21. Haiti: History only nine months after becoming the first freely elected president in Haiti s history. Haiti s military leaders relinquished power under an amnesty, http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0858544.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Site Map Sponsored Links TripAdvisor Haiti (Caribbean) Encyclopedia Haiti History Early History to Independence Haiti became France's most prosperous colony in the Americas and one of the world's chief coffee and sugar producers. The pattern of settlement took the French south in the 18th cent. and society became stratified into Frenchmen, Creoles, freed blacks, and black slaves. Between the blacks and the French and Creoles were the mulattoes, whose social status was indeterminate. When French-descended Creole planters sought to prevent mulatto representation in the French National Assembly and in local assemblies in Saint-Dominque, the mulattoes revolted under the leadership of Vincent . This rebellion destroyed the rigid structure of Haitian society. The blacks formed guerrilla bands led by Toussaint L'Ouverture , a former slave who had been made an officer of the French forces on Hispaniola. Rigaud and cooperated with the remnant of French governmental authority. In 1795, Spain ceded its part of the island to France, and in 1801 Toussaint conquered it, abolished slavery, and proclaimed himself governor-general of an autonomous government over all Hispaniola. Napoleon sent his brother-in-law, Gen. Charles

22. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Haiti History Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides encyclopedia articles covered under this topic. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/categories/haithist.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 22, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia A-Z ... Latin America and the Caribbean Haiti History Articles Danish West Indies Tonton Macoutes SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

23. AllRefer Encyclopedia - Haiti History, Biographies Encyclopedia AllRefer.com reference and encyclopedia resource provides encyclopedia articles covered under this topic. http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/categories/haithistbio.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 22, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia A-Z ... Biographies Haiti History, Biographies Articles Alexandre PEtion AndrE Rigaud Edward Seaga Eric Williams ... Vincent OgE SITE MAPS Encyclopedia US Gazetteer: US States A-C US States D-H US States I-L US States M ... Countries A-Z Content on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. We accept no responsibility for any loss, injury or inconvenience sustained by any person resulting from information published on this site. We encourage you to verify any critical information with the relevant authorities. About Us Contact Us Privacy Links Directory ... Par Web Solutions Site best viewed in 800 x 600 resolution.

24. Haiti Flag, Haiti History, Culture Of Haiti, Economy Of Haiti, History Of Haiti Haiti Flag, haiti history, Culture of Haiti, Economy of Haiti, History of Haiti, Flag of Haiti, People of Haiti, Information on Haiti, Haiti Flag, http://www.mapsofworld.com/country-profile/haiti1.html

To provide information on Haiti, Maps of World offers Economy of Haiti, Haiti people, economy and culture, Haiti people's culture and other such details Maps of World People of Haiti About 95 percent of the people of Haiti are of African origin. The remaining 5 percent is made up of mulatto and other races. As education is not easily accessible to the people, the rate of literacy is low, only 45 percent. Majority of the people are Roman Catholics. Arts, Culture and Music of Haiti Haitian culture fuses African, French, and West Indian elements. Formerly a social divider, the Creole language is now being used in attempts to define a national culture. The language is used in literature, drama, music, dance, and some governmental functions and the country has to its credit several outstanding libraries. Haitian works of art are enjoying increasing worldwide recognition. Flag of Haiti The flag of Haiti contains two equal horizontal bands of blue, at the top; and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength). Please click here to view the Flag of Haiti Economy of Haiti Haiti has a third world economy where nearly 70% of the populace depends mainly on agriculture, which employs 68 percent of the labor force. Manufacturing, services, and tourism are the next largest employers. About 50 percent of the labor force is unemployed. Estimates show that unemployment combined with underemployment affect about 85 percent of the labor force. In 2001 Haiti's per capita gross domestic product was very less, leading it to rank among the poorest countries. To add to its economic woes, political conflicts have further led to suspension of international aids.

25. Haiti Map, Haiti History, Haiti Profile, Haiti Information, Haiti Economy, Haiti Map of Haiti, Haiti Map, History of Haiti, haiti history, Haiti Profile, Haiti Information, Haiti Culture, Haiti Economy, Haiti Religion, Haiti Weather, http://www.mapsofworld.com/haiti/

Maps of World Haiti Country Profile of Haiti Flag of Haiti Advertisement www.mapsofworld.com from the promoters of www.mapsofindia.com , the world's largest site on Indian Maps.

26. Haiti History & Haiti Culture | IExplore haiti history One of the first places at which Columbus landed during his epic voyages of the 1490s was the island of Hispaniola. The island was then known http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Haiti/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Caribbean Haiti History E-mail this page Haiti Travel Guide View Trips to Haiti Browse Haiti Photos Read Haiti Journals Haiti Questions and Answers Find a Haiti Travel Buddy Caribbean Overview Overview Tours Where to Go Activities ... Shopping Haiti History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; A succession of military governments followed before Haiti began the transition to civilian rule. Presidential elections were held in mid-December 1990 under the supervision of the United Nations and brought to the presidency the radical priest Jean-Bertrand Aristide. Nine months later, army chief Brigadier-General Raoul Cedras seized power in a military coup. Aristide was exiled. In June 1992, the army installed a civilian government under Marc Bazin, one of the conservative presidential candidates defeated by Aristide. 12 months later, as the country suffered under the weight of international opprobrium, a deal between the Cedras/Bazin regime and Aristide allowed the latter to come back to the country. Political violence, orchestrated by a right-wing militia known as the Famni Lavalas In 2003 a wave of protests against Aristide quickly spread throughout the country plunging Haiti into chaos. By 2004, armed rebels had seized control of many towns and violence spread across the island. In February 2004, Aristide fled the country and now lives in exile in South Africa. Drug traffiking and corruption are major problems hampering the restoration of the country.

27. Haiti History haiti history Please submit information or links explaining haiti history. http://www.hobotraveler.com/hi2haitihistory.php

Haiti History Haiti History Please submit links or URL to History of this country for other travelers to understand and appreciate how to travel in this country. Explain events, stories, places to go, or the best Historical destinations. History ! Click Here to Add a New Travel Link or Comment Add a New Travel Link or Comment To Add a Travel Link to this Hobotraveler.Com page fill out the form below and click submit. GOT a Travel Tip or something to say about a topic? Adding a comment is easy! Just, fill out the Name, E-mail, Title, Location, Comments fields and click 'Add Comment'. * indicates required fields needed for posting a comment Name: E-Mail Address: Site Title/Title: Webpage: City: State/Province: Country: Comments: If you would like to receive the credit for referring another travel site as a great resource for budget travelers please fill in these two fields. Referred By: Referred By's Website: By submitting to HoboTraveler.com, you agree to the HoboTraveler.com Terms of Service Please submit URL or add link explain the History of these countries. Acadia History Afghanistan History Albania History Algeria History ... Korea Dem. Peoples Republic History

28. Haiti History haiti history. haiti history overview of historic events. World66 the travel guide you write. Recent Changes. You are not logged in login register http://www.world66.com/centralamericathecaribbean/thecaribbean/haiti/history

Haiti History - overview of historic events the travel guide you write Recent Changes Home Destinations Mapsonomy ... Haiti Sections Haiti Map Sights History ... [Add Section] Map View Enlargement History [edit this] [Upload image] The Spaniards used Hispaniola (of which Haiti is the western part and the Dominican Republic is the eastern) as a launching point to explore the rest of the Western Hemisphere. French buccaneers later used the western third of the island as a point from which to harass English and Spanish ships. In 1697 Spain ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France. As piracy was gradually suppressed some French adventurers became planters making Saint-Domingueas the French portion of the island was then calledone of the richest colonies of the 18th century French empire. During this period African slaves were brought to work the sugarcane and coffee plantations. In 1791 the slave populationled by Toussaint L'Ouverture Jean Jacques Dessalines and Henri Christopherevolted and gained control of the northern part of Saint-Domingue. In 1804 local forces defeated an army deployed by Napoleon Bonaparte established independence from France and renamed the area Haiti. The defeat of the French in Haiti is widely credited with contributing to Napoleon's decision to sell the Louisiana territory to the United States in 1804. Haiti is the world's oldest black republic and the second-oldest republic after the United States in the Western Hemisphere. Haitians actively assisted the American Revolution and independence movements of Latin American countries.

29. Haiti History And Revolution haiti history and revolution. Haiti was self sufficient at the time and its early inhabitants lived in perfect harmony with the land that they use to http://www.heritagekonpa.com/archives/A LOOK AT HAITIAN HISTORY FROM A HAITIAN P

A Look At Haitian History 1803-2003 200 Years Of Indepedence By Noe Dorestant, E.E. Special Independence Edition Haiti (Ayiti) meaning, "Land of mountain", was first given its name by its first inhabitants the More Headlines Haitians Demand The Recall Of Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Haiti En Danger Haiti's `Garden of Eden' torn apart in search for arable land Apology 'Not Good Enough' ... Empowerment through Education , Western Union SKAH SHAH #1 "THE REUNION" Pictures Of Haiti Arrawaks and the Caraibe Haitian Indians, who were a peaceful and happy people. In those days, before 1492 (before the so called discovery of Haiti) there were five well organized kingdoms in Haiti: the Magua, the Marien, the Xaragua, the Maguana, and the Higuey. Haiti was self sufficient at the time and its early inhabitants lived in perfect harmony with the land that they use to cultivate a great deal of the foods that Haitians still eat today. They also practice hunting to get meat. They worshiped nature and had traditional rituals performed at the rhythm of the drumbeat. Then came Christopher Columbus and the life on this paradise peaceful island would never be the same. Colonial powers have since 1492 claimed and occupied Haitians land. Starting in 1492 with the Spanish, then the French and later on the English to name a few.

30. Haiti History Upon taking consideration of Haiti s political and economical stability, who thought they knew what was best for Haiti or better yet, as history will http://www.heritagekonpa.com/Haiti archives/Haiti History.htm

A Look At Haitian History 1803-2003 200 Years Of Indepedence By Noe Dorestant, E.E. Special Independence Edition Haiti's national palace flying the Haitian national flag, "symbol of a small nation with the willingness to live in liberty, with order and work under the aegis salutary of public peace." Haiti's countryside still has reminiscence of its war of bravery for independence. The ruins of its forts and the life style of its impoverished people remind us that it has paid dearly to maintain its status of independent nation from 1804 to this day. As Dessalines would have said if he were alive today: "Vivre libre ou mourir!" "Live free or die!". Meanwhile his legacy survives. Haiti that was once surnamed the pearl of the Antilles because of its wealth in gold and other precious metals and stones, and its natural beauty, has lived to see its resources and its heritage exploited and mismanaged by its sons, daughters and foes alike. Would Haiti rise up from his ashes? That is the question that we keep on asking as we approach the year 2004 (Haiti's bicentennial, 200 years of independence).

31. Haiti: History GBGM provides extensive resources on mission concernsglobal news, advocacy, evangelization, theology (John Wesley) and houses hundreds of UM groups. http://gbgm-umc.org/country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=44

32. Aslan Youth Ministries - Haiti History haiti history. Early History to Independence Hispaniola Source haiti history. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. © 1994, 2000, 2001, 2002, http://www.aslanyouth.org/haiti/haitihistory.html

Home Who We Are Local Programs Haiti Missions ... Site Map Haiti History Hispaniola Birth of a Colony Toussaint Louverture Struggles of Nationhood ... Haiti -Basic facts Haiti Missions Reports: coming soon coming soon coming soon coming soon Haiti Slide Show Photo Albums Haiti History Early History to Independence - Hispaniola Birth of a Colony -back to top- Toussaint L'Ouverture A peace was negotiated, and Toussaint, taken by trickery, died in a French prison; but the revolt continued and forced the French troops, already ravaged by yellow fever, to withdraw. The rebels received unexpected aid from U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, who feared that Napoleon would use Saint-Dominque as a base to invade Louisiana. In 1804, Haiti became the second nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States, to win complete independence. -back to top- The Struggles of Nationhood -back to top- The Duvalier Dynasty -back to top- Jean-Bertrand Aristide Starting in 1986 there were several brief attempts at civilian democracy, each terminated by a military coup. In September 1991, Jean-Bertrand Aristide was forced to flee the country only nine months after becoming the first freely elected president in Haiti's history. The United States and the Organization of American States responded with a trade embargo, and in 1993 a UN-sponsored oil embargo was imposed. An accord in 1993 providing for Aristide's return was repudiated by the army, which used terrorist violence to maintain power.

33. Haiti History History. HAITI FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January 1804, as the result of the only successful slave rebellion in world history. http://www.country-studies.com/haiti/history.html

History HAITI FORMALLY RENOUNCED its colonial bond with France in January 1804, as the result of the only successful slave rebellion in world history. The country's longevity as an independent nation in the Western Hemisphere is second only to that of the United States. Over this span of almost two centuries, however, the country has never known a period free of tyranny, repression, political conflict, racial animosity, and economic hardship. Haiti, the first black republic in modern times, sprang directly to self-governance from French colonialism, a system that had a profound impact on the nation. Haiti's colonial origins had demonstrated that an illiterate and impoverished majority could be ruled by a repressive elite. The slaveholding system had established the efficacy of violence and coercion in controlling others, and the racial prejudice inherent in the colonial system survived under the black republic. A lightskinned elite assumed a disproportionate share of political and economic power. The chaotic and personalistic nature of Haitian political culture combined with chronic underdevelopment to provide fertile ground for a succession of despots, strongmen, and dictators. Even the few national leaders whose election apparently reflected popular sentiment, such as Dumarsais Estimé (1946-50) and François Duvalier (1957-71), rejected constitutional procedures in favor of retaining personal power. The popular revolt that deposed President for life Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971-86) demonstrated the Haitian people's rejection of parasitic despotism. At the same time, however, the revolt reaffirmed another lesson of Haitian history: violence has often been the only effective route to change.

34. Haiti History, Haiti A chapter in the history of Haiti has just come to a close and the Haitian people are preparing to write a new one. The resignation of President Aristide http://creekin.net/k11471-n80-haiti-history-haiti.html

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Haiti History Haiti Principal Locations Cap Haitien Jacmel Jeremie Port-Au-Prince Resources Haiti Nouvelles Haiti Observateur Haiti Population Port Au Prince Haiti ... Yahoo Haiti Haiti History Haiti Radio Network Haiti Culture Haiti Flag Haiti Weather ... Jacmel Haiti Haiti History Haiti (02/05) Read More A chapter in the history of Haiti has just come to a close and the Haitian people are preparing to write a new one. The resignation of President Aristide marked the end of a process that once held bright hopes for freeing Haiti from the violence and despotism that has plagued it since its independence two hundred years ago. Sadly, that hope remains unrealized. The challenge before the international community now is to help the people of Haiti finally break the cycle of political misrule that has caused so much misery. ... [ Read More Haiti at the Crossroads of Democracy In hindsight, the Aristide regime bore too much of a resemblance to the Duvalier regime. Despite his early promise and lipservice to democracy, the Aristide years were yet another disappointing chapter in Haitian history. The lesson is that democracy is not an election, a street demonstration, or a dusty legal document, it is a way of living and working together and, as such, it is contingent on what people do and how they treat one another. Leaders can undermine a republic and their own legitimacy by their actions and that is how a people can lose their democracy. ... [

35. Haiti History Haiti National Security THE MILITARY IN HAITIAN HISTORY ARMY POLITICS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY François Duvalier, 195771 Jean-Claude Duvalier, http://www.countryreports.org/history/haitihist.htm

History of Haiti This page has changed if you are not redirected click here

36. History - Haiti - Caribbean: Haiti History, Christopher Columbus, Country Planta haiti history, christopher columbus, country plantation, french revolution, honor spanish, black man, american revolution, experience french, http://www.countriesquest.com/caribbean/haiti/history.htm

you are here home Caribbean Haiti History Haiti, History About 800 Haitian volunteers fought in the American Revolution (1775-1783) under French general Marquis de Lafayette and thereby gained some military experience. The French Revolution, which began in 1789, inspired the Haitian Slave Revolt of 1791. This rebellion was led by Toussaint Louverture, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Henri Christophe, Alexandre Sabes Petion, and Jean-Pierre Boyer. By 1794 forces under Toussaint Louverture (today known as “the Precursor”) had freed the colony’s slave population and rid it of its French and British presence. By 1801 Toussaint Louverture ruled the entire colony. Although Toussaint Louverture was captured by French forces in 1802 and died a prisoner in France, the rebellion he had fostered did not die. In 1804 Dessalines declared Haiti to be the world’s first black republic. Unfortunately, most of the country’s plantation infrastructure had been destroyed and all the experienced administrators had been eliminated. In 1806 Dessalines was assassinated, and for some years thereafter the northern part of Haiti was held by Christophe. In the southern part of the island a republic was established by Petion. Upon the death of Christophe in 1820, Boyer, the successor to Petion, began to consolidate his power throughout the island. He succeeded in unifying Hispaniola under his rule in 1822. In 1844 the eastern two-thirds of the island declared its independence as the Republic of Santo Domingo, now the Dominican Republic.

37. Haiti History From Patrick Young Inside recent haiti history (Editor s note for the past 2 decades Patrick has And if the Bush administration and past history have any say, Haiti will http://www.sunmt.org/haitiyoung.html

Inside recent Haiti History (Editor's note: for the past 2 decades Patrick has been a one-man foreign aide program for Central America and Haiti. He has taken bus loads of medical supplies and tools to these countries. He knows the territory from firsthand experience with the people. By Patrick Young In 1994, President Clinton sent in the Marines to restore the elected president of Haiti. It was a simple act of decency that earned him no votes. It was about as popular as sending troops to Somalia, and was quickly forgotten by most Americans. Last week, in a move of staggering hypocrisy, President Bush sent in the marines to help a gang of ex death squad leaders, drug dealers and cashiered military men retake control. It does sounds unbelievable, but even the generally sympathetic US press had to point out this glaring fact. Guy Philippe, the so called "rebels" leader, is actually a mutinous former police chief who fled Haiti in 2000 after he and his cronies attempted to overthrow the legal government. He and now feuding partner Louis Chamblain, (a convicted murderer and death squad leader) the leaders of this phony "rebellion", have been on the payroll of drug traffickers for years. Interestingly enough, Philippe also trained with the US Secret Service in 1995, and in all likelihood was groomed for the role he is now playing by the CIA. Philippe, ever so respectful of the democrat process, promised to kill the elected president if he did not flee, and then murdered his way south to the capital, killing over 100 allies and supporters of the President.

38. Act Of Independence By Haiti 1804 ensuring to the natives of Haiti a stable government — the object of his greatest solicitude, Toussaint L’Ouverture Archive haiti history Archive. http://www.marxists.org/history/haiti/1804/liberty-or-death.htm

Haiti 1804 Act of Independence Translated : for marxists.org by Mitch Abidor. LIBERTY OR DEATH Year I of Independence Today, January 1, 1804, the General in Chief of the Indigenous Army, accompanied by generals and army chiefs convoked in order to take measures tending to the happiness of the country: The generals, imbued with these sacred principles, after having with one voice given their adherence to the well manifested project of independence, have all sworn before eternity and before the entire universe to forever renounce France and to die rather than live under its domination. Signed: Dessalines General-in-Chief Christophe, Pétion, Clerveaux, Vernet, Gabart Major Generals P.Romain, G. Gérin, L. Capois, Jean-Louis Francois, Férou, Cangé, G. Bazelais, Magloire Ambroise, J.J. Herne, Toussaint Brave, Yayou Brigadier generals Bonet, F. Paplier, Morelly, Chevalier, Marion Adjutants-general Magny, Roux Brigade Chiefs Chaperon, B. Goret, Macajoux, Dupuy, Carbonne, Diaquoiainé, Raphael, Malet, Derenoncourt Army officers Boisrond Tonnerre Secretary Haiti History Archive

39. Haiti Books Online Store - Haitian Books - Livres CD .. haiti weather historia de haiti history of haiti history on haiti haiti hotels Haiti Government Haiti Politics National Haiti Security haiti history http://www.slgafi.org/polo/store/Scripts/prodView.asp?idProduct=147

40. Haiti - Haiti History Haiti travel guide. Find out what is worth to see in Haiti. Read Haiti travel tips. http://www.odyssei.com/travel-tips/9644.html

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