81. Hydropower Connecticut The Energy Advocate Solar Fraud hydropower The source of energy. The formula. Connecticut as example. Niagara Falls produces about 2000 MW of electricity. Why don t we use more hydropower http://www.energyadvocate.com/hydro.htm

Hydropower Putting gravity to work Hydropower The source of Energy The formula Connecticut as example Niagara Falls produces about 2000 MW of electricity. Why don't we use more hydropower in Connecticut, for example? Water behind a dam has energy by virtue of being at high elevation. One kilogram has 9.8 joules of energy for every meter of elevation it has. A hydroelectric power plant uses that energy to turn a turbine, thereby to generate electricity. The power available depends upon how high the dam is, and how much water flows. The power available from a hydroelectric plant operating at about 85% efficiency can be calculated from P (watts) = 8300 dam height (meters) flow rate (cubic meters per second) The average year in Connecticut brings us about 1.1 meters of precipitation. The land area of Connecticut is 5000 square miles, which is square meters. The total volume of water falling on Connecticut in one year is about million cubic meters. This amounts to 450 cubic meters per second. If we could use all of the water falling on the state, and we had a 200-foot dam (61 meters) to hold the water, we could get about 230 MW out of it, which is less than 10% of the Connecticut demand for electrical power. The Mayors of New Haven, Bridgeport, and most other major Connecticut cities might object to having their cities under water. So might environmentalists. The Solar Fraud discusses hydropower.

82. Hydropower Technologies The Latest News And Information On Renewable energy And energy Efficiency Technologies From The Sustainable energy Coailtion. http://www.sustainableenergy.org/resources/technologies/hydropower.htm

Hydropower Technologies Hydropower is a clean, renewable and reliable energy source which converts kinetic energy from falling water into electricity, without consuming more water than is produced by nature. How does it work? Benefits of hydropower Hydropower is abundant is renewable. It makes use of the hydrological cycle that consists of a never-ending, timeless cycle of evaporation and precipitation. is clean. It produces zero emissions in the generation of electricity and, in its use, we avoid burning additional carbon-based fossil fuels. is reliable It is a fast, flexible and firm generation source that helps maintain the reliability of the electric grid. is inexpensive In the U.S., hydropower is produced for an average of $7 per megawatt-hour (MWh) or about one-third the cost of using fossil or nuclear fuels and less than one-sixth the cost of using natural gas. provides recreational opportunities The 2000-plus federally licensed hydropower projects provided two and a half times as many recreation days as all the U.S. national forest trails put together and eight times as many recreation days as Yosemite and Yellowstone Park combined. Projects provide a variety of water-based recreation, including fishing, water sports, boating, water fowl hunting, and whitewater sports.

83. EPA - Clean Energy - Electricity From Hydropower The US Environmental Protection Agency s Clean energy Programs are designed to improve the national foundation of information on clean energy by creating http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/hydro.htm

Clean Energy Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Clean Energy Impacts CLEAN ENERGY HOME ... SITE MAP Electricity from Hydropower Hydropower is considered a renewable energy resource because it uses the Earth's water cycle to generate electricity. Water evaporates from the Earth's surface, forms clouds, precipitates back to earth, and flows toward the ocean. The movement of water as it flows downstream creates kinetic energy that can be converted into electricity. A hydroelectric power plant converts this energy into electricity by forcing water, often held at a dam, through a hydraulic turbine that is connected to a generator. The water exits the turbine and is returned to a stream or riverbed below the dam. Environmental Impacts of: Natural Gas Coal Oil Municipal Solid Waste ... Nuclear Energy Hydropower is mostly dependent upon precipitation and elevation changes; high precipitation levels and large elevation changes are necessary to generate significant quantities of electricity. Therefore, an area such as the mountainous Pacific Northwest has more productive hydropower plants than an area such as the Gulf Coast, which might have large amounts of precipitation but is comparatively flat. Environmental Impacts Although hydropower has no air quality impacts, construction and operation of hydropower dams can significantly affect natural river systems as well as fish and wildlife populations. Assessment of the environmental impacts of a specific hydropower facility requires case-by-case review.

84. Small Hydro Small hydropower Systems. Hydroelectric power stations capture the energy in flowing water to produce electricity. Small hydro-electric generating systems http://solstice.crest.org/renewables/re-kiosk/hydro/index.shtml

Small Hydropower Systems Hydro-electric power stations capture the energy in flowing water to produce electricity. Small hydro-electric generating systems provide clean, cheap electricity for local applications.

85. Nearctica - Environment - Reneweable Energy - Hydroelectricity Return to Renewable energy Resources Main Page. Office of hydropower Licensing. Federal energy Regulatory Commission. This site contains information about http://www.nearctica.com/environ/renew/hydro.htm

Reneweable Energy - Hydroelectricity Special Segments Butterflies of North America Conifers of North America Eastern Birds List of N.A. Insects Home Eastern Wildflowers General Topics Natural History Ecology Family Environment Evolution Home Education Home Conservation Geophysics Paleontology Commercial Organizations Return to Renewable Energy Resources Main Page Office of Hydropower Licensing . Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. This site contains information about the licensing of hydroelectric facilities and dam safety inspections. Hydroelectric Design Center . U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The HDC is concerned with the engineering aspects of hydroelectric power. The site has the usual information about its organization, but also contains some information about the history of hydropower and the equipment necessary to make electricity. Hydropower Program . U.S. Department of Energy. This site contains some basic information about hydropower, how it is used, and its benefits. You'll also find extensive information on current research and development, and annotated bibliography of publications on hydropower, and links to other hydropower sites on the web. Hydro-Electric Power . Energy Fact Sheets. A good introduction to hydroelectric power including its history and basic operating principles. The site also discusses the environmental impacts of hydroelectric power and the future of its development.

86. Beaver Dams Inspire Fish-Friendly Hydropower Design the Schneider s proprietary hydropower technology harnesses the energy of just as hydropower deals with fluid flow, or fluid energy, Abe explained. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/07/0715_050715_hydrobeaver.html

Site Index Subscribe Shop Search Top 15 Most Popular Stories NEWS Front Page Environment Health Offbeat ... Video in the News SPECIAL SERIES The Genographic Project Pulse of the Planet National Geographic Channel RESOURCES (What's this?) Contact Us Front Page Pulse of the Planet Beaver Dams Inspire Fish-Friendly Hydropower Design John Roach National Geographic News July 15, 2005 Engineers with NatEl America, a Grapevine, Texas-based renewable energy company, have developed a new way to generate electricity using the dimensions of a beaver dam and the physics of fixed-wing aircraft. "We need to figure out how to live with the acceleration [of water] due to gravity in a fashion which is comparable to how beavers have done that," said NatEl America's president, Daniel Schneider. Beaver dams usually stand no more than ten feet (three meters) tall and integrate a series of steps into the slope. This is a height and design surmountable by migrating fish, Schneider said. The dams are also a natural part of the environment in many parts of the world. In contrast, conventional hydropower technologies often rely on the construction of tall dams that flood the area behind them. This displaces animals and people, and it degrades the surrounding ecosystem, said Abe Schneider, Daniel's son and the company's vice president of engineering.

87. American Rivers: Energy Bill's Hydropower Title Is Bad News For Rivers Click here for a fact sheet on the energy Bill s harmful hydropower provision (Word doc) The energy Bill s “hydropower title undermines basic American http://www.americanrivers.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AMR_hydrotitle

88. IEA Technology Public Awareness of hydropower The purpose is to increase global understanding future rolls and importance of hydropower in the global energy portfolio. http://www.iea.org/textbase/techno/iaresults.asp?Ia=Hydropower

89. THE GREENENERGY WEBSITE - Hydropower Any hydropower technology turns the potential or kinetic energy of the water into energy by means of a turbine. Turbines either use water dropped from http://www.nef.org.uk/greenenergy/hydro.htm

HOME SERVICES ENERGY ADVICE ABOUT US ... LINKS SEARCH: THE GREENENERGY WEBSITE Overview Solar Energy Wind Power Hydropower ... Geothermal Other NEF websites: Hydropower The energy potential of moving water has been harnessed for thousands of years, originally using water wheels to drive mills and machinery. Hydropower currently produces 2% of the UK electricity needs. Whilst most of this comes from large dam projects installed many years ago, there is still an untapped small hydropower potential in certain parts of the UK. Aberdulais falls, Neath, Glamorgan Courtesy of DTI New and Renewable Energy Slide Library Small-scale hydropower has been used in this country and abroad from the earliest times of electricity generation. Sluices and dams of old mills were used to generate a few thousand watts locally. These systems died out with the introduction of large national distribution schemes. Now, small "micro hydro" is being looked at seriously again, with improvements in small generator technology, it is now quite feasible to produce a few tens of kilowatts of electricity form even with the lowest water "heads" of 2 - 3 metres. It is estimated that there is potential in the UK for about 200 MW of installed capacity at this level. Any hydropower technology turns the potential or kinetic energy of the water into energy by means of a turbine. Turbines either use water "dropped" from behind a dam or from natural "run of the river" with no water storage reservoir. The requirements of micro hydropower schemes are:

90. DOI Initiatives - Healthy Forests hydropower hydropower is energy that captured and turned into electricity from Bioenergy ranks second (to hydropower) in renewable US primary energy http://www.doi.gov/initiatives/geothermal.html

@import url(style.css); document.write(today); DOI Activities Initiatives Healthy Forests Improving National Parks ... DOI Quick Facts DOI manages 507 million acres of surface land, or about one-fifth of the land in the U.S. DOI en Español For DOI Employees DOI DC Operating Status Select one DOI Federal Credit Union DOI University Employee Express Greening Interior National Business Center Support Our Troops Thrift Savings Plan DOI Jobs Teacher Resources Children's Pages Bureaus and Offices ... Big Bend National Park Old Faithful webcam is one of several webcams available in National Parks. Renewable and Geothermal Energy A major component of the President's National Energy Policy is to encourage a clean and diverse group of domestic energy supplies. In November 2001, the Department of the Interior held a National Conference on Opportunities to Expand Renewable Energy on Public Lands. In February 2002, the Department and the Bureau of Land Management held a second follow-up conference on renewable resources. The Bureau of Land Management has a balanced approach to the development of energy resources, which includes emphasizes conservation, efficiency, and the development renewable resources including geothermal, wind, hydropower, and biomass. Many BLM campground, picnic, recreational and historical areas use solar technology. Between 1975 and 2000, total renewable energy production in the United States increased from about 4.8 to 6.8 quadrillion BTUs, supplying about seven percent of the nation's energy consumption in 2000. By 2020, renewable energy production is forecast to rise to about 9.0 quadrillion BTUs, but still will account for only about seven percent of consumption.

91. ESA Portal - Space Shows Way To Europe’s Renewable Energy Future More than half of Scandinavia’s energy comes from hydropower. And as part of Kyotoprotocol efforts to hydropower is the leading renewable energy source http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMORAYO4HD_index_2.html

Space shows way to Europe’s renewable energy future A German windfarm 31 July 2003 How can we more effectively harness the free and endless energy resources of the Sun, wind and water? One answer is orbiting above us. Satellites provide us with a wide variety of data that can help with many aspects of the building and management of renewable energy plants. ESA recently held a workshop at its Frascati-based centre in Italy, attended by representatives of the Earth Observation (EO) service industry together with renewable energy companies and utilities to explore how satellite data can be exploited in this area. And this month the Earth Observation (EO) Market Development section of ESA announced plans to fund an international project to foster the development of EO-based services for the wind, solar and hydropower energy industries. Europe is already the world leader in renewable energy. Denmark is flanked by some 2,300 wind turbines, supplying 15% of its electricity. Germany is on course to have 140,000 solar-panelled rooftops by 2005. More than half of Scandinavia’s energy comes from hydropower. And as part of Kyoto-protocol efforts to curb carbon emissions, the European Commission has pledged that renewable sources will make up 22% of Europe’s energy supply by the end of this decade (up from 14% in 1997). As the importance of the renewables sector grows, the idea has arisen to use satellite data for better exploitation of its various energy sources.

92. Promotion Of Energy Efficiency In Industry And Financing Of Investment : Part 4 Renewable energy Tajikistan accounts for 10 per cent of hydropower resources of the CIS countries and more than 50 per cent of the hydropower potential of http://www.unescap.org/esd/energy/publications/finance/part4_tajikistan.html

Part 4: Energy Sector Development Issues in Tajikistan By D. Mansurov Introduction Energy Resources in Tajikistan Tariff Policy and its Role in Increasing Energy Efficiency Back to Part4 MainPage Introduction In order to facilitate the country's integration into the world economy, Tajikistan should establish an efficient national energy system capable of providing greater national energy independence and sufficient affordable energy supplies for all sectors of the economy. The main constraints of energy sector development in Tajikistan can be described by two main aspects: lack of supply side efficiency and difficulties with transition towards market economy. Tajikistan is largely independent in energy supply but its energy supply has been highly monopolized. The transition of the national economy to greater resource efficiency is one of the most important factors for economic stabilization. New financial and administrative measures and regulations are required to achieve greater energy efficiency. The vitality and development of the national economy depends on reliability and quality of energy supply, which in turn depends on the existence of an effective energy sector. The national reforms and energy sector development efforts currently under way in Tajikistan aim at building more and more efficient use of the accessible resources.

93. Hydropower Still The King Of Renewable Energy - Ithacajournal.com Informing Tulare, Tulare County, and the San Joaquin Valley. http://www.theithacajournal.com/news/stories/20050623/lifestyle/2167584.html

//configuration OAS_sitepage = 'news.theithacajournal.com/stories/health'; OAS_listpos = 'Top,Bottom,Right1,Right2,x08'; OAS_query = ''; OAS_target = '_top'; pageName = "20050623 - Lifestyle: Hydropower still the king of renewable energy"; edition = "20050623"; document.write(""); Home News Entertainment Communities ... Customer Service site = "NYITH";section="HOME";gnsSite ="theithacajournal"; Archive Past Web Editions Home News ... Customer Service Sponsored by Thursday, June 23, 2005 Hydropower still the king of renewable energy Dear EarthTalk: Aside from wind power, which seems to be gaining in acceptance, what are some other promising sources of non-polluting renewable energy? Bianca Hoffman, Bridgeport, Conn. Wind power certainly has been in the news lately, with wind farms sprouting up across America from California to the Atlantic seaboard. By the end of 2004, U.S. wind capacity neared 6,800 megawatts, enough to power 1.5 million homes every year. And new projects now in the works will add at least 3,000 megawatts of capacity over the next five years, according to the American Wind Energy Association. But while wind may be getting most of the headlines nowadays, hydropower-energy generated from water flowing through turbines in damsis still king of renewables. Globally, hydropower generates 20 percent of the world's electricity. In Canada, which is the world's largest generator of hydropower, over 60 percent of the electricity produced comes from the power of water. Norway gets almost 99 percent of its electricity from hydropower, and New Zealand is close behind at 75 percent. In the United States about 10 percent of all electricity - enough to power 35 million homes every yearcomes from hydropower.

94. Hydropower Items At ALTERNATIVE ENERGY STORE Solar panels for sale and Wind Generator Systems from Alternative energy Store Making Renewable energy hydropower sub-categories http://shop.altenergystore.com/items~Cname~Hydropower~Cc~HYDROPOW~Bc~.htm

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95. Climate Change - Energy - Hydropower hydropower is inexpensive, and like many other renewable energy sources, it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the oldest hydropower http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/climatechange/energy/energy10.asp

LT Scotland Websites by category Select an LT Scotland website 5-14 Channel 4 Modern Languages 5-14 Online Assessment is for Learning Citizenship Climate Change in Scotland Connected Magazine Creativity in Education Curriculum Flexibility Digital Imaging in the Classroom Early Years Online Gaelic Online Heads Together Health Promoting Schools Healthy Kids - Inside Outside ICT for Communities ICT in Education Inclusive Education Internet Safety Latin Online Literacy and Numeracy Masterclass National Qualifications Online Parentzone Scottish Schools Digital Network (SSDN) Scottish Schools Online SETT - The Scottish Learning Festival Storybook Web Sunset Song Whole School Issues What is Climate Change? What is energy? What is The Greenhouse Effect? How do we know about the greenhouse effect? ... Hydropower Hydropower Lorne Gill/SNH The water in rivers and streams can be captured and turned into hydropower, also called hydroelectric power. The most common form of hydropower uses dams on rivers to create large reservoirs of water. Water released from the reservoirs flows through turbines, causing them to spin. The turbines are connected to generators that produce electricity. Hydropower is inexpensive, and like many other renewable energy sources, it does not produce greenhouse gas emissions. Some of the oldest hydropower stations in the world were built in the Highlands of Scotland, and are still operating today. In fact, hydropower accounts for about 10% of all electricity used across Scotland.

96. FERC: Federal Regulation And Oversight Of Energy - Electricity, Natural Gas, LNG FERC regulates, monitors and investigates electricity, natural gas, hydropower, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), With the passage of the new energy law, http://www.ferc.gov/

text only Text Size: Week of September 19, 2005 Month View List View Commission Meetings Next meeting: October 20, 2005 View Details Sign up to view meeting for a fee Last meeting: September 15, 2005 Decisions View Details Conferences Public comment meetings on the draft EIS for the Port Arthur LNG Project (Docket Nos. CP05-83-000, et al View Details October 4, Vinton, Louisiana October 5, Port Arthur, Texas Scoping meetings for the proposed North Baja Pipeline Expansion Project (Docket No. PF05-14-000) View Details September 28, Blythe, CA September 29, El Centro, CA Scoping meetings for the proposed Bradwood Landing Liquefied Natural Gas Project (Docket No. PF05-10-000), Astoria, OR , September 29 View Details Site visit of the proposed Bradwood Landing Liquefied Natural Gas Project (PF05-10-000) Longview, Washington , September 29 View Details September 21, 2005 - Chairman Joseph T. Kelliher's statement on EPAct 2005 Read More September 21, 2005 - Chairman Joseph T. Kelliher's statement on Offshore Gathering Facilities Read More September 21, 2005

97. FERC: Hydropower Federal energy Regulatory Commission hydropower is one of the project types in which FERC regulates both the construction and operational phase of a http://www.ferc.gov/industries/hydropower.asp

Text Size: Find information about projects in your area Hydropower Landmark Orders Accounting Matters eForms ... Hardcopy Forms: Hydropower Guide to Electronic Information at FERC [PDF] Need a paper copy? Contact Relonna Gilmore Hydropower Regulating Hydropower The Commission's responsibilities include: Issuance of licenses for the construction of a new project; Issuance of licenses for the continuance of an existing project (relicensing); and Oversight of all ongoing project operations, including dam safety inspections and environmental monitoring. Photo Gallery Hydropower is one of the project types in which FERC regulates both the construction and operational phase of a project. Read More Environment Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) Guidelines ... General Information Licensing, Project Information, and Overview. Compliance and Administration Updated: September 2, 2005

98. Alt.energy.homepower News Group Alt.energy.renewable News Group Federal energy Regulatory Commission Office of hydropower Licensing Five Lab Carbon Reduction Study Foundation for Water and energy Education http://zebu.uoregon.edu/eehydro.html

alt.energy.homepower news group alt.energy.renewable news group Alternative Energy mailing list Atlas Project alt.energy.homepower news group alt.energy.renewable news group Alternative Energy mailing list Atlas Project ... World Directory of Renewable Energy Suppliers and Services

99. Environmental Issues Education hydropower refers to the conversion of the kinetic energy of moving water into electricity hydropower has been used as a source of energy for centuries. http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/ed/eie/energy-h20power.htm

Home Education Schools Environmental Issues Education ... Energy Alternative Energy Sources Hydropower Hydropower is a renewable, clean source of energy, but it can change the environment when damming rivers and creating reservoirs is necessary. Hydropower plants produce almost no emissions, because they do not need to burn any fuel for the energy that they produce. They also are located at the source of their energy supply, so there is negligible emissions from transporting this energy. Alternative Energy Sources Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower ... Wind Alternative Energy Transportation Fuels Biodiesel Electric Ethanol Methanol ... Solar Energy Please address questions and comments regarding this web page to EdMaster

100. Space Shows Way To Europe’s Renewable Energy Future More than half of Scandinavia s energy comes from hydropower. hydropower. Currently supplying around one fifth of the world s energy needs, hydropower http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/E/20032569.html

July 2003 From European Space Agency Space shows way to Europe’s renewable energy future How can we more effectively harness the free and endless energy resources of the Sun, wind and water? One answer is orbiting above us. Satellites provide us with a wide variety of data that can help with many aspects of the building and management of renewable energy plants. ESA recently held a workshop at its Frascati-based centre in Italy, attended by representatives of the Earth Observation (EO) service industry together with renewable energy companies and utilities to explore how satellite data can be exploited in this area. And this month the Earth Observation (EO) Market Development section of ESA announced plans to fund an international project to foster the development of EO-based services for the wind, solar and hydropower energy industries. Europe is already the world leader in renewable energy. Denmark is flanked by some 2,300 wind turbines, supplying 15% of its electricity. Germany is on course to have 140,000 solar-panelled rooftops by 2005. More than half of Scandinavia's energy comes from hydropower. And as part of Kyoto-protocol efforts to curb carbon emissions, the European Commission has pledged that renewable sources will make up 22% of Europe's energy supply by the end of this decade (up from 14% in 1997). As the importance of the renewables sector grows, the idea has arisen to use satellite data for better exploitation of its various energy sources.

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