61. The Hudson’s Bay Company Museum Collection The Hudson s bay company Gallery is the showcase for Manitoba s National etcetera, the history of the Hudson s bay company, life in the fur trade, http://www.manitobamuseum.ca/mu_hudson_bay.html

Museum Collections Human History Home ... Register On-Line Discover the Legacy The Hudson's Bay Company Gallery is the showcase for 'Manitoba's National Treasure' the Hudson's Bay Company Museum Collection. The Collection was gifted to the Museum in 1994, together with the Company's commitment to ensure its future care. The new wing, which houses the Collection, was completed in 1998 paving the way for development of the public gallery. With new interpretive links to the Nonsuch Gallery, the Hudson's Bay Company Gallery tells the story of one of the oldest commercial enterprises still in existence and the incredible impact of its commercial undertaking on the history of Canada. The artifacts reveal an amazing story that includes the quest for the fabled North West Passage and the establishment of a trading empire encompassing a vast area from Labrador to Vancouver Island to what is now the northwestern United States, even touching on Alaska, Kamchatka, Hawaii and China.

62. Founding Of Hudson's Bay Company (1670): Historical Context, Economic Impact And The founding of canada’s oldest company in 1670, the Hudson’s bay company, From fur trading, the company has diversified into resource development, http://canadianeconomy.gc.ca/english/economy/1670Hudsons_Bay_Company.html

Contact Us Help Search Canada Site ... A to Z Index RESOURCES Current Economy Money International Issues About Business LEARN ABOUT Key Indicators Economic Concepts Key Economic Events Economy Overview ... Other Useful Links RETURN Home CHECK THIS OUT Budget 2005 Speech from the Throne Economic and Fiscal Update Where Your Tax Dollar Goes Jump to Event Links Event The land holdings of the company at one time were so vast that it controlled most of what is now Western Canada. This continued until 1870, when the company signed an agreement, the Deed of Surrender, transferring control of almost all its land to the British Crown. The British Crown in turn transferred control of these lands to the newly formed Dominion of Cana Links Our History http://www.hbc.com/hbcheritage/history/ Source: Government of Manitoba http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/ Updated: Important Notices

63. Hudson's Bay Company - Our History Our History. The fur trade The resulting ‘original six’ Hudson’s bay Companydepartment stores, in Victoria, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Saskatoon and http://www.hbc.com/hbc/history/

Contact Us Store Locator Français Our History The Fur Trade Watch over 300 years of history unfold at our interactive timeline Visit our history website for more information. Its first century of operation found Hbc firmly ensconced in a few forts and posts around the shores of James and Hudson Bays. Natives brought furs annually to these locations to barter for manufactured goods such as knives, kettles, beads, needles, and blankets. By the late 18th c. competition forced Hbc to expand into the interior. A string of posts grew up along the great river networks of the west foreshadowing the modern cities that would succeed them: Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton. The Rise of Retail Diversification The growth of retail spurred Hbc into a wide variety of commercial pursuits. Liquor, canned salmon, coffee, tea and tobacco were all lines that supplemented traditional fur and retail and helped to establish a thriving wholesale business. Large holdings of land negotiated as part of the Deed of Surrender took the company into real estate. The sale of homesteads to newly-arrived settlers would later evolve into a full-scale interest in commercial property holdings and development. Shipping and natural resources, particularly oil and gas, were other important sidelines. Focus on Retail Visit our history website for more information.

64. HUDSON Case Hudson bay company furTrading in 1800s (HUDSON) Innis, Harold A., The furtrade in canada, Toronto University of Toronto Press, 1956. http://gurukul.ucc.american.edu/TED/hudson.htm

CASE NUMBER: 113 CASE MNEMONIC: HUDSON CASE NAME: Hudson Bay Fur Trade in 1800s TED Case Studies Hudson Bay Company Fur-Trading in 1800s (HUDSON) IDENTIFICATION LEGAL CLUSTERS GEOGRAPHIC CLUSTERS TRADE CLUSTERS ... OTHER FACTORS I. Identification 1. The Issue For more than a half century the Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, Nootka, Salish, and Chinook Indians spent much of their time hunting fur bearers and trading their pelts, especially the "blackskins" of sea otters, to Russian, British, and above all, American shipmasters. These pelts were traded for firearms, textiles, and foodstuffs. More and more land furs were traded on the Northwest Coast from the mid 1810's until the early 1840's, by which time the depletion of all of the fur bearers by over-hunting, the depression of the fur markets by civil strife or changing fashion, and the depopulation of the Indians themselves by disease and warfare had reduced the Northwest trade to insignificance. This trade had far reaching effects both physically and culturally to the Northwest Coast. 2. Description

65. Chapter 2 The Hudson s bay company Peter C. Newman soon diverted their avarice intothe lessexotic pursuits of seeking the exorbitant profits of the fur trade http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume1/chapter2/files/42-45.htm

The Hudson's Bay Company Peter C. Newman Rooted in the unexplored continent's beaver swamps and primitive traders' wilderness outposts, the Company's evolution encompasses the full spectrum of Canadian, British and American history. Its landscape of operation stretched all the way from the Muscovy fur warehouses of Peter the Great to the balmy, flower-scented courts of the kings of Hawaii and the sensual waterfront of San Francisco. The wilderness empire granted into the HBC's custody by Royal decree (Charles II on May 2, 1670) eventually covered one-twelfth of the earth's surface, encompassing not only most of Canada's present prairie provinces, British Columbia and Northwest Territories, but much of northern Ontario and Quebec as well as land that later became the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, down to the Spanish border into California. their avarice into the less-exotic pursuits of seeking the exorbitant profits of the fur trade The coming, first of the Spanish, then the French and finally the English to the great plains of North America resulted in the blossoming of a continental trading system among the corn and pemmican tribes of Indians that followed the herds of buffalo and caribou. The Mandan, Assiniboine, Blackfoot, Ojibway, Cree and Chipewyan people eagerly accepted the tools and trinkets of the Europeans, and for a glorious period developed a sophisticated martial culture based on the horse and the gun.

66. Hudson's Bay Company It had good soil and was at the crossroads of three fur trade routes through the By 1839, the fur country had been trapped out by Hudson s bay company, http://hometown.aol.com/Gibson0817/hbc.htm

htmlAdWH('93212816', '728', '90'); Main History Hudson's Bay Company Beaver fur was in great demand for European hatmakers. They pressed the thick underhair of beaver into a velvety, waterproof felt that lasted a lifetime. In 17th century London, beaver was so valuable the floors of hatter shops were scoured for lost hairs. Beavers were trapped to extinction in England by the 16th century but beaver pelts from eastern Canada and upstate New York made up the difference. Investors with a royal charter established the first Hudson's Bay Company (the Company) posts on Hudson Bay in 1670. They traded knives, axes, guns, and blankets to Indian trappers for hundreds of thousands of beaver pelts a year. For 150 years they kept up their trade, pushing further and further west. At first they only had to complete with freelance trappers. Then the well organized Montreal-based Northwest Company came in. Then came the American "mountain men" who trapped along the Missouri and into the Rockies. The last big prize was the Columbia river drainage basin. In 1811, John Jacob Astor established the first American posts there, but these were captured by the Northwest Company during the War of 1812. By then the U.S. and England had agreed to jointly occupy the Columbia region. But in 1825, the Company had built the fort at Vancouver determined to dominate the area. In 1816, Dr. John McLoughlin was serving as doctor to the Northwest Fur Company, when a skirmish broke out between Northwest and Hudson's Bay Company. Some Indians were blamed for the murder of Robert Semple, governor of the Red River colony. McLoughlin knew they were innocent so handed himself over as a representative of the Northwest Company so they could have someone to blame. Instead he was arrested for the murder. While crossing Lake Superior, his arrestors' canoe collapsed and many drowned. McLoughlin almost died himself. This was supposedly when his hair turned white over night. He was tried on October 30, 1818, but all blame was dismissed. In 1919, he helped negotiate the merger between Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Fur Company. He was temporarily promoted to the Lac la Pliue district when the merger happened in 1820-21, bringing their total to 173 posts stretching nearly 3 million square miles.

67. N.W.Co. Fur Trade Licences The North West company was a major force in the fur trade between the 1780 s and1821. Their rivals included the Hudson s bay company and Gregory, http://www.trentu.ca/library/archives/89-1069.htm

TRENT UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES Fonds Level Description North West Company Fur Traders Licences TITLE North West Company fur traders licences fonds. 1789-1803. 1 folder. BIOGRAPHY / HISTORY CUSTODIAL HISTORY This fonds was in the custody of Jim and Bea Clark before it was donated to the Trent University Archives. SCOPE AND CONTENT This fonds consists of fur trading licences issued to traders by the North West Company. NOTES Title based on content of fonds. The records are fragile. Please use gloves while handling the records. Do not photocopy the originals. This fonds was donated by Jim and Bea Clarke. This fonds is in French. Restrictions: N Associated material located at the National Archives of Canada. For related records see: 95-1003.

68. Hudson's Bay Company Adventures: The Rollicking Saga Of Canada's Fur Traders From its earliest days, the Hudson’s bay company battled everyone and Hudson s bay company Adventures The Rollicking Saga of canada s fur Traders http://www.fedpubs.com/subject/history/hudsons_bay.htm

Hudson's Bay Company Adventures: The Rollicking Saga of Canada's Fur Traders Contents: From the Beaver to the HBC The Launch of a Trading Empire The Early Days of the HBC Standoff The Commando Raids Remarkable Adventures of the HBC The Rivalry Continues An Historic Merger Written by Elle Andra-Warner. Published by Altitude Publishing, 2003. Catalogue No. Price Format Softcover Pages Language English only Price and availability subject to change. Shipping and applicable taxes extra. Questions about this product? Please e-mail us Last modified: January 2, 2004 History main page What's New Home Search ... E-mail Us 165 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 3B8

69. Graduate Thesis Writing: Canadian Studies And Issues - Hudson Bay Company, Fur T Subject Search for Canadian Studies and Issues / Hudson bay company, fur trade This paper provides a short history of the Hudson bay company and the http://www.graduatepapers.com/thesis/canadian_studies_and_issues/hudson_bay_comp

Subject Search for: Canadian Studies and Issues / Hudson Bay Company, Fur Trade We carry over 20,000 term papers and research papers on so many topics we have categorized them by subject. Every term paper listed below is available for instant download after you purchase it. If you can't find a topic that suits your needs then order a customized term paper with all your requirements. 1895 A Short History On The Hudson's Bay Company and The North West Company During The Time Period Before 1850. This paper provides a short history of the Hudson' Bay Company and the North West Company. In spite of an aggressive entry in to the market, the North West Company was not able to sustain its initial price advantage when the Hudson's Bay Company responded to this competitive threat. The superior management and financing of the Hudson's Bay Company also contributed to its survival as the primary firm in the Canadian fur trade market after 1850. 16 pgs. 25 f/c. 15b. Pages: 16 Bibliography: 15 source(s) listed Filename: 1895 Hudson Bay.doc

70. Rupert's Land --  Encyclopædia Britannica Rupert s Land historic region in northern and western canada. For more than300 years the Hudson s bay company furtrading stations lay scattered over http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064437

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in Content Related to this Topic This Article's Table of Contents Rupert's Land Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products Rupert's Land Page 1 of 1 also called Prince Rupert's Land, Rupert's Land... (75 of 94 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "Rupert's Land." http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9064437

71. Hudson's Bay Company -- Facts, Info, And Encyclopedia Article Canadian economic history, Canadian history, Hudson s bay company With thedecline of the fur trade, the company evolved into mercantile business http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/encyclopedia/h/hu/hudsons_bay_company.htm

var dc_UnitID = 10; var dc_PublisherID = 512; var dc_BackgroundColor1 = 'white'; var dc_BackgroundColor2 = 'white'; var dc_TitleColor = 'blue'; var dc_TextColor = 'black'; var dc_URLColor = 'blue'; var dc_URLVisitedColor = 'green'; var dc_sm_type = 'horizontal'; var dc_Width = 700; var dc_Height = 75; var dc_caption_font_bgColor = 'white'; var dc_caption_font_color = 'blue'; var dc_OutBorder = 'no'; var dc_adprod='TM'; Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company HBC ) is the oldest (A business firm whose articles of incorporation have been approved in some state) corporation in (A nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada) Canada (and (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) North America ) and is one of the oldest in the world still in existence. From its longtime headquarters at (Click link for more info and facts about York Factory) York Factory on (An inland sea in northern Canada) Hudson Bay it controlled the (Click link for more info and facts about fur trade) fur trade throughout much of (The people of Great Britain) British -controlled (A continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama) North America for several centuries, undertaking early exploration and functioning as the

72. Peter's Rum Pages - Hudson's Bay Company Hudson s bay company (canada) Peter s Gallery of Rum Labels. What began asa simple fur-trading enterprise evolved into a trading and exploration http://www.rum.cz/galery/nam/ca/hudsonsbay/

Canada Hudson's Bay Company History Until 1867, the Hudson's Bay Company controlled most of the area of modern Canada west of Ontario. A flag much used in this territory was the British Red Ensign (a red flag with the Union Flag on the canton) with the capital letters H B C in white on the fly: the letters H and B are joined together in a monogram arrangement. One of these flags is displayed in Christ Church Cathedral, in Victoria, British Columbia. This flag was probably the prototype for the Canadian Red Ensign and several provincial flags. [Source: Peter Cawley, 30 May 1995 Henry Hudson (1565-1611) was an English explorer and navigator who explored parts of the Arctic Ocean and northeastern North America. The Hudson River, Hudson Strait, and Hudson Bay are named for Hudson. Little is known about Hudson's early life. Hudson was hired by the Muscovy Company in 1607, to find a waterway from Europe to Asia. Hudson made two trips (in 1607 and 1608), but failed to find a route to China. In 1607, he sailed to Spitzbergen (an island north of Scandinavia in the Arctic Ocean) and discovered Jan Mayen Island (a tiny island off eastern Greenland). In 1608, he sailed to Novaya Zemlya (an island north of Russia in the Arctic Ocean). Hudson was then hired by the Dutch East India Company in 1609, to try to find the Northwest Passage farther south. On this trip in a ship called the Half Moon, Hudson sailed to Nova Scotia, and then sailed south. He found what is now called the Hudson River. Hudson is credited with discovering the location which is now New York City (although da Verrazzano had previously sailed by the area in 1524). Hudson sailed into New York's harbor on September 3, 1609 and noted what an excellent harbor it was. Hudson sailed up the river about 150 miles (240 km) and noted the abundance of rich land, but realized that this was not a waterway to India. His reports resulted in many Dutch settlements in the area.

73. David Thompson Canadian Explorer Mapmaker History Pictures dissatisfied with the Hudson’s bay company’s emphasis on the fur trade, With the merger of the North West company and the Hudson s bay company in http://www.thefurtrapper.com/david_thompson.htm

Click on Thumbnail to enlarge Frio Point 200 B.C. to 600A.D. Mountains of Stone Mountain Man North West Token Beaver Pelt Bead Work Snow Owl Backrest Wampum Cooking Pot Horn Spoon North West Coat of Arms Hudson's Bay Coat of Arms Stone Hammer Seed Beads Plainview Atlatl Point 8150-8010 B.C David Thompson Canadian Fur Trader And Mapmaker David Thompson ranks as the premier surveyor of North America. Two Canadians, David Thompson and Alexander Mackenzie , are also the leading explorers of North America. From 1792 to 1812, David Thompson mapped most of the country west of Hudson Bay and Lake Superior, across the Rocky Mountains to the source of the Columbia River, and the length of the Columbia to the Pacific Ocean. Mount Moran Sunrise - Grand Teton National Park For the Hudson's Bay Company, and then as a wintering partner for the North West Company, David Thompson traveled fifty-five thousand miles. The map prepared by David Thompson filled in the blank spaces on one million, nine hundred thousand square miles of northwest Canada. But this was not his only contribution to our historical heritage. David Thompson and his men erected the first establishments west of the Continental Divide in Washington, Idaho, and Montana. He opened the first trade with the northwestern Indian tribes of the United States and Lower Canada. David Thompson made the first recorded information on Northern Plains Indian warfare, guns , and horses (Josephy, Ewers). And it should be added that he accomplished all of this, much to the chagrin of several North West partners, without trading

74. Northwestcompany It was not, like the Hudson s bay company, a chartered company, but was merely a Fortunes were made in the furtrade; but these fortunes went to the http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/QuebecHistory/encyclopedia/northwestc

document.write('') Home Site Search Readings Documents ... Marianopolis College Date Published: North West Company [This article was written by W. S WALLACE in 1948. For the full citation, see the end of the document.] North West Company, an organization formed in the years following the British conquest of Canada, for the exploitation of the fur-bearing regions of the Canadian North West. It was not, like the Hudson's Bay Company , a chartered company, but was merely a pool or syndicate of fur-trading firms or individuals, formed to abate the evils of competition; and though it came later to be dominated by the Montreal firm of McTavish Frobisher , and Company (later McTavish, McGillivrays , and Company), it never lost its character as a partnership. To this feature of its constitution it owed, indeed, in large measure both its success and its failure. Its wintering partners, with a personal stake in the fortunes of the company, proved much more aggressive than the poorly-paid employees of the Hudson's Bay Company; and in the race for the furs which opened up the whole of the Canadian North West, from lake Superior to the Pacific ocean and from the sources of the Mississippi to the Arctic sea, the Nor' Westers easily outdistanced the Hudson's Bay men. On the other hand, when the rivalry. between the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company came to a head over

75. Literary Encyclopedia: Hudson's Bay Company Hudson s bay company (1670). Places canada, USA, North America; England, The company itself was interested only in maintaining its furtrading monopoly http://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=521

76. Wrapping The Globe: The Hudson’s Bay Company And The East India Company Canadian trade Routes. The Hudson’s bay company traded across much of In thefur trade years the company faced stiff competition from French fur traders http://www.molli.org.uk/wrapping_the_globe/east_india.htm

Unloading tea ships at the East India Docks, Deptford, Illustrated London News, 1867, National Maritime Museum, London. Introduction The Gallery British South West wool industries and manufactured tradecloths Quality and characteristics of the tradecloths ... Glossary This website is part of the MOLLI series of on-line museum learning resources being developed by The Telematics Centre at the University of Exeter in partnership with local museums. Telematics Centre , University of Exeter

77. North American Fur Auctions North American fur Auctions (NAFA) trading activities date back to the foundation of He transferred to Hudson s bay company fur Sales canada Limited as http://nafa.ca/page.asp?page=corporate/profile.asp&menu=auction

78. Voyageurs NP: The Environment And The Fur Trade Experience: 1730-1870 (Chapter 1 It was the great prize, the El Dorado of the Canadian fur trade. the greatfur trading enterprises–the Hudson s bay company and the North West http://www.nps.gov/voya/history/futr/ch1.htm

Special History: The Environment and the Fur Trade Experience in Voyageurs National Park, 1730-1870 Red River Expedition at Kakabeka Falls, Ontario. Frances Anne Hopkins, artist, 1877. (Courtesy of National Archives of Canada) Chapter One The Rainy Lake Region in the Fur Trade Geography of the fur trade Historians of the fur trade have shaped their material around three major themes. First, historians have interpreted the fur trade as an object of imperial rivalry, first between England and France and later between Britain and the United States, as these nations competed for possession of the North American continent. Second, historians have interpreted the fur trade as an incubus for three of North America's early corporate giants: Hudson's Bay Company, North West Company, and American Fur Company. Third, and most recently, historians have treated the fur trade as a system of cultural exchange between Europeans and Indians. For all three of these interpretive frameworks, geography provides essential context. To these two possibilities could be added a third. If the political history of North America had been different, the furs might have moved southward through the Mississippi Valley. The Rainy Lake Region was contested terrain in the fur trade largely because it was a key to all three geographic possibilities (

79. Long Life Of Hudson's Bay Company were determined to break forever the Hudson s bay monopoly on the Canadianfur trade. Arriving in canada for the Hudson s bay company in 1784, http://historynet.com/we/blcompanynotdie/index1.html

Home Subscribe Renew Shop ... Book Reviews Search tod('pod'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily3.src='/dailypicture_button.gif'"> tod('tih'); onClick="return true" onMouseOver="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'" onMouseOut="document.images.imageDaily2.src='/dailytoday_button.gif'"> In Our Magazines America's Civil War American History Aviation History British Heritage ... World War II HISTORY OFFERS World War II Civil War History History Books Washington Tours ... Military Antiques Article from Wild West Magazine Long Life of Hudson's Bay Company De Troyes completed the French roll of triumph with the bloodless capture of the strongest of the James Bay outposts, Albany Fort. After a bombardment from siege guns brought from Rupert House, the fort's defenders saluted their besiegers with loud cries of the French battle shout "vive le roi," then they threw open the gates. In the summer of 1697, when France and England were still gripped in King William's War (as the conflict was formally known), d'Iberville returned. Arriving off the mouth of the Nelson River, a tributary of Hudson's Bay, on September 3 aboard the 44-gun Pelican of the French navy, he confronted three British ships, Dering, Hudson's Bay and Royal Navy frigate Hampshire.

80. Hudson's Bay Company - Fact Sheet - Hoover's Hudson s bay company (HBC) is canada s largest department store chain. Founded in1670 as a fur trading enterprise, HBC is also canada s oldest corporation. http://www.hoovers.com/hudson's-bay/--ID__42417--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml

@import url(http://images.hoovers.com/dc/css/record/styles.css); Skip Navigation document.write(''); Home Select Country United States United Kingdom Feedback Log In Intelligence. Insight. Results. Learn More Or Subscribe Now: Research Companies and Industries Find Business People Take The Tour Subscription Options Hudson's Bay Company 401 Bay St., Ste. 500 Toronto, Ontario M5H 2Y4, Canada Phone: 416-861-6112 Fax: 416-861-4720 http://www.hbc.com Hoover's coverage by Alex Biesada Build A Report Print This Page E-Mail document.write(''); document.write(''); Overview Here's a company that's traveled a fur piece from its 17th-century roots. (The chain's coat of arms features two moose, four beavers, and a fox.) Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) is Canada's largest department store chain. Founded in 1670 as a fur trading enterprise, HBC is also Canada's oldest corporation. Its Zellers chain is Canada's #2 discount department store (behind Wal-Mart Canada ), with nearly 300 stores. HBC also runs nearly 100 the Bay department stores, more than 100 smaller Fields general merchandise and apparel stores in western Canada, 45 Home Outfitters superstores, and Hbc.com, an e-commerce site. Its department and discount store chains stretch from Newfoundland to British Columbia. Key Numbers More Power. More Speed. More Accuracy. Still Just $7. Apply now at Scottrade.

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