingualism? The term bilingual (or multilingual) can be used in various ways. In reference to an individual, it generally means someone who speaks two languages (or more, in the case of a multilingual person). When used in reference to groups of people or countries, it may describe a situation where people speaking different languages live in the same political or social unit. Obviously, this situation exists around the world. Examples of officially bilingual countries are Canada and Belgium. Multilingual contries include Singapore, South Africa, and Switzerland. As a result, we can say that a person is bilingual (speaks two languages) or is multilingual (speaks multiple languages, also called polygolt). Or we can say that a country is bilingual or multilingual. There have been a number of studies on bilingual people by various linguists and other social scientists. I will focus here on some of the legal issues presented by bilingualism. Bilingualism Around the World Like Sweden, almost all western European nations are linguistically diverse not just because of recent immigration; most contain indigenous minorities as well. Great Britain, for instance, has remnants of Celtic languages which were once spoken throughout the British isles: Scottish, Welsh, and Irish Gaelic, as well as Cornish and Manx, which are severely threatened or have died out in relatively recent times. Germany has a Sorbian (or Wendish) speaking minority in the east, and Frisian speakers in the north (Frisian is closely related to English). The Netherlands, whose official language is Dutch, also has around half a million Frisian speakers. Both Germany and the Netherlands have substantial immigrant communities, who speak eastern and southern European, as well as north African, languages.

39. Title MIDWEEK ESSAY In Praise of “Zik of africa ” On His 100th Birthday Although theIbo peoples constitute no more than 17 percent of the total population http://www.nigerianmuse.com/essays/Zik_birthday_posthumous.htm

MIDWEEK ESSAY: In Praise of “Zik of Africa ” On His 100 th Birthday (Posthumously) By Mobolaji E. Aluko alukome@comcast.net Burtonsville MD USA November 16, 2004 INTRODUCTION If Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe had been alive today, he would have turned 100 on this blessed day of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Posthumous birthday felicitations to him! So I use the occasion to rise to toast Zik and once again reflect on him – on his contribution to Nigeria , but particularly to the Igbos, right from when Zik allegedly stowed away to the United States in 1925, returned to Africa in 1934 and to Nigeria in 1937, and became Nigeria ’s first indigenous Governor-General in 1960, and its first (non-executive) President in 1963. I fully assert that next to God Almighty himself, Zik gave the Igbos the self-esteem that they rightly have today, for without Zik's personal assertiveness and inspiration in education, I fear that the Igbos would not be where they were today! God may have raised some body else up for the Igbos, but He chose to raise Zik up, and Zik did a darn good job of it. THE EARLY YEARS I will begin by "cutting and pasting" a little. While reading, please recall that Zik was born in 1904 and Obafemi Awolowo in 1909, to give context to the chronological and cultural milieu into which they were both born: they are both inextricably tied up with each other in the context of

40. The Great Commission And The Languages Group, Location, Religion, People. New Guinea, Central africa, , Maluku, South AmericanIndigenous, Tohono O Fanti, Ga, Adangme, Fon, Edo, Urhobo, idoma, Nupe, Agni http://teachinghearts.org/dre82language.html

Teachinghearts The Challenge of the Great Commission "Explore the Word. Change the World" Statistics: Time: 80 minutes Print: 22 pages 28 pages (Landscape) The Mission The Message Prophecy Lesson Studies Introduction to Prophecy Christ - The Messiah The Last World Empires ... 2004 - Year of World Evangelism In the Great Commission and in the prophecies, Jesus said that "the gospel must be preached in all the world as a witness to all nations - and then the end will come". Matthew 24: 14; Matthew 28: 19 In the last days, prophecy predicts the spread of this gospel. And I saw another angel flying in midheaven, having an eternal gospel to preach to those who live on the earth, and to every nation and tribe and tongue and people. - Revelation 14: 6. We have several barriers to meeting this challenge. But God is providing a way to meet them. Language - With over 6,500 languages the task seems impossible. Each aspect of a language poses a unique set of problems. This confines us to producing material by population size. Spoken Language - There is a problem with dialects, pronounciation and the availability of qualified people to teach the gospel. Also, a single written word can have several meanings depending on the tone used to pronounce the word.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 2     21-40 of 86    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5  | Next 20