61. Uhhp.com Important Dates In Haiti S History Home More About haiti . Professor Corbett haitian history Files. PreColumbian Period 1492 - 1697 1743 - 1790 1791 - 1792 1793 - 1802 http://haiti.uhhp.com/important_dates/

62. Haiti : Country Studies - Federal Research Division, Library Of Congress Overview of life, history, and culture by the US Library of Congress. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/httoc.html

The Library of Congress Especially for Researchers Research Centers Home ... Country Studies Haiti Find in Federal Research Division Pages Researchers Web Pages All Library of Congress Pages A Country Study: Haiti Library of Congress Call Number Please note : The current Country Study was previously in a multi-country volume. Chapter numbers reflect those used in the printed book. Haiti Foreword Acknowledgements Preface ... Public Order Appendices Appendix A. Tables Appendix B. Caribbean Basin Initiative Bibliography Glossary ... Search Database Choose a Country Study Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belize Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Bulgaria Cambodia Chad Chile China Colombia Caribbean Islands Comoros Cyprus Czechoslovakia (Former) Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Estonia Ethiopia Finland Georgia Germany Germany (East) Ghana Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Latvia Laos Lebanon Libya Lithuania Macau Madagascar Maldives Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Mongolia Nepal Nicaragua Nigeria North Korea Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines

63. Haiti - History haiti FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January 1804, as the result of the only successful slave rebellion in world history. http://countrystudies.us/haiti/4.htm

History Haiti Table of Contents HAITI FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January 1804, as the result of the only successful slave rebellion in world history. The country's longevity as an independent nation in the Western Hemisphere is second only to that of the United States. Over this span of almost two centuries, however, the country has never known a period free of tyranny, repression, political conflict, racial animosity, and economic hardship. Haiti, the first black republic in modern times, sprang directly to self-governance from French colonialism, a system that had a profound impact on the nation. Haiti's colonial origins had demonstrated that an illiterate and impoverished majority could be ruled by a repressive elite. The slaveholding system had established the efficacy of violence and coercion in controlling others, and the racial prejudice inherent in the colonial system survived under the black republic. A lightskinned elite assumed a disproportionate share of political and economic power. The chaotic and personalistic nature of Haitian political culture combined with chronic underdevelopment to provide fertile ground for a succession of despots, strongmen, and dictators. Even the few national leaders whose election apparently reflected popular sentiment, such as Dumarsais Estimé (1946-50) and François Duvalier (1957-71), rejected constitutional procedures in favor of retaining personal power. The popular revolt that deposed President for life Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971-86) demonstrated the Haitian people's rejection of parasitic despotism. At the same time, however, the revolt reaffirmed another lesson of Haitian history: violence has often been the only effective route to change.

64. Haiti - Dayti, Haïti Official web sites of haiti, the capital of haiti, art, culture, history, cities, airlines, embassies, tourist boards and newspapers. http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/haiti.htm

Advertise here One World - Nations Online the countries of the world Home Continents The Americas Haiti A virtual destination guide to Haiti, this page is about many aspects of the "mountainous land" how the Taino indians named the island. Search and locate official web sites from the island state, and find comprehensive information on the nation in its diversity: The Haitian culture, history and geography. Get key information on Haiti's economy, education, science, environment, population, and government. You will have access to news from Haiti and you may visit Haitian cities. Find maps and other information for adventure travel and tourism in Haiti. The Presidential Palace Official Sites Map News Culture ... Additional Links Country Profile Flag of Haiti Background: Haiti is the western part of the island Hispaniola, which was an important strategic location in the 17th century used by the Spaniards and France. In 1804 former African slaves established independence from France, and renamed the area Haiti, it became the world's oldest black republic. About 95% of Haitians are of African descent. In 1934, after a 19-year occupation by U.S. military forces, Haiti regained sovereign rule.

65. Haitian History History Of Haiti Haiti S History Questia.com Research Haitian history at the Questia.com online library. http://www.questia.com/library/history/caribbean-and-west-indian-history/haitian

66. AHAD - 1804-2004: Celebrating Haiti's History And Bi-centennial Independence Thr Association For Haitian American Development, Inc. http://www.ahadonline.org/projects/celebThroughArt/cecile.htm

Cécile Accilien, Ph.D Editor in Chief 1804 - 2004 Celebrating Haiti’s History and Bi-centennial Independence Through Art Portland State University Post Office Box 751 Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 Tel (503) 725-8784 Fax (503) 725-5276 E-mail: caccilien@pdx.edu Education Tulane University New Orleans, LA PH.D. in French, 2002 Dissertation Topic:“Diasporic Bonds: Literary and Filmic Representation of Marriage in Francophone Africa and the Caribbean." University of Louisiana at Lafayette Lafayette, LA December 1997 Master’s thesis: “Ensoleillé vif d’Edouard Maunick: Une étude thématique” Montclair State University Montclair, N.J. May 1995 1993-1994 Study Abroad Université de Franche-Comté Besançon, France

67. AHAD - 1804-2004: Celebrating Haiti's History And Bi-centennial Independence Thr Association For Haitian American Development, Inc. http://www.ahadonline.org/projects/celebThroughArt/Ulrick.htm

Ulrick Jean-Pierre The artist Biography Ulrick Jean-Pierre was born in Roseaux, a community near the town of Jeremie, Haiti. After a brief encounter with the Haitian style of work, Ulrick decided to direct his painting toward the course of academic disciplines. He is a graduate of Le Foyer Des Arts Plastiques in Haiti. He also studied at the University of the Arts, formerly the Philadelphia College of Arts, and the Fleisher Memorial School of Arts. A recipient of many prestigious awards, Ulrick Jean-Pierre is also the subject of numerous articles in some of the most famous newspapers and magazines. His works figure in private collections, museum, galleries and universities in Haiti, the United States, Canada, Europe and Africa. His portrait of former President Jimmy Carter hangs in the Carter Library in Atlanta. He was chosen to paint the portrait of Reverend Sarah Potter Smith for the permanent collection of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia where he has held several exhibitions. Jean-Pierre's historical paintings were recently exhibited at the Meadows Museum of Arts in Shreveport, Louisiana. This show, titled Haitian Cultural Legacy , conceived by the curator/collector Dr. Jean Brierre, was awarded

68. The Traditional Religion Of Vodun (Voodoo) In Haiti Collection of scholarly and informative documents, by various authors, on the history and practice of Vodun (Voodoo) in haiti; part of an even larger site on haitian history in general. http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/43a/index-faa.html

The traditional religion of Vodun (Voodoo) in Haiti Hartford Web Publishing is not the author of the documents in World History Archives The history of superstition in general in the Republic of Haiti Introduction to Voodoo in Haiti By Bob Corbett, March 1988. Basic concepts, key terms, and issues discussed in outline form. Comment on Bob Corbett, Introduction to Voodoo By Jeffrey Altepeter. 28 July 1995. Reflections on ways to regard Haitain Voodoo By Bob Corbett, Spring 1988. Philosophical perspectives. Three primary ways of regarding virtually any phenomena we observe or hear about or hear claimed: a) Naturally, b) Psycho-naturally, c) Transcendentally. Comment on Corbett, Reflections on Ways to Regard Haitian Voodoo By Bob Corbett, December 1991. A brief chronology. A suggested chronological structure for the history of Voodoo, but no elaboration of that perspective. A Guide to Zombie Movies By Lisa Willey, 17 December 1991. A long list of movies and their characterization, which is an important source and expression of Western orientalization of Haitian culture.

69. History - MROH - Mission Reach Out Haiti Mission Reach Out haiti is a nonprofit humanitarian organization committed to improving the quality of life for the people of haiti. http://www.missionreachout.org/history.html

Just $20 a Month Will Feed, Educate, and Provide Medical Care For a Poor Haitian Child Christopher Columbus discovered the Island of Haiti. The population, estimated at one million, lived there off fishing and hunting. 1804 (January 1st): Proclamation of Independence The Dominican Republic declares its independence from Haiti Haiti comes under the military occupation of the United States of America The United States occupation of Haiti ends and the U.S. Marines leave Haiti Dr. Francois Duvalier is elected President for Life. Jean- Claude Duvalier succeeds his father as President for Life. Jean Claude Duvalier flees Haiti for Talloires in France Jean Bertrand Aristide, a Catholic Priest, wins the presidential election with a majority vote. A military coup against Jean-Bertrand Aristide drives him out of Haiti. A commercial embargo against Haiti is approved by the thirty-four nations of the Organization of American States. The U.S. military intervention into Haiti.

70. Haiti From Ayti To Democratic Republic In 500 Years By Carla And history TimeLine (Return to Topic Index). haiti, has a history punctuated by strife, domination, internal conflict and power struggles. http://gbgm-umc.org/missionvolunteers/haiti/history.htm

Haiti: From Ayti to Democratic Republic in 500 Years by Carla and Ted Warnock November 20, 1998 Topic Index Go to Introduction Go to Names of Haiti Go to Geography Go to Climate Go to First Inhabitants Go to Spaniards Go to French Go to Language Go to Religion Go to Culture Go to History Time-Line (1492 to 1996) Go to Selected Dates Go to Government Go to Economy and Industry Go to Health Care Go to Education Go to Current Events in 1998 Go to Web Page References to Current Events Go to References Haiti 1. Introduction (Return to Topic Index) Regardless of the name and place in time you learn about this West Indies island, it is important to understand that every change in the country's name was at the expense of the inhabiting people. Haiti's people have been repeatedly exterminated, its natural resources have been repeatedly decimated, its cultural composition repeatedly altered with each bold and physical struggle for economic domination and control and finally for independence and democracy. It is a struggle that in many respects, continues to this day. Names of Haiti (Return to Topic Index) Quisqueya Ayti (Ayiti / Hayti) Names of the island home of the kingdoms of the Tainos, the Arawak tribes of Indians. Ayti means beyond the mountains or mountainous country.

71. Early History Of Haiti haiti is the first republic in the world to have been led by a person of African descent JeanJaques Dessalines. A summary of the formation of haiti as a Republic. http://pasture.ecn.purdue.edu/~agenhtml/agenmc/haiti/history.html

72. Haiti - HISTORY haiti history. haiti FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January The Revolution of 1946 was a novel development in haiti s history, http://www.mongabay.com/reference/country_studies/haiti/HISTORY.html

COUNTRY STUDIES Haiti - HISTORY Haiti - History HAITI FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January 1804, as the result of the only successful slave rebellion in world history. The country's longevity as an independent nation in the Western Hemisphere is second only to that of the United States. Over this span of almost two centuries, however, the country has never known a period free of tyranny, repression, political conflict, racial animosity, and economic hardship. Haiti, the first black republic in modern times, sprang directly to self-governance from French colonialism, a system that had a profound impact on the nation. Haiti's colonial origins had demonstrated that an illiterate and impoverished majority could be ruled by a repressive elite. The slaveholding system had established the efficacy of violence and coercion in controlling others, and the racial prejudice inherent in the colonial system survived under the black republic. A lightskinned elite assumed a disproportionate share of political and economic power. The chaotic and personalistic nature of Haitian political culture combined with chronic underdevelopment to provide fertile ground for a succession of despots, strongmen, and dictators. Even the few national leaders whose election apparently reflected popular sentiment, such as Dumarsais Estimé (1946-50) and François Duvalier (1957-71), rejected constitutional procedures in favor of retaining personal power. The popular revolt that deposed President for life Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971-86) demonstrated the Haitian people's rejection of parasitic despotism. At the same time, however, the revolt reaffirmed another lesson of Haitian history: violence has often been the only effective route to change.

73. Haiti National Security - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resour haiti National Security Flags, Maps, Economy, history, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics http://www.photius.com/countries/haiti/national_security/haiti_national_security

Country Ranks INDEX for Haiti History ... Feedback Haiti National Security http://www.photius.com/countries/haiti/national_security/haiti_national_security_national_security.html Sources: The Library of Congress Country Studies; CIA World Factbook Back to Haiti National Security Figure from a painting by Prosper Pierrelouis CONSOLIDATION OF POLITICAL POWER in the hands of strongmen has made the armed forces the institutional pillar of Haitian society. Born of revolutionary violence and plagued by socioeconomic deterioration, Haiti never succeeded in building civilian institutions capable of rivaling military rule. Part of Haiti's history is the story of competing mercenary bands ( cacos ) and peasant groups ( piquets ), who fought a ramshackle military. The United States occupation, after 1915, reversed the collapse of national institutions that had marked this part of Haiti's history. But the most visible product of the occupation, ironically, turned out to be the Garde d'Haïti, which has evolved into today's armed forces, the Haitian Armed Forces (Forces Armées d'HaïtiFAd'H). The military has continued to be Haiti's only truly national organization with any degree of institutional cohesion. A shrewd autocrat, François Duvalier (1957-71) ruthlessly suppressed all opposition groups. Duvalier purged the army of individuals suspected of disloyalty and brought the remaining soldiers under his absolute control. A powerful paramilitary counterbalancing organizationthe Volunteers for National Security (Volontaires de la Sécurité NationaleVSN), or

74. Kwabs.com/greater Antilles/Haiti General Background; history; Geography; Map of haiti; Population; Politics; Culture; Toussaint memoirs Toussaint Signature Le code Noir (french text) http://www.kwabs.com/haiti.html

General Background History Geography Map of Haiti ... maps.expedia.com G eneral Background Haiti occupies the western portion of the Island of Hispagnola which was named Kyskeya, Bohio (land, country, habitat) or Haiti (mountainous land) by its original Tainos/Arawaks inhabitants. The eastern part of the island is occupied by the Dominican Republic The island of Kyskeya (Hispagnola or Espagnola) is the second largest of the greater Antilles. It was discovered by Christopher Columbus during his first voyage on December 6 1492. According to Columbus Log book, he came to the Island after discovering Cuba. From the southern tip of Cuba, he sailed on a south east direction and landed on the northwestern tip of Hispagnola (Kyskeya). H istory The impressions of Columbus on his first contact with the island are recorded on his log book. Columbus Log book, Thursday, December 6 1492 "At the hour of vespers, we entered a harbor that I named Puerto de San Nicholas, in honor of San Nicholas (St. Nicholas) because it was his feast day. As I approached the entrance of this harbor, I marveled at its beauty and excellence. Although I have praised the harbors of Cuba greatly, this one is even superior, and none of them is similar to it....... I hope to God that I can have some good trade in gold before I return to Spain. "

75. Profotos - History Of The Country Of Haiti The history of the country of haiti, overviewing the times of haiti since the times of Columbus, through modern day. http://www.profotos.com/galleries/larrydavis/haitiproject/history/index.shtml

CONTACT US FAQ'S SEARCH Search Profotos Site ADD URL PHOTOGRAPHER LIST Haiti History DIGITAL CAMERAS Reviews and prices of digital cameras at Digital Camera HQ SELL YOUR USED CAMERA GEAR We'll pay cash for your gear - all brands. SELL YOUR PHOTOGRAPHY Sell your photographs for a profit 1. Project Overview 2. Project Mission 3. Fellowship Info. ... 4. Guestbook Get the Pro Guide! Enter your email address: The Haiti Project - History of Haiti A tiny tropical island sits in the Caribbean, decorated with palm trees and colorful hibiscus flowers. Its mountains stand majestically looking down upon sandy beaches and green valleys. From afar it appears as any other island one might encounter sailing the turquoise waters of the Caribbean. Yet, as we draw closer we notice a difference. There are no tourist resorts dotting the coasts, no high rise hotels with sand volleyball courts and marimba bands. This is Haiti, this is different. If the land could speak it would tell of tragedy and violence, of abuse and bloodshed, of power and greed. Why does the country stand apart from its neighbors? The answer lies in the turbulent history of this tiny nation.

76. Haiti Country Guide - History And Government - World Travel Guide Provided By Co World Travel Guide haiti - Overview, Visa and Passport requirements, vacation advice, holiday guide, international travel, travel agent, business trip, http://www.worldtravelguide.net/data/hti/hti580.asp

OAS_sitepage = URL + '/Caribbean/Haiti/HistoryandGovernment'; document.write('Research Haiti hotels at TripAdvisor'); Contact Addresses Overview General Information Passport/Visa ... Haiti Haiti History and Government History: During the rest of the 19th century, Haiti was under the control of a succession of dictators, none of whom had the wherewithal to resolve the conflict between the country’s two main ethnic groups: the mulattos, who held political power, and the blacks. Early in the 20th century, the US took control of Haiti, sending troops in at one stage to support the regime. After 30 years as a US protectorate, Haiti was returned to local rule after World War II. A succession of military governments followed before Haiti began the transition to civilian rule. Presidential elections were held in mid-December 1990 under the supervision of the United Nations and brought to the presidency the radical priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Nine months later, army chief Brigadier-General Raoul Cedras seized power in a military coup. Aristide was exiled. In June 1992, the army installed a civilian government under Marc Bazin, one of the conservative presidential candidates defeated by Aristide. 12 months later, as the country suffered under the weight of international opprobrium, a deal between the Cedras/Bazin regime and Aristide allowed the latter to come back to the country. Political violence, orchestrated by a right-wing militia known as the Front Revolutionnaire pour l’Avancement et le Progrès d’Haiti

77. Campus Ministry Haiti Trip haiti s history and still informs the relationship between the US and haiti. Then, in successive galleries, we see elements of haiti s history between http://www.kingave.org/haititrip.htm

King Avenue United Methodist Church Campus Ministry Click here to view Haiti slide show Haiti Trip Transforms Hearts By Rev. Don Wallick, Campus Minister Despite a just-started war in Iraq and increased security checks in all the airports we flew through, our Spring Break trip to Haiti went off without a hitch. Many of you have seen and heard about the trip as we've shared in worship on April 6th and had a pictorial display in the milling area for several Sundays. One of the first things we do when we arrive in Haiti is go to the National Museum. I know that sounds awfully "touristy," but there's a reason I like to go there. One of the first displays the guide takes us to contains artifacts and scenes of the period immediately after Christopher Columbus landed in Haiti (do you recall from your grade-school history class that's where Columbus landed first in 1492?). The first thing we see is one of the anchors from the Santa Maria. Then we see cases holding the swords and weapons Columbus' men carried. Then a mural created long ago which depicts Columbus and his crewmen cutting off the hands and carving out the eyes of the native Arawak Indians who refused to pay tribute to them. That may seem a grim way to begin a trip such as this, but the legacy of colonialism colors all of Haiti's history and still informs the relationship between the U.S. and Haiti.

78. The Lambi Fund Of Haiti - History history. Sculpture The Lambi Fund of haiti was founded in 1994 by haitians, haitianAmericans, and North Americans. The Lambi Fund draws its name from the http://www.lambifund.org/about_history.htm

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79. CARE - Virtual Field Trip - Haiti Walk through city streets and rural villages in the poorest country of the Western Hemisphere in this virtual tour, and learn about the country's culture, history, and people. Includes journal entries, a photo album, recommended books and related links. http://www.careusa.org/vft/haiti/index.asp

Other Field Trips... return to careusa.org Bolivia Ecuador Ghana Guatemala Guatemala 2002 Haiti Honduras Kosovo Madagascar Mali Nepal Peru Peru 2001

80. The Crisis In Haiti haiti S history. Killer floods hit Gonaïves Unnatural roots of haiti s disaster The history of haiti includes both brutal oppressionmuch of it http://www.socialistworker.org/Featured/Haiti.shtml

The crisis in Haiti SUBJECTS BELOW: Crisis and struggle in Haiti Haiti's history U.S. imperialism and Latin America Background to Latin America's crisis LATEST NEWS AND ANALYSIS Since the U.S. coup that toppled Aristide one year ago... George Bush promised that the U.S. would bring democracy to Haiti. One year later, more than 3,000 people are dead, and the right wing is on the rampage. CRISIS AND STRUGGLE IN HAITI Why did Aristide fall? Jean-Bertrand Aristide arose as a leader of the mass movement against dictatorship in Haitibut his compromises with U.S. imperialism helped set the stage for his overthrow. The killers that Washington backs Amy Goodman, host of the left-wing radio show Democracy Now! U.S. topples Aristide Author Robert Fatton on the background to the crisis "A war waged on the Aristide regime" U.S.-connected businessmen and military thugs behind the opposition If the anti-Aristide opposition succeeds in its aim of ousting Haiti's president, they will try to turn back the clock to the days when military officers and paramilitary gangs ruled Haiti through terror. HAITI'S HISTORY Unnatural roots of Haiti's disaster As many as 2,500 people may be dead in Haiti, and hundreds of thousands face starvation after a heavy storm tore across the country. But this nightmare has roots which are anything but natural.

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