61. No Privately Owned Golf Courses  On Public Lands With particular concern towards the indigenous peoples, nations and from the Maya to Tlinget from the Lakota to the Suma, from the hmong to the Sammi. http://www.winwinworld.net/GolfCourse/aim.htm

AMERICAN INDIAN MOVEMENT OF FLORIDA 17th Florida AIM State Conference Declaration of Lake Worth We, the human beings gathered here in Lake Worth, FL this Labor Day weekend of two thousand and two (2002) convened to commit to labor for a future with social, economic and political justice along with recognition of Indigenous peoples inherent and inalienable right to sovereignty and self-determination. We are the descendants of the peoples and Nations who have inhabited this vast continent of Abya Yala, Great Turtle Island or Western Hemisphere since time immemorial. We are the heirs of the original civilizations of this land, which reached the highest levels of knowledge and community doing so with respect and in harmony with the cosmos, Mother Earth and all of creation. With us were the descendants of slaves who were brought here in chains brought here from the great lands of Africa, where another Indigenous peoples had a matrix of civilizations and human culture. With us were human beings from all walks, and all cultures coming together from the four colors of man to labor together for a future with social, economic and political justice for all. With particular concern towards the Indigenous peoples, nations and communities who have suffered since the invasion of these lands more than five centuries ago.

62. E Law: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LANGUAGE As with other individuals, members of indigenous peoples2 may claim that they are it seems clear that Asian hill tribes such as the Karen and hmong, http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v2n1/devarenn21.html

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LANGUAGE Author: Fernand de Varennes LLB, LLM (LSE), Dr Jur Senior Lecturer, Murdoch University School of Law Subjects: Indigenous peoples - legal status, laws (Other articles) International law (Other articles) Linguistic minorities Issue: Volume 2, Number 1 (April 1995) Category: Refereed Articles [This article is an extract from a much larger work soon to appear in 1995 with Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, in the Netherlands, titled "Language, Minorities and Human Rights". The author wishes to thank Lise Lorrain, of Moncton, Canada, Elizabeth Handsley of Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, Professor Rosalyn Higgins of the London School of Economics, London, England, and Dr Bruno de Witte of the Rijskuniversiteit-Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands, for their kind counsel and assistance.] Language is a gift from the Creator. Embodied in aboriginal language is our unique relationship to the Creator, our attitudes, beliefs, values, and the fundamental notion of what is truth.[1] 1.0 PRELIMINARY REMARKS

63. Clearinghouse For Reviewing Ecotourism No.12 The last article describing tourism impacts on hmong girls in Sapa in the But if the plan goes ahead, indigenous peoples will be effectively impeded http://www.twnside.org.sg/title/eco12.htm

BACK TO MAIN ONLINE BOOKSTORE HOW TO ORDER CLEARINGHOUSE FOR REVIEWING ECOTOURISM, No. 12 Mekong Region: Tourism and Indigenous Peoples For this Clearinghouse issue, we have prepared documents that draw attention to tourism-related issues concerning indigenous peoples in the Southeast Asian Mekong subregion, comprising Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam and Yunnan province in southern China. Notably, most tourism to ethnic areas in the region is today being promoted and sold as “ecotourism”, from low-budget trekking tours to stays in luxury resorts located in attractive natural settings. Even motor rallies and caravans organized to open up new tourist routes often have an “eco” label attached. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) economic cooperation scheme led by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), which has become the prime mover for regional tourism development,  has reinforced this trend, by vowing to turn the entire area into “one of the world’s most important ecotourism and cultural tourism destinations” for millions of international visitors “to experience the rich, natural, historical and the diverse cultural heritage of the peoples and places along and adjacent to the Mekong/Lancang River.” The ADB believes that for the sake of nature conservation and development, highland communities should abandon their traditional lifestyles and economic activities and embrace ecotourism as an alternative source of income. In 1996, the ADB introduced a giant project for conservation management in watershed areas, which aims to resettle not less than 60 million highlanders in the GMS and to “compensate” them by offering tourism jobs. Recently, the ADB has declared this conservation-cum-tourism policy as part of its “poverty alleviation” strategy. But if the plan goes ahead, indigenous peoples will be effectively impeded from proceeding with their own forms of development consistent with their values, needs and interests, and that ultimately means the extinction of their societies and cultures.

64. Report Of The Working Group On Indigenous Second progress report on the working paper on indigenous peoples and their A representative of the hmong people spoke about displaced hmong people http://www.unhchr.ch/Huridocda/Huridoca.nsf/0/e886f5f9f3446691802567dd002efa9b?O

65. CHICO STATEMENTS the Akha and hmong in Thailand, the Tana Toraja and Dayaks in Indonesia, Yet, when viewed as indigenous peoples whose present cultures somehow http://www.csuchico.edu/pub/cs/fall_99/departments/d.expandedbookshelf.html

Letters ABC's of Affirmative Action Expanded Bookshelf Open Book Book Shelf Bookmarks A Faculty Reflection Opportunities For Giving ... Helping To Make CSU, Chico Better Asian Cultural Traditions by Carolyn Brown Heinz Department of Anthropology (Waveland Press, 1999; 417 pages; $21.95, paperback) The following excerpt is from Chapter 4, "Tribal Peoples," where Heinz discusses the collective identities of tribe, state, and ethnic group. Identification of such groups is filled with political difficulties. First, minorities are not necessarily tribal people. The Chinese are a minority in Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand, yet they are by no means tribal, nor are the Indians in Singapore and Malaysia or the Vietnamese in Cambodia. On the other hand, what is a tribe? A century of anthropological research has not resulted in satisfactory concepts, far less consensus, for identifying a tribe. Tribes tend to be defined by what they are not: they are not states. "A tribe is an animal without a central regulative system," wrote Marshall Sahlins (1968) in a famous attempt to define and describe a particular kind of social formation, the tribe. What he meant by that is that the tribe is a simpler system than the state, which has centralized political control and a monopoly on the use of force, yet the tribe is more complex than simple hunter-gatherer bands...

66. Human Rights Bibliography: Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, With Special Reference In Dams, indigenous peoples, and Ethnic Minorities, Marcus Colchester, ed. indigenous Affairs 34/99. Tapp, Nicholas (1986) The hmong of Thailand. http://www.aaanet.org/committees/cfhr/bib_hitchcock_genocide.htm

Academic Relations Ethics Government Relations Public Policy ... Minority Issues E-mail address: Password: Forgot password? Need help? Press Room Members in the News ... Section Assembly Max Rows: Go to AAA Home Genocide, Ethnocide, Ecocide, with Special Reference to Indigenous Peoples: A Bibliography Robert K. Hitchcock Department of Anthropology and Geography University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE 68588-0368 rhitchco@unlnotes.unl.edu Adalian, Rouben (1991) The Armenian Genocide: Context and Legacy. Social Education Adalian, Rouben (1997) The Armenian Genocide. In Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views , Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons and Israel W. Charny eds. Pp. 41-77. New York and London: Garland Publishing Inc. Adams, David Wallace (1995) Education for Extinction: American Indians and the Boarding School Experience 1875-1928 . Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Africa Watch (1989) Zimbabwe, A Break with the Past? Human Rights and Political Unity

67. Links To SEA Indigenous Peoples Web Sites To SEA indigenous peoples Web Sites. United Montagnard Christian Church of of the Dega People ~ official document hosted by CWIS The hmong Home Page http://www.bidness.com/dega/indiglinks.html

Links To S.E.A. Indigenous Peoples Web Sites United Montagnard Christian Church of North Carolina, led by Pastor Y'Hin Nie Montagnards.org ~ Save The Montagnards People (STMP) and the Longhouse Project Ed Scott's Bahnar and Rhade Photo Gallery ~ excellent "Mountain People" by George "Sonny" Hoffman Cedar Point Foundation ~ SF group effort to benefit the Bru Vietnam Highlands Assistance Project ~ Lutheran Family Services in the Carolinas CWIS ~ Center for World Indigenous Studies History of the Dega People ~ official document hosted by CWIS The Hmong Home Page The Nung ~ Special Forces Teamhouse Nung benefit pages Main Index S.E.A. Military-Oriented Sites Political Action and Humanitarian Sites Message Board ... General Info on S.E.A. Indigenous Peoples Send your link requests and/or Yard pics attached to pterodactyl@3rdk.com

68. The London Declaration Laws protecting indigenous peoples and the environment are undermined. Bon Xiong, hmong INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (Laos) http://www.minesandcommunities.org/Charter/londondec.htm

Mining Communities Charter The London Declaration Refuting the unsustainable claims of the mining industry Opposing current models of "engagement" Demanding full recognition of community rights We - twenty four representatives of communities and groups affected by mining from Asia-Pacific, Africa, India, South and North America - met in London from May 18-23rd 2001, to compare the impacts of mining on the lives of communities and ecosystems and to share strategies on how to confront the industry. London is the minerals capital of world, where a major proportion of global capital investment in mining is raised and the most active metals trading takes place. It is here that the international headquarters of some of the major mining companies are located, and that recent initiatives have been launched, seeking to persuade the "international community" that the minerals industry can continue many of its unacceptable practices. These initiatives include the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development programme (MMSD) which is supported by more than thirty leading mining companies, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) and the London-based International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). We have seen our peoples suffering for many years from mining in all stages and forms, and from exploration to development through to abandonment. Industrial mining has caused grievous pain and irreparable destruction to our culture, our identities and our very lives. Our traditional lands have been taken, and the wealth seized, without our consent or benefit.

69. Focusing On Education, Speakers In Permanent Forum On Indigenous Issues Stress I The Bank’s knowledge base on indigenous peoples and issues had been expanded A representative of the hmong World People’s Congress questioned how peace http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2005/hr4841.html

Home Site Map Contact Us UN Links UN Homepage UNOV Homepage UN News Centre UN Website Locator UN Webcast Latest press releases Advanced Search The United Nations in Vienna Press Releases Issued in Vienna ... Frequently Asked Questions HR/4841 20 May 2005 Focusing on Education, Speakers in Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues Stress Importance of Attention to Language, Culture, Traditional Knowledge NEW YORK, 19 May (UN Headquarters) Indigenous children were more likely to attend school if their communities participated in all decisions about the content and management of their educational systems, a top official of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) told the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues today, as it continued its fourth session. Lamenting the high number of indigenous children who failed to complete primary school, UNICEF Deputy Executive Director Rima Salah said indigenous children would feel comfortable in schools if they harmonized with their culture and traditions in a language they understood. Studies had shown that education conducted in their mother tongue allowed children to learn more quickly and transfer skills to another language. She added that education for indigenous children meant learning about their own community’s ancestral traditions and reading and counting in their mother tongues, as well as their country’s history and dominant language. Emphasizing that non-indigenous children should also receive intercultural education, she said they could then learn about indigenous cultures and languages and positive inputs indigenous peoples made to overall society.

70. Hmong Religion, Religious Beliefs, And Christianity The hmong People of Thailand Opium People of the Golden Triangle. indigenous peoples and Development Series Report No. 4. London, England and Cambridge, http://hmongstudies.learnabouthmong.org/hmonrelrelbe.html

Compiled by Mark E. Pfeifer, PhD Cha, Dia. (2003). "The Hmong 'Dab Pog Couple' Story and its Significance in Arriving at an Understanding of Hmong Ritual." Hmong Studies Journal, 4:1-20 Paj Ntaub Voice. (2003). “Art and Religion in Our Living Culture.” Volume 8(2) and Volume 9(1). Latest issue of a Hmong literary journal. Plotnikoff, Gregory A.; Numerich, Charles; Wu, Chu; Yang, Deu; and Phua Xiong. (2002). “Hmong Shamanism: Animist Spiritual Healing in Minnesota.” Minnesota Medicine 85(6): 29-34. Yang, Cziasarh Neng. (2002). Cultural capital : old Hmong culture in modern times. Ed.D. Dissertation, University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN. Hones, D.F. (2001). "The word: Religion and literacy in the life of a Hmong American." (The effects of Christian conversion on refugee clan and family relationships) RELIGIOUS EDUCATION 96(4): 489-509. Xiong, G. (2001). Knowledge, utilization, and perceptions of shamanism and Western counseling or psychotherapy by the various Hmong subgenerational groups and religious beliefs. MA Thesis, California State University, Fresno. Alison Lewis. (2000). The Western Protestant Missionaries and the Miao in Yunnan and Guizhou, Southwest China. From Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minorities in the Southeast Asian Massif, ed. Jean Michaud. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press. pp. 79-98.

71. Hmong National Development, Inc. The only national hmong organization located in Washington DC, hmong rights and cultural autonomy of indigenous peoples and oppressed ethnic minorities. http://www.hndlink.org/hip.htm

dayName = new Array ("Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday") monName = new Array ("January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December") now = new Date www.hndlink.org www.hndlink.org INTERNSHIPS Build Education Build Experience Build A Difference While there are many internship opportunities out there, the following programs are strongly recommended for Hmong students. HND can assist prospective interns. Organization of Chinese Americans National Asian Pacific American Legal Consortium Refugee International United States Department of Agriculture Office of Refugee Resettlement Association of American University Women Southeast Asian Resource Action Center Congressional Internships National Security Archives Farm Service Agencies Department of Energy Hmong National Development, Inc.

72. Aboriginal Planet - Historic First Meeting Of The UN Permanent Forum On Indigeno indigenous peoples, States, United Nations bodies, and NGOs may take part in the Tuareg and Masaai from Africa, hmong and Naga from Asia, and many more. http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/aboriginalplanet/archives/july2002/art1_main-en.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... About Us Historic First Meeting of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues The inaugural meeting of the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues was held May 13-24, 2002 at United Nations headquarters in New York. In his speech to the Forum, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan called the first session "historic", telling the world's indigenous peoples, "you have a home at the United Nations." The establishment of the Forum shows that indigenous issues have "taken their rightful place on the Organization's agenda." And the consensus among government, indigenous, and NGO participants was that the Forum was a resounding success, raising hopes for long-term progress on wide range of issues. A digeridoo opens the final afternoon of the Permanent Forum. The Permanent Forum is a new high level UN body whose mandate is to discuss indigenous issues relating to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health and human rights. It has the task of providing expert advice and recommendations on indigenous issues to the UN and its programmes, funds and agencies. It will therefore will serve as a focal point for Indigenous issues and will thus raise the profile of Aboriginal concerns within the UN system and in its member states. The Permanent Forum is unique in that representatives of Aboriginal peoples and UN member states participate in its work as equal partners. The core of the Forum is a panel of sixteen "members", who are experts in indigenous issues. Eight are drawn from UN member states and eight from indigenous organizations. Both member states and indigenous organizations elect their members by geographic region, ensuring that all parts of the globe are represented. Indigenous peoples, States, United Nations bodies, and NGOs may take part in the work of the Forum, and again, states and indigenous people participate on an equal footing.

73. [CRIS - AL] See How UK Against Indigenous Rights The UK repeatedly proposed that the term indigenous peoples should be replaced with Africa and numerous Asian indigenous peoples including the hmong, http://www.comunica.org/pipermail/crisal_comunica.org/2004-October/000987.html

[CRIS - AL] See how UK against Indigenous Rights Prof. Antonio M. Aveleyra antavel en avantel.net Mar Oct 5 13:22:31 EDT 2004 Mensaje anterior: [CRIS - AL] Crisinfo.org - news ENG ESP FRE [October 4, 2004] Próximo mensaje: [CRIS - AL] FW: ALERTA Brasil: Cinco comunicadores presos en San Pablo Mensajes ordenados por: [ fecha ] [ hilo ] [ asunto ] [ autor ] ... http://www.ngowatch.org/minorityrights.htm -Mensaje original- De: Antonio Maldonado [mailto: amaldonado en probesi.org ] Enviado el: lunes, 27 de septiembre de 2004 14:55 Para: Angel Luis Camiña Asunto: Fw: see how - Original Message - From: AGNELO To: Undisclosed-Recipient:; Sent: Monday, September 27, 2004 10:34 PM Subject: Fw: see how Mensaje anterior: [CRIS - AL] Crisinfo.org - news ENG ESP FRE [October 4, 2004] Próximo mensaje: [CRIS - AL] FW: ALERTA Brasil: Cinco comunicadores presos en San Pablo Mensajes ordenados por: [ fecha ] [ hilo ] [ asunto ] [ autor ] ... Más información sobre la lista de distribución Crisal

74. SILEWP Subject Index The indigenous peoples Rights Act “A Triumph of Political Will” hmong refugees Literacy and Uprooted Families An Educational Agenda for the http://www.sil.org/silewp/indexes/subjects.asp

SIL HOME ABOUT SIL SITE MAP SEARCH ... CONTACT US Contents Indexes Author Language Country Subject Information SILEWP Masthead Required Software Citation Format Submission Guidelines for Authors SIL Electronic Publications Book Reviews Journal of Translation Survey Reports Working Papers SIL Electronic Working Papers Subject Index Adivasi Oriya-Telugu Developing a Successful Community-Supported Literacy: The Adivasi Oriya-Telugu Adult Literacy and Development Project adult education Adult Literacy and Adult Education in the Socialist Modernization of China: Policy, Performance, Lessons Adult literacy Adult Literacy and Adult Education in the Socialist Modernization of China: Policy, Performance, Lessons Developing a Successful Community-Supported Literacy: The Adivasi Oriya-Telugu Adult Literacy and Development Project adult women Are there Age-Related Psychophysiological Barriers to the Acquisition of Literacy? Africa An Evaluation of Niger-Congo Classification age-related barriers Are there Age-Related Psychophysiological Barriers to the Acquisition of Literacy? agglutinative I Want to But I Can't: The Frustrative in Amahuaca Agta Negritos A Bibliography of the Agta Negritos of Eastern Luzon, Philippines

75. Community Solutions Online > Cultural > On-line Resources > Web Sites For many hmong families, it is difficult to understand special education and nonnative peoples; to conduct research involving indigenous peoples usage http://www.arcofkingcounty.org/guide/cultural/online/sites/

I'd like to receive updates and alerts by email A Resource Guide for Children and Adults With Developmental Disabilities Living in King County Community Connections Home Cultural On-line Resources Web Sites A B C D ... Z A AAY (Access for Autistic Youth) http://www.cultural.org/aay Info: Access Washington Resource Directory http://www.awrd.org Info: The Access Washington Resource Directory is a statewide directory of health and human services for the citizens of Washington State. B C Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice - Cultural Competency http://cecp.air.org/cultural/ Info: Answers to questions including: What is cultural competence? Why is it important? What are others doing? Includes a list of resources that provide more information about cultural competence. Included are organizations, general information, training workshops and conferences, policy and implementation resources, and a calendar of cultural competence events. Community Resources Online http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/crisisclinic/ Info: Community Resources Online (CRO) connects you with up-to-date details on thousands of services in Seattle and King County. Search our database to find the people and programs that can help you. Whether you're looking for counseling, a food bank, or any community service, you can find it here. Our goal is to help you meet your needs and find opportunities to improve with the right help at the right time

76. Multicultural_education HAP s mission is to assist hmong people to achieve their full potential by helping them American Indian Studies Research Institute indigenous peoples’ http://www.emtech.net/multicultural_education.html

Updated 2/2/05 Multicultural Education General Links African and African-Americans Cambodian Americans Latino and Hispanic Americans ... BUENO Center for Multicultural Education illustrates multicultural approaches to teaching sciences. Center for Educational Pluralism - Western Washington University Center for Multilingual Multicultural Research Center For Multilingual, Multicultural Research(CMMR) Country Studies and Area Handbooks Cultural Diversity and Early Education ... Cultural Survival international journal on human rights for indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities. CyberTrail: "Walk A Mile in My Shoes" China the Beautiful Chinese Language Related Information Page CLNET ... Diversity University of Michigan Empire Project Estonian Folklore Ethnic Dishes Extensive multicultural websites collection - University of Virginia Focus On Equity Global Calendar Hans Christian Andersen Schools of Many Voices Multicultural Laboratory Demonstration Site Historical Speeches ... Irish Literature, Mythology, Folklore, and Drama (Partial Full Text) Middle Eastern Resources Multicultural Book Review Multicultural Education (Keith Wilson) Multicultural Paths: Other Sites (University of Virginia) ... Population Maps of U.S. by Ethnic Groups

77. Indigenous People UN Working Group on indigenous peoples 14th Session 29 July - 2 August 1996 Statement of the hmong Nation before the 11th Session of the UNWGIP, http://www.sdnpbd.org/sdi/international_days/Indigenous-people/2002/un-doc.htm

Sustainable Development Networking Programme Day of Indigenous People 24-30 April 2001 Home Agenda 21 Rights of Indigenous People Reports ... Contact United Nations Documents and Submissions Latest Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Populations Progress reports of the UN Study on Treaties, Agreements and Other Constructive Arrangements Between States and Indigenous Populations First Progress Report - 1992 Second Progress Report - 1995 Commission on Human Rights Human Rights Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities Open-Ended Inter-Sessional Working Group on a Draft UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2nd Session 1996 1st Session 1995 Working Group on Indigenous Peoples 14th Session 1996 13th Session 1995 12th Session 1994 11th Session 1993 ... Other Indigenous Related U.N. Documents

78. Get Ethical - Ethical Matters It s a very difficult callshould indigenous peoples be left alone? Trips in northern Thailand include visits to Karen, hmong and Mmien villages. http://www.ethicalmatters.co.uk/articles.asp?itemID=198

79. Seeking A Safe Haven Vang testifies before UN to stop hmong persecution in Laos to the Subcommission on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of indigenous peoples in Laos. http://www.uwstout.edu/ur/np/2003/fea_hmong.html

News Plus Feature Seeking a safe haven Vang testifies before UN to stop Hmong persecution in Laos "States are not moral agents, people are, and can impose moral standards on powerful institutions." Noam Chomsky Prison plight Rev. Naw Karl Mua, a St. Paul, Minn., pastor, accompanied Vang to Geneva. Mua and two foreign journalists were imprisoned by the Lao PDR in early June and were sentenced to 15 years in prison. The trio was released on July 9, 2003 due to intervention by France, Belgium, the United States and the international community. After the appearance of an article in Time Asia detailing the pressing plight of the Hmong freedom camp in Saisombum, Mua traveled with the French and Belgium journalists as an interpreter. The three spent several days in a Hmong camp in the Laos jungle. While en route to another camp in early June, they were arrested. Although they were eventually released, their Hmong guides remain in prison. For more information, visit the

80. HURIGHTS OSAKA - Resistance To Development And Militarization - Report On The Se Militarization of indigenous peoples territories is one of the common Male child preference is strong in some ethnic groups, such as the hmong in http://www.hurights.or.jp/asia-pacific/no_36/05.htm

Resistance to Development and Militarization - Report on the Second Asian Indigenous Women's Conference Mieko Fujioka Indigenous women from various parts of Asia gathered in Baguio city, the Philippines, on 5-8 March 2004 for the second Asian Indigenous Women's Conference (AIWC). This gathering was held 11 years after the first AIWC. About a hundred people, including observers, from 13 countries participated. There were no Ainu women participants. The author participated on behalf of an Ainu woman. The conference was organized by the Asian Indigenous Women's Network and Tebtebba, and hosted by INNABUYOG-CWERC (Cordillera Women's Education and Resource Center). Development, militarization, and anti-"terrorism" A major issue in the conference was the link between globalization and development and its effect on indigenous women in Asia. In the Cordillera (Philippines), indigenous vegetable growers have been badly hit by the influx of cheap vegetables from China and other countries. A participant from Yunnan, China reported that the policy of the Chinese government forces indigenous farmers to produce cash crops. But only a handful succeeded in it. Many are increasingly being pressured to abandon their communities and migrate to cities in order to survive. With the entry of "suicide seeds" [i] or other genetically engineered seeds of high yielding varieties marketed by transnational corporations, indigenous women farmers are now losing the role of keeper of indigenous seeds. They now have to buy seeds, which is an added drain on their already limited cash.

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