41. Rivers Of Canada: Red River - Traders The Hudson s bay company, which shipped its pelts out through Hudson bay, The North West company rebuilt Fort Gibraltar but the furtrade war ended in http://www.ccge.org/ccge/english/Resources/rivers/tr_rivers_RRtraders.asp

HOME SITEMAP SEARCH Geography Action! ... Red River Red River - Traders Economic exchanges among First Nations Long before Europeans arrived, an extensive trade network already existed in North America. Native peoples of North America traded food supplies and special stones used to make weapons and tools. Obsidian from present-day British Columbia, for example, could be chipped to a cutting edge sharper than today's stainless-steel surgical tools. The nomadic bison hunters of Manitoba traded their hides for the corn grown by more sedentary communities in the present-day Midwest of the United States. While such trades were not essential to survival, since each side could have easily have been self-sufficient, the contact enlarged the products available to them and developed relations between the communities. Native peoples congregated periodically for trade fairs. Present-day Wyoming was the site of major continental trade gatherings which were as much social and political reunions as commercial events. The arrival of fur buyers from Europe changed aboriginal trading. The fur trade no longer was a means of acquiring basic necessities and unavailable goods as well as a way of maintaining peaceful contact among different Native nations. The European traders gave the Natives guns, knives, trinkets, and alcohol in exchange for animal pelts and hides.

42. Hudson's Bay Company - Columbia Encyclopedia® Article About Hudson's Bay Compan In 1820 he was sent by the Hudson s bay company to canada, where he took chargeof the important 1968); HA Innis, The fur trade in canada (1930, repr. http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Hudson's Bay Company

Domain='thefreedictionary.com' Your help is needed: American Red Cross The Salvation Army join mailing list webmaster tools Word (phrase): Word Starts with Ends with Definition subscription: Dictionary/ thesaurus Computing dictionary Medical dictionary Legal dictionary Financial dictionary Acronyms Columbia encyclopedia Wikipedia encyclopedia Hutchinson encyclopedia Hudson's Bay Company Also found in: Acronyms Wikipedia Hutchinson 0.04 sec. Page tools Printer friendly Cite / link Email Feedback Hudson's Bay Company, corporation chartered (1670) by Charles II of England for the purpose of trade and settlement in the Hudson Bay region of North America and for exploration toward the discovery of the Northwest Passage Northwest Passage, water routes through the Arctic Archipelago, N Canada, and along the northern coast of Alaska between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Even though the explorers of the 16th cent. demonstrated that the American continents were a true barrier to a short route to East Asia, there still remained hope that a natural passage would be found leading directly through the barrier. Click the link for more information.

43. Hudson's Bay Company. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 See also G. Bryce, The Remarkable History of the Hudson’s bay company (1900, repr.1968); HA Innis, The fur trade in canada (1930, repr. http://www.bartleby.com/65/hu/HudsonsB.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. corporation chartered (1670) by Charles II of England for the purpose of trade and settlement in the Hudson Bay region of North America and for exploration toward the discovery of the Northwest Passage to Asia.

44. The Fur Trade And The HBC Today, we are going to look at the fur traders and one of canada’s oldest and The Hudson’s bay company, along with the fur trading continued in the http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/canadian_history/115601

Topics Articles Links Free Courses Home Directory 22 Communities What's New ... Free e-Courses Search Suite101.com Within: Canadian History History and Government Reference Computing Dictionary Medical Dictionary Legal Dictionary Financial Dictionary Acronyms Wikipedia Encyclopedia Columbia Encyclopedia New Topics Postcolonial Studies Ancient Roman Women Political Opinion Monarchs of Britain ... More... New Articles Abilene, Kansas, part 3 Lee Kuan Yew Royal Accessories - Part 1 Fort Churchill, Nevada (Part 2) ... More... New Discussions Terrorism: What are We Actually Fighting? Table of Contents What did you know about the Indian Trust case? Towns on the Plains: An Introduction, part 1 ... More... My Recent Articles The War of 1812 The United Empire Loyalists The First Nation Related Online Courses Women Outlaws, Soiled Doves and Shady Ladies of the Old West The Struggle for Survival: A History of Wales The Scientific Revolution The Fur Trade and the HBC Home History and geography History of North America Canada Author: Cher Gruener Published on: May 28, 2005

45. Ubcpress.ca :: University Of British Columbia Press Hoping to make their fortunes with the Hudson s bay company, young Scots and In canada, order your copy of fur trade and Exploration from UNIpresses at http://www.ubcpress.ubc.ca/search/title_book.asp?BookID=1714

46. WorldVillage > Site Reviews > School House Site Of The Week Exploration, The fur trade, and Hudson s bay company Week of 09/16/2002 and Hudson s bay company, is about the fur trade in canada, how the trading of http://www.worldvillage.com/sitereviews/school.html?id=128&year=2002

47. Manitoba, Canada ..... Wheat, Forests, Historic Sites The earliest economic interest was the fur trade, which brought about the In 1836, Assiniboia was transferred back to the Hudson s bay company by the http://www.geocities.com/SoHo/Atrium/4832/man.html

Awards I won Aboriginal People Canada Page (Main) Provinces ... View Guest Book Manitoba ... most eastern Prairie Province Manitoba is the easternmost of the three Prairie Provinces of Canada. Saskatchewan at its western boundary and Ontario at the eastern boundary. North are the Northwest Terrritories and the Hudsons bay. South the States of North Dakota and Minnesota. Manitoba is a very flat province, most of it at sea level with the highest elevation found in Duck Mountain Provincial Park with Baldy Mountain rising to 831m. Manitoba is known as the "Land of 100,000 lakes" ... a legacy from enormous Lake Agassiz which covered much of the province after the glaciers retreated. The major rivers of the Prairie Provinces flow into the lowland region of Manitoba, giving Manitoba 90 percent of the hydro-electric potential of the Prairie region. The northern topography is heavily glaciated and covered in forest: dominated by pine, hemlock and birch. "The Northwest Company" ) forced the Hudsons Bay Company to travel further afield and establish their forts throughout the land. The sole purpose of this Company was the exploitation of the aboriginal people and the exploitation of the weath of the land. (See my Hudsons Bay Company page for more information.)

48. Canadian Explorers - EnchantedLearning.com Kelsey extended the trade routes of the Hudson s bay company s trade to the was instrumental in forming the Hudson s bay company (an English fur trading http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/canada.shtml

Become a member of Enchanted Learning. Site subscriptions last 12 months. Click here for more information on site membership. $20.00/year or other amount (directly by Credit Card $20.00/year or other amount (via PayPal As a thank-you bonus, site members have access to a banner-ad-free version of the site, with print-friendly pages. (Already a member? Click here. Enchanted Learning Zoom Explorers A B C D ... Glossary of Exploration Terms Explorers of Canada More information on Canada AMUNDSEN, ROALD Roald Amundsen (1872-1928) was a Norwegian polar explorer who was the first person to fly over the North Pole in a dirigible (May 11-13, 1926) and was the first person to reach the South Pole. Amundsen and his small expedition reached the South Pole on December 14, 1911, traveling by dog sled. Amundsen was also the first person to sail around the world through the Northeast and Northwest passages, from the Atlantic to the Pacific (in 1905). He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. Amundsen died in a plane crash attempting to rescue his friend, the Italian explorer Umberto Nobile who was lost in an airship. For more information on Amundsen, click here

49. Tomfolio.com: History: Canada And No. America, Hudson's Bay Co Keywords American History, canada, Hudson s bay company, fur trade, GeorgeSimpson, journals. lxii plus 370 pages, approx. 61/2 x 9-1/2 inches. http://www.tomfolio.com/bookssub.asp?subid=2494

50. Hudson Bay Company century the Hudson bay company dominated the fur trade in canada and Oregon . In 1870 the Hudson bay company sold its rights in canada for £300000. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWhudsonbay.htm

Hudson Bay Company Spartacus USA History British History Second World War ... Email In 1670 Charles II gave a charter to the Hudson's Bay Company. The territory it was given encompasses some 40 per cent of modern Canada , from the Arctic to the Great Lakes. In return for settling and developing the colony, the charter granted the Hudson's Bay Company a monopoly on the region's natural resources. Its first governor was Charles Bayley, a Quaker , who was released from the Tower of London and deported to Canada. Over the next nine years Bayley established trading posts at the mouths of rivers. He also arranged trade with the local Cree tribe. By the 18th century the Hudson Bay Company dominated the fur trade in Canada and Oregon . It obtained furs from local Native Americans in exchange for goods shipped from England. This was highly profitable and in 1784 the North West Company was formed in Montreal. This led to violence and open warfare between the two companies. A third company the American Fur Company was established by John Jacob Astor in 1808. He established Fort Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River in

51. Hudson's Bay Company Archives The library was transferred to canada with the archives in 1974. strengths ofthe library are the history of the Hudson s bay company and the fur trade, http://arcticcentre.urova.fi/polarweb/polar/lbcdhbca.htm

The Polar Web Polar Libraries and Archives Canada H UDSON'S B AY C OMPANY A RCHIVES. P ROVINCIAL A RCHIVES OF M ANITOBA CONTACT PERSON: Beattie, Judith Hudson, Keeper ADDRESS: 200 Vaughan Street Winnipeg MB R3C 1T5 Canada TELEPHONE: +1-204-945-4949 TELEFAX: +1-204-948-2008 email: hbca at gov.mb.ca Web pages: http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/ LIBRARY ACTIVITIES: History of Library: The library was established in London in the 1920s to support the work of the Hudson's Bay Company Archives Department. The library was transferred to Canada with the archives in 1974. The library also includes what survives of the libraries maintained for the use of the directors and staff in London and Canada, the most important of which are the 'Fur Trade Libraries'. It is from these constituent libraries that the library's 18th and 19th-century holdings largely come. DESCRIPTION OF POLAR COLLECTION: Particular strengths of the library are the history of the Hudson's Bay Company and the fur trade, native peoples and the exploration of the Arctic and Western North America. There is no separate polar collection. Remarks under following headings deal with the library as a whole. Languages: English; holdings in other languages not significant

52. Orkneyjar - Stromness And The Hudson's Bay Company Formed in 1670, the Hudson s bay company held a monopoly over trade in the of canada in 1763 resolved conflicts with the French over the fur trade and http://www.orkneyjar.com/orkney/stromness/hbs.htm

Home About Orkney History Tradition ... Awards Stromness - The Haven Bay The Hudson's Bay Company The Haven - the recruiting headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company in Stromness. Formed in 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company held a monopoly over trade in the region around Hudson's Bay in Canada. Founded by Prince Rupert - a cousin to King Charles II - and 17 other noblemen and gentlemen, the "Company of Adventurers", as they preferred to be known, were granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England to "exploit sole trade and commerce" at the mouth of the Hudson Strait. In its vast territory - eventually known as Rupert's Land - the company had the power to establish and enforce laws, erect forts, maintain ships of war, and to make peace or war with native peoples. After an unpromising beginning and parliamentary threats to revoke its charter, the company became hugely profitable. In 1859, however, the trade monopoly was abolished.

53. HUDSONS BAY COMPANY - LoveToKnow Article On HUDSONS BAY COMPANY hudsons bay company, or the Governor and company of Adventurers of England After the cession of canada to Great Britain in 1763, numbers of furtraders http://24.1911encyclopedia.org/H/HU/HUDSON_S_BAY_COMPANY.htm

HUDSONS BAY COMPANY HUDSONS BAY COMPANY , or the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudsons Bay,a corporation formed for the purpose of importing into Great Britain. the furs and skins which it obtains, chiefly by barter, from the Indians of British North America. The trading stations of the Company are dotted over the immense region (excluding Canada proper and Alaska), which is bounded E. and W. by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and N. and S. by the Arctic Ocean and the United States. From these various stations the furs are despatched in part to posts in Hudson Bay and the coast of Labrador for transportation to England by the Companys ships, and in part by steamboat or other conveyances to points on the railways from whence they can be conveyed to Montreal, St John, N.B., or other Atlantic port, for shipment to London by Canadian Pacific Railway Companys mail ships, or other line of steamers, to be sold at auction. An Order in Council was passed confirming the terms of the Deed of Surrender at the Court of Windsor. the 2~rd of june 1870. In 1872, in terms of the Dominion Lands Act of that year, it was mutually agreed in regard to the one-twentieth of the lands in the Fertile Belt reserved to the Company under the terms of the Deed of Surrender that they should be taken as follows: Whereas by article five of the terms and conditions in the Deed of Surrender from the Hudsons Bay Company to the Crown, the said Company is entitled to one-twentieth of the lands surveyed into Townships in a certain portion of the territory surrendered, described and designated as the Fertile Belt.

54. The Fur Trade and Indian trappers in canada still trade their furs to fur companies forvarious goods. The most famous of these firms, the Hudson s bay company, http://www.pcmaf.org/fur_trade.htm

The fur trade was one of the earliest and most important industries in North America. The fur trading industry played a major role in the development of the United States and Canada for more than 300 years. The fur trade began in the 1500's as an exchange between Indians and Europeans. The Indians traded furs for such goods as tools and weapons. Beaver fur, which was used in Europe to make felt hats, became the most valuable of these furs. The fur trade prospered until the mid-1800's, when fur-bearing animals became scarce and silk hats became more popular than felt hats made with beaver. Today, almost all trappers sell their pelts. Eskimo and Indian trappers in Canada still trade their furs to fur companies for various goods. The earliest fur traders in North America were French explorers and fishermen who arrived in what is now Eastern Canada during the early 1500's. Trade started after the French offered the Indians kettles, knives, and other gifts as a means to establish friendly relations. The Indians, in turn, gave pelts to the French. By the late 1500's, a great demand for fur had developed in Europe. This demand encouraged further exploration of North America. The demand for beaver increased rapidly in the early 1600's, when fashionable European men began to wear felt hats made from beaver fur. Such furs as fox, marten, mink, and otter also were traded.

55. Canada's First Nations: European Contact There is evidence the Ojibwa travelled to Hudson s bay company posts as early Camps and infected territories were entirely abandoned and the fur trade http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firstnations/canshield.html

CANADA'S FIRST NATIONS European Contact B. Map - Native-European Encounters Preserved in Native Oral Tradition and European Written Narrative Canadian Shield: Ojibwa and Cree The Canadian Shield First Nations had indirect contact with Europeans through middlemen traders of the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Gulf regions. Groups in the Canadian Shield, such as the Algonquians, played a crucial role in the fur trade economy once European traders had established posts in the Hudson Bay region. Mittens from the Montagnais Nation Collected at Pointe-Bleue, Quebec in 1911 Courtesy of the Canadian Museum of Civilization CMC Catalogue Number: III-C-4 a,b Ojibwa Encounter with Europeans Oral tradition describes the first encounter between the Anishinabeg, or Ojibwa, and the Europeans. This narrative is an example of how the first encounter often set the tone for future relations between the First Nations peoples and the newcomers. It illustrates the Ojibwa's well-established tradition of trade and negotiation. This narrative is a composite of information from Andrew J. Blackbird's The History of the Ottawa and Chippewa Indians; J.G. Kohl's Kitrchi-Gami; and William Whipple Warren's History of the Ojibwas. European Encounter with Cree The European historical record of encounters in the Canadian Shield region also emphasises an economic theme. Henry Hudson explored the Hudson Bay and James Bay regions in the early seventeenth century. In 1611, a lone Cree man approached Hudson and his crew and upon receiving gifts of friendship he returned with furs for trade. The Cree man appeared not to favour the bargain and eventually took his goods and left. This encounter is possibly the first between Europeans and Sub-Arctic First Nations groups. However, understanding a fair price for exchange and willingness to bargain for European goods suggests that the Cree trader was familiar with the custom of trading with Europeans. Cree oral tradition also narrates this first encounter. According to the Cree, Hudson and his crew offered European clothing in exchange for the furs the Cree was wearing.

56. The Hudson's Bay Company - Canadian Confederation The fur trade was no longer as profitable as it had once been, however, andcompetition Ray, Arthur J. Hudson s bay company . The 1999 Canadian http://www.collectionscanada.ca/confederation/023001-2964-e.html

The Hudson's Bay Company From its inception, the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) fought with the representatives of France in North America for control of the fur trade, sometimes taking up arms. After the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, the French were forced to recognize the authority of the Company on the territory of Hudson Bay. Following the Treaty of Paris of 1763, French developers left North America and were replaced by English businessmen from Montreal (North West Company) . From 1774 to 1821, the HBC carried out a vigorous policy of exploration of the North American territory. It set up trading posts in an area ranging from northern Ontario to the west coast of the continent. The fur trade was no longer as profitable as it had once been, however, and competition from the North West Company adversely affected its cost effectiveness. The two businesses merged in 1821, primarily to the benefit of the HBC. The HBC extended its hold on British North America by getting a renewal of its charter from the British Parliament. This charter granted the HBC a monopoly to operate in the territory. That is how it became the owner of Rupert's Land and the Northwest Territory until 1870.

57. Canadian Genealogy Centre - Fur Trade The fur trade is a key element of the economic development of canada. Hudson’sBay company (HBC). Library and Archives canada holds copies of the http://www.genealogy.gc.ca/10/101310_e.html

Contact Us Help Search The Centre ... Links You are here: Home Employment Index of Topics Ethnic Groups ... Other Topics Fur Trade The fur trade is a key element of the economic development of Canada. A history of the fur trade is available in The Canadian Encyclopedia online Research at Library and Archives Canada Library and Archives Canada holds many records regarding the fur trade, including the companies involved in fur trading and the men, called "voyageurs," who did the actual fur trading. Includes records relating to the recruitment of "voyageurs," 1787 to 1820, arranged by date. List of Names Contracts for some French-Canadians working for various fur trade companies (23 pp.). List of Names Contracts for "voyageurs" in western Canada, 1773-1780 (vol. 2, 170 pp., not indexed). Includes bonds and licences for the fur trade, 1763-1790 (vols. 110-115, microfilm reels H-1096 to H-1098, not indexed). General Inventory database. How to Access Library and Archives Canada Records Research in Other Institutions Hudson's Bay Company Archives (includes North West Company) The Hudson's Bay Company Archives has alphabetical indexes to many of their records relating to employees.

58. Province Of Manitoba | Hudson's Bay Company Archives Founded in 1670, the Hudson s bay company s (HBC) chief interests for its firsttwo centuries were the fur trade, exploration and settlement. http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/

About HBCA Holdings Hours of Operation Where to Find Us ... Home Welcome to the website of one of Canada's national treasures, the Hudson's Bay Company Archives (HBCA). The HBCA offers a wealth of information on the human and natural history of western and northern Canada and the western USA. Whether you are an historian, genealogist, ethnologist, environmental scientist or land claims researcher, the HBCA may be able to help. Founded in 1670, the Hudson's Bay Company's (HBC) chief interests for its first two centuries were the fur trade, exploration and settlement. After 1870, when its territory of Rupert's Land was incorporated into the Dominion of Canada, its interests became more varied. Today, as Canada's largest non-food retailer, it is best known for its national chain of department stores, the Bay and Zellers HBC's head office is located in Toronto, Ontario. In 1994, the Company and the Province of Manitoba entered into an agreement by which the archives were donated to the Province. These records are now part of the Archives of Manitoba in Winnipeg. They are administered as a separate division of the archives called the Hudson's Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba. The Company manages its corporate records to its ongoing activities in Toronto, Ontario. Whether you visit the archives in person, read documents on microfilm through inter-library loan, in

59. Hudson Hudson's Bay Fur Trade Exploration, the fur trade and Hudson s bay company This site is about the Hudson s bay company Canadian Enterprises The Hudson s Bav company, http://www.archaeolink.com/hudson_bay_fur_trade.htm

Hudson Bay Fur Trade Home Canadian History Ethnic Groups Canadian History General Resources Canadian History Canadian Gold Rush Canadian Historic Maps ... About the Hudson's Bay Company A brief overview of history. - From Government of Manitoba - http://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/hbca/about/the_bay.html Continental Fur Trade Here you can learn about the Pacific Fur Company, the North West Company, the Hudson's Bay Company, and two boundary treaties. - illustrated - From - University of Washington - http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/hstaa432/lesson_6/hstaa432_6.html Empire of the Bay You will find a great look at the history of the Hudson's Bay Company with timelines, a who's who, maps and more. - illustrated - From PBS - http://www.pbs.org/empireofthebay/ Exploration, the Fur Trade and Hudson's Bay Company "This site is about the fur trade in Canada and how it led to the exploration of the country and the formation of the oldest and largest company in Canadian history: Hudson's Bay Company. In fact, the history of the fur trade, Hudson's Bay Company and the exploration of Canada are so intertwined that they can not be separated. So read on and learn more about Canada!" - illustrated - From canadiana.org - http://www.canadiana.org/hbc/intro_e.html

60. Alberta: How The West Was Young - Fur Trade And Mission History - Glossary Clerk The lowest officer of the Hudson’s bay company and fur trade industry . North West company Canadian fur trading company that operated in http://www.abheritage.ca/alberta/fur_trade/glossary.html

Fur Trade and Mission History: Glossary Fur Trade and Mission History Read Listen Sitemap Search Partners Help Archaeology and Pre-Contact First Nations and Métis Fur Trade and Mission History Home Email Us Feedback Heritage Community Foundation Glossary Beaver: The largest rodent in Canada, weighing anywhere between 15-35 kg, the beaver had a profound effect upon the exploration, development and history of the Canadian nation. Due to a demand for the beaver pelt as a textile material in Europe beginning in the 18th century, it was the beaver that sparked the extensive exploration of North America and provided the impetus for the establishment of the lucrative fur-trade economy that became the basis of the Canadian nation. The Beaver has, as a result, become a Canadian national symbol. Canoe: Small boat constructed of birch bark and cedar held together with tree roots and tar. Although it was designed and first used by the native populations of North America, the canoe became a very important means of transportation for early fur traders and explorers as well. The canoe has no standard size and, during the fur trade era, could range in size from 40 foot cargo vessels to smaller, sleeker 2-4 passenger versions which were much more efficient and maneuverable.

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