81. Solidarity - A Workshop As one travels about Latin America, whether it is within honduras or other countries Worldwide, there are 250 million indigenous people; in the American http://www.teilhard.com/solidarity/workshop01.htm

Latin America - Conquistadors, Colonialism, and Dictatorships The 16th Century Age of Discovery Central American Indigenous Peoples Indigenous people often call themselves First People. According to The Gaia Atlas of First People, they "cherish their own distinct cultures, are the victims of past and present-day colonialism, and are determined to survive". Worldwide, there are 250 million indigenous people; in the American hemisphere there are approximately 30 million. Mayan civilization began around 2500 BC and reached its peak of development about 200 AD. About 1501 AD the first Europeans arrived in Central America. Spanish conquerors quickly began sweeping through the narrow region between what we now call Mexico and South America. Between 1524 and 1650, it is estimated that 85% of the Mayan population in Central America was killed by conqueror's guns, swords and diseases. Many survivors were enslaved, but some managed to flee to the higher, less accessible, mountain areas such as in NW Guatemala. The final stages of devastation undermined the Mayan cultural and spiritual strength as ceremonial centers were torn down and often replaced by Christian churches. Mayan writings were destroyed and their leaders and scholars were killed. Church and State Goals The empires of Europe saw the new world as a source of greater riches - land, natural resources, slave labor, etc.

82. Honduras Travel Information | Lonely Planet Destination Guide Lonely Planet s online guide to honduras. The remaining indigenous peopleshave their own distinct languages. Roman Catholicism is the predominant http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/central_america/honduras/printable.htm

@import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_structure.css"; @import "/worldguide/css/dmStyle_theme.css"; worldguide shop thorn tree forum travel services ... travel links Explore Honduras Honduras Lush, languid and utterly captivating, from modern cities to Mayan ruins. View Map Click here WORLDGUIDE Introduction Image Gallery Transport Money Essential Info RELATED Thorn Tree Forum Postcards Travel Links At a Glance Fast Facts Honduras is the original banana republic, but travel there is easy, enjoyable and inexpensive. The slow pace, natural beauty and low-profile tourism make it particularly appealing to travellers (well-armed with insect repellent) who enjoy getting off the beaten track. Travel Services Flights Hostels Hotels ... Travel Insurance lonely planet 2005 about us privacy contact us worldguide ... travel links

83. Honduras Non-Ladino Groups In the northern coasts of honduras and Nicaragua, unions of indigenous peopleand the African and British immigrants produced a racially mixed group known http://www.country-studies.com/honduras/non-ladino-groups.html

Non-Ladino Groups The non-Hispanic (nonladino) groups in Honduras consist of the Black Carib, the Miskito, the black population in the Islas de la Bahía, and a sizeable number of Arab immigrants. The Black Carib (also known as Garifuna in Belize and Guatemala) settled in the early 1800s in coastal villages along the Caribbean. Originally descendants of freed black slaves and native Carib from the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, they arrived in Honduras when they were deported from Saint Vincent by the British in 1797 and resettled in the Islas de la Bahía off the coast of Honduras. From there, they moved to the mainland coast of northern Honduras. Their language, which they continue to speak, is a Carib-based creole. Their cultural practices are similar to those of the Black Carib who live in Belize and Guatemala. Interestingly, although the Miskito and Black Carib peoples have similar racial origins, the Miskito are generally considered by Hondurans to be indigenous people, whereas the Black Carib are generally considered to be black. This difference in ethnic identification is probably a reflection of the different cultures of the two groups; Black Carib culture retains more African elements in its folklore, religion, and music than does the culture of the Miskito. The Miskito and Black Carib peoples have traditionally been economically self-sufficient through subsistence agriculture and fishing. In the early 1990s, the men, however, were often forced to seek supplementary income by working outside their own regions. Thus, Miskito and Black Carib men often spend long periods separated from their families.

84. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America - LANIC United NationsDraft Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/

Indigenous Peoples Regional Resources The Amazon: Amazon Conservation Team Amazonlink Informação sobre a Amazônia Amazon Watch Americas.org Resource Center of the Americas The Andes: Aymara Net Various Information Relating to the Aymaras in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador Cultures of the Andes Archive of Indigenous Languages of Latin America, AIILA or AILLA The Caribbean: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink KACIKE Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology Center for World Indigenous Studies CWIS Construyendo Alternativas Frente al Neoliberalismo Culturas Pre-Colombinas Instituto Indigenista Interamericano Legislación Indígena Banco Interamericano de Desarollo Mesoamerica: Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations Kevin Callahan GB Online's Mesoamerica Religions Pueblos Indígenas y Desarrollo Comunitario BID Quechua Network Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas SSILA Country Resources Argentina Belize Exploring Maya Caves of West-Central Belize Interactive Dig K'axob and Xibun Mayan Ruins Maya Sites in Belize Western Belize Regional Cave Project Bolivia Apoyo Para el Campesino Indígena del Oriente Boliviano APCOB ASUR Instituto de Lenguaje y Cultura Aymara ILCA, La Paz

85. Maya, Indigenous People Of Mexico And Central America Mexico; Guatemala and Belize; parts of El Salvador and extreme western honduras . Tourism development and indigenous people the Maya experience in http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/society/A0832330.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 22, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Ramadan ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia Maya u Pronunciation Key Maya basin of Mexico), the population of Maya today is over 4 million. Sections in this article: Introduction Maya Prehistory Colonial-Period Maya Independence Period The Twentieth Century ... Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia

86. Christopher Columbus 'executed' In Honduras - 10/14/98 Sanchez, a member of the indigenous Lenca people, ministers in San Juan Bautista, indigenous groups in honduras also took advantage of the Columbus http://www.layman.org/layman/news/news-around-church/columbus-executed.htm

Christopher Columbus 'executed' in Honduras By Paul Jeffrey Ecumenical News International Wednesday, October 14, 1998 Christopher Columbus Tegucigalpa, Honduras - History finally caught up with Christopher Columbus, October 12. After a Honduran jury, including two religious leaders, found the Italian explorer guilty of a series of crimes - ranging from theft to genocide - he was "executed" by two Lenca indigenous warriors who fired a dozen arrows into an image of one of the world's most famous explorers whose reputation has become a matter of debate and controversy in recent years. The mock execution took place on the 506th anniversary of Columbus' first landing in the Americas. "Lazy Indians" Convened by a local group, the Committee of Popular and Indigenous Organizations, the "trial" of Columbus was held in the country's capital, Tegucigalpa, in the courtyard of the national parliament, which was in recess for a public holiday to mark the anniversary. The prisoner, represented by a 2.4 meter high painting of the explorer in handcuffs, was brought before the jury and a crowd of about 2000 people. Indigenous leaders then read a long list of charges against Columbus, quoting descriptions of his actions written by his son Hernando. In all, Columbus faced 10 charges, including kidnapping, rape, slave-trading, invasion, murder, torture and genocide against the hemisphere's indigenous peoples.

87. Honduras And Deforestation The indigenous populations who reside in the Mosquitia, the region of The Miskito, Pech and Tawaka people have lived in the Mosquitia region for http://www.american.edu/projects/mandala/TED/honduras.htm

TED Case Studies Honduras and Deforestation Case Number: 440 Case Mnemonic: HONDURAS Case Name: Honduras and Deforestation IDENTIFICATION LEGAL CLUSTERS GEOGRAPHIC CLUSTERS TRADE CLUSTERS ... OTHER FACTORS I. Identification 1. The Issue The 525,000 hectares of Rio Platano Biosphere in Northeastern Honduras protect the largest intact lowland tropical and pine forests within Honduras. The official designation of the Biosphere as a reserve to protect and conserve biodiversity, however, has not halted deforestation within the protected area. The downing of maple and pine trees within the reserve affect not only the immediate surroundings but also the water supply and species conservation throughout the country. The indigenous populations who reside in the Mosquitia, the region of Honduras where the Rio Platano Biosphere is located, also face serious dilemmas as both the resources of the forest and their tribal rights to the land are under attack. RETURN TO TOP 2. Description Indigenous groups such as the Miskito, Pech and Tawaka have inhabited the Mosquitia region in Northeastern Honduras for hundreds of years. In 1980, the Honduras government set aside 525,000 hectares (almost 2000 square miles) of tropical forest in this area to be included in the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve (RPBR). The conservation of the species within this reserve has been funded by both the Honduran government and several international organizations, including UNESCO and the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF). In 1980, UNESCO also realized the importance of the Rio Platano Biosphere Reserve by placing it on its list of World Heritage Sites. Despite these protective measures, the forest within the RPBR is under attack by loggers seeking pine and mahogany and the approximately 40,000 indigenous peoples who inhabit the area are fighting to maintain the integrity of the forest.

88. Honduras Travel Information: Adventures, Cultural Ecotourism, Extreme Expedition Educational Adventure Expedition, sea kayaking honduras from Guatemala to theMosquito Help and Empower Native People Protect indigenous Cultures http://www.jpsviewfinder.com/travel/country/honduras/honduras.htm

Travel Photography Travel Information What the Guidebooks Don't Tell You! Native Planet Home Favorite Destinations Indonesia India Guatemala Panama Countries Covered Belize Costa Rica Guatemala Honduras ... Panama Countries Covered Soon Bolivia France Japan Peru ... Taiwan Ecotourism Native Planet: What is ... Mentawai Tours Rajasthan Tours Indigenous People ... Native Planet Documentaries Expeditions CASKE Siberut Irian Jaya Travel Photography ... J-Phiippe's Selection Equipment Recommendation Travel Photography Expeditions Book Recommendation Travel Photography Expeditions Travel Health Tropical Diseases Malaria Dangerous Sea Creatures Survival at Sea ... Look for a Hotel Travel Tools Currency Converter Translation Tool Measures Conversions Travel Warnings (US) ... World Clock Travel Links National Geographic Lonely Planet Sitemap Adventures in Honduras Copan was the jewel of the Mayan Empire. The Black Garifuna towns on the Caribbean resonate with Punta music. The Bay Islands are full of pirate lore and host to legendary diving. The Mosquito Coast is a wild jungle and home to indigenous Pech , and Miskito

89. Honduras This Week Online Environmental -- Environmental NGOs Rehabilitate La Ce This issue of unwillingness to pay the indigenous counterparts is delaying The people of the Mosquitia are also tired of engaños, a word that covers a http://www.marrder.com/htw/special/environment/60.htm

ENVIRONMENT Welcome to the Honduras This Week Online environment section, a permanent collection of articles related to the Environment in Honduras. Click here to return to the weekly version of Honduras This Week Online. New Indian-run NGO appears in the Mosquitia By WENDY GRIFFIN In the Department of Gracias a Dios, also known as the Mosquitia, 91 percent of the inhabitants speak a native language such as Miskito, Tawahka, Pech or Garifuna. Edgardo Benitez, the Tawahka Executive Director of CIDCA, believes it is time that indigenous peoples are co-executors of development projects in their area. CIDCA is the Independent Commission for Development and Environmental Conservation, headquartered in Tegucigalpa. Its goals are to promote, support, coordinate, and implement projects that protect, conserve and develop the native cultures of the Mosquitia and their environment. The organization also acts as a voice against projects that threaten these cultures and their environment. The non-governmental organization (NGO) came about because of a felt need for an organization run by native professionals who could articulate the desires of the people of the Mosquitia and turn these into financeable projects. These native professionals are trying to change the role of indigenous peoples in development projects, in response to previous bad experiences.

90. Honduras This Week Central America indigenous Council of CA meets in honduras able to accompany the vindicationprocesses of the historic rights of Central America’s indigenous people. http://www.marrder.com/htw/2003jun/central.htm

CENTRAL AMERICA Monday, June 16, 2003 Online Edition 23 Experts meet to boost disaster management in C.A. European Union funded housing project By LISA McKIDDIE TEGUCIGALPA — Several high level functionaries joined with academic and technical experts for the inauguration of an European Union (EU) sponsored seminar on Wednesday June 11. The three-day event, held at the Clarion Hotel, was a forum for discussion on “The Environment and Risk Reduction for Natural Phenomena.” Miguel Pastor, Mayor of Tegucigalpa, Brenie Matute, Minister of International Technical Cooperation, and Patricia Panting, Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment were amongst those present. Regional Director Caroline Clarke, an expert in disaster prevention, represented the Inter-American Development Bank. Also attending were representatives from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. The Inter-American Development Bank is planning programs that will affect development at a national level. “Our plan of action involves national systems of prevention and intervention in case of disaster,” said Caroline Clark. “We want to reduce the vulnerability of the poor, encourage private sector participation, promote regional leadership and cooperation, and provide information concerning risks to decision makers.” Central America is one of the areas of the world most vulnerable to natural disasters as a consequence of its geographical position. Its population is regularly subjected to hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, droughts, and forest fires. The poverty of the region and existing environmental problems make it difficult for governments to effectively implement both preventative and responsive measures.

91. BWNS: Standing Up For The Oneness Of Humanity In 1956 she moved to honduras, spent a year in Guatemala, Taking the Baha iteachings to indigenous people became their principal aim in life, http://news.bahai.org/story.cfm?storyid=250

92. Global Exchange : Indigenous Peoples Build Their Own Strategy At The Fourth Summ The first summit of indigenous peoples, also sponsored by the Canadian government We indigenous peoples have to build unity between North and South, http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/argentina/3388.html

Programs in the Americas Africa Americas Argentina Bolivia ... Argentina Indigenous peoples build their own strategy at the fourth Summit of the Americas Indian Country August 09, 2005 Nilo Cayuqueo Preparations for the fourth Summit of the Americas, where the heads of all states in the Americas except Cuba will meet, are underway. It will take place Nov. 4 - 5 in Mar del Plata, Argentina. In the fold of globalization, the heads of state in the Americas, including President Bush, will gather to discuss and sign new economic and political agreements. Led by the United States and Canada, the propagators and driving forces of these summits, it takes place every four years. The first summit was held in Miami in 1994. Also being organized - with economic and political support from the Canadian government, the Assembly of First Nations of Canada and the Organization of Indigenous Peoples of Argentina - is the second Summit of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, to take place in Buenos Aires one week before the presidents' summit. The first summit of indigenous peoples, also sponsored by the Canadian government under the theme ''Indigenous Peoples Connecting to the New Economy,'' took place in Ottawa in March 2001 three weeks before the third Summit of the Americas, held that year in Quebec City.

93. URGENT ACTION NEEDED!! HONDURAN GOVERNMENT THREATENS TO IMPRISON The indigenous struggles of honduras did not begin with actions taken against the pilgrimage, when thousands of indigenous people occupied the Honduran http://www.ibw.com.ni/~cgenica/urgactc7.htm

URGENT ACTION NEEDED!! HONDURAN GOVERNMENT THREATENS TO IMPRISON INDIGENOUS LEADERS FOR ACTIONS TAKEN AGAINST A STATUE OF COLUMBUS! On October 12, 1997, Dia de la Hispanidad (Columbus Day), 505 years after which Christopher Columbus discovered America, members of the Civic Counsel of Indigenous and Popular Organizations (COPIN) disfigured the statue of Columbus covering it with red paint, a symbolic amount of their own blood, painting messages deploring the genocide and ultimately pulled the statue off its base, breaking it as it fell. This date also commemorates six months since the assassination of Indigenous Chorti leader Candido Amador Recinos, whose assassins have never been brought to justice. While the Honduran government officials have launched a full fledged campaign in the press against the leaders of COPIN and threaten them with six years imprisonment, a hefty fine and restoration, the same officials have remained complicitly silent in the case of Candido Amador Recinos and the thirty seven (37) other indigenous and black activists who have been murdered in the past few years. The attack is clearly political. Jailing Indigenous leaders under the pretext of vandalism, poignantly illustrates their belief that a statue has more value than the life of a human being. Twenty-two hard fought government promises were won this year in May during the fifth pilgrimage, when thousands of Indigenous people occupied the Honduran capital of Tegucigalpa. These include the promise to deliver 22,000 acres to the Chorti people, an investigation into the murder of Indigenous leaders and increased security. A permanent resistance was mounted in Tegugucigalpa during the months of July and August to press for recognition of their human rights and completion of the accord signed in May. Unfortunately, they were unable to obtain fulfillment of any of the promises. To this date, not one acre of land has been delivered, the assassins of Recinos enjoy amnimity and Indigenous leaders continue to receive death threats and intimidation by wealthy landowners and government officials.

94. CAFOD : News And Events : Features : Letters To G8 : More Letters : Honduras honduras OCDIH We hope that a sense of brotherhood and solidarity will influence We are an organisation of indigenous people and peasant farmers in http://www.cafod.org.uk/news_and_events/features/letters_to_g8/more_letters/hond

Home Cymraeg Site map About CAFOD ... More letters Honduras Letter from Honduras Homeless with a donated mattress. Honduras was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, killing at least 5,000 people and destroying 70% of the country's crops. The damage was estimated at $3bn, setting development back by decades "We hope that a sense of brotherhood and solidarity will influence the decisions that you, as G8, will make regarding our Third World Countries." Dear Sirs, Members of the G8 countries, We are an organisation of indigenous people and peasant farmers in Honduras - the Honduran Christian Organization for Integral Development (OCDIH). We have worked for ten years with people living on the edge of survival - communities who lack medicine, education, land and small-scale farmers who find it difficult to sell their crops. For your meeting, we would like to share some information from Honduras, from UNDP reports: - 20% of the higher income population in our country receives 49.8% of the total revenue from the GNP - 20% of the lower income population receives 4.7%- GNP per capita is $900- well below the Latin American average.

95. GEsource - Search Results For Pech (Paya) indigenous People of honduras (the) This web page contains informationregarding history, culture and livelihood of the Pech (Paya) people of http://www.gesource.ac.uk/roads/cgi-bin/fullrecordsql.pl?handle=2005527-144653

96. IMADR/News On Guatemala And Maya Indigenous Peoples/2003/No.7 News on Guatemala and Maya indigenous peoples The man, believed to be fromHonduras, died Friday at DeTar Hospital Navarro in Victoria. http://www.imadr.org/project/guatemala/news7.html

97. 01.25.00 - Geography Professor Bernard Nietschmann, A Champion Of Indigenous Peo Geography professor Bernard Nietschmann, a champion of indigenous people around media the story of exploited Indian divers in honduras and Nicaragua who http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2000/01/01-25-2000b.html

UC Berkeley NEWS HOME ARCHIVES EXTRAS MEDIA RELATIONS Press Releases Image Downloads Contacts Geography professor Bernard Nietschmann, a champion of indigenous people around the world, has died of cancer at age 58 25 Jan 2000 By Robert Sanders, Public Affairs BERKELEY Crusading geographer Bernard O. Nietschmann, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, who studied and advised numerous indigenous groups around the world, died Saturday, Jan. 22, at his home in Berkeley after a two-year struggle with esophageal cancer. He was 58. Though an academic, Nietschmann was very active in helping indigenous peoples chart their own fate. "He had carved out a philosophy about what he called 'the fourth world' - indigenous people in rich and poor countries alike who have been economically and politically marginalized," said colleague David J. M. Hooson, professor emeritus of geography at UC Berkeley. "He got native peoples involved in doing their own work." In the late 1960s, while a graduate student at the University of Wisconsin, Nietschmann immersed himself in the life and culture of the Miskito Indians living along the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua. He eventually wrote several books about the area and peoples, including "Between Land and Water: The Subsistence Ecology of the Miskito Indians, Eastern Nicaragua," (1973) and "Caribbean Edge: The Coming of Modern Times to Isolated People and Wildlife" (1979).

98. MSN Encarta - Related Items - Honduras MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping Money People Chat Sign In. Web Search Maya Civilization, ancient culture of western honduras http://encarta.msn.com/related_761563646_15/indigenous_peoples.html

var fSendSelectEvents = true; var fSendExpandCollapseEvents = true; var fCallDisplayUAText = false; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Related Items from Encarta Honduras Central America Maya Civilization, ancient culture of western Honduras Pyramids (The Americas) Tegucigalpa, capital ... transportation and communications © 2005 Microsoft MSN Privacy Legal Advertise Feedback ... Help

99. Multicultural Approach To Health Needed For Well-being Of Indigenous People of the needs of different communities are key to achieving health equity amongindigenous peoples, says the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). http://www.news-medical.net/?id=3943

100. The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor In addition, local and indigenous groups contend that the intrusions on their A large number of the people living within the proposed Corridor belong to http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/colombia/puebla/mesoamerican-corri

The Mesoamerican Biological Corridor by Craig Metrick http://boto.ocean.washington.edu/americacentral/eng/ecology/conservation/mbc/index.html (Where appropriate I have included links to other websites with information on topics discussed here. Some are direct, or as direct as possible, links to organizations or documents while others offer background information or examples of points I have raised. These may not be definitive examples or original information sources but they were chosen because of availability and demonstration of the variety of activities the Corridor encompasses). Approximately 3 million years ago geologic activity, in what is now Panama, parted the ocean to reveal a land bridge between North and South America. The bridge caused dramatic changes in evolution and geography, the effects of which are still being assessed today. The Gulf Stream was created by the separation of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, thereby making the climate in Western Europe much more hospitable. Locally, the event allowed the exchange of plant and animal species between two previously isolated continents. Known as the Great American Faunal Interchange, this period of natural history had enormous influence on the present species composition of North, Central, and South America. Many species of large mammals followed the lush vegetation south from North America. Predators (including humans) soon followed their prey changing the landscape forever. Central and South America, did not have much previous experience with the effects of larger predators and prey on ecosystems. Plants, predators, and prey, were left to evolve together. The result is a series of complex ecosystems, in a delicate balance with their inhabitants and each other, where ~7-8% of the world's species live in just .5% of earth's land area.

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