61. Inter Pares - Publications - Bulletins - September 2004 - Africa: Citizenship In Building Citizenship in guinea Bissau From Dreams to Reality to protectingthe environment and building a culture of citizenship in guinea Bissau. http://www.interpares.ca/en/publications/bulletins/html/bul-sept_2004/page2.php

You are here: Home Publications Bulletin - September 2004 Building Citizenship in Guinea Bissau: From Dreams to Reality For over ten years, Inter Pares has been accompanying Tiniguena, an organization dedicated to protecting the environment and building a culture of citizenship in Guinea Bissau. Inter Pares staff member Sylvie Perras writes of her recent visit. A festive spirit reigns in Abu, on the island of Formosa, which is about to host the third assembly of the Urok complex. This decision-making body is gathered to adopt the management plan for the Urok islands' coastal area, which was developed over three years with local communities to ensure the sustainable development of their natural resources. To day is an important step in this participatory and democratic process, where men and women, young and old, from the islands of Formosa, Nago, and Chedia are designing together a better future for all, one that melds development, spirituality, and culture. The Urok development plan is inspired by the traditional knowledge and practices of the Bijagos people. Tiniguena has facilitated the community-development process, starting first with the creation of committees, then larger village and island assemblies, finishing at last with the creation of a space that brings together people from the three islands - the Urok Assembly. To reach Formosa, in the Bijagos archipelago, from the capital Bissau takes a good two hours. I take my place in the boat with Augusta Henriques of Tiniguena and other partners, who are co-conspirators in this project. The boat bucks the waves, going against the strong tide, leaving us drained and drenched to the bone but not having dampened our enthusiasm. We pull onto shore in a thicket of mangroves. In the village, the women greet us, dancing. The joy and effervescence in the air are palpable.

62. International Workshop On « Armed Conflicts, Peace Culture And Protection Of Cu africa by Mamadi Koba Camara, Direction Nationale de la culture, guinea cultural and natural heritage in West africa like elsewhere in africa is a http://www.ifla.org/VI/4/admin/wamp-may03.htm

Programme des Musees de l'Afrique de l'Ouest / West African Museums Programme (WAMP) IN THIS SECTION: General Report Recommendations Appeal of Conakry Motion of Thanks ... List of Participants International Workshop on: "Armed conflicts, peace culture and protection of cultural heritage in West Africa" Conakry, 19 - 21 May 2003 Workshop organized with the support of the Ford Foundation and UNESCO General Report The international workshop, "Armed Conflict, Peace Culture and the Protection of Cultural Heritage in West Africa," took place in Conakry, Guinea from May 19 th rd , 2003 in the conference room of the Central Bank of the Republic of Guinea. This workshop organized by the West African Museums Programme (WAMP) in partnership with the Guinean Ministry of Youth, Sports and Culture, and with the support of the Ford Foundation and UNESCO, brought together 30 participants from 8 countries in West Africa: Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Senegal. Other institutions were also represented at this meeting including the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA), ICCROM, AFRICA 2009, Programme for Museums Development in Africa (PMDA), High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR), International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Guinea, Office of International Humanitarian Law (DIH) of Guinea, and the ECOWAS Parliament. Objectives of the workshop: The main objective of this workshop was to bring together museum professionals, military personnel, conflict resolution experts, community leaders and representatives of NGOs and regional and international organizations in an effort to:

63. Language And Culture:  What Is Language? The most well known one is Pidgin English in New guinea. been pidgins developedby nonEuropean cultures as well, including the Zulus in South africa, http://anthro.palomar.edu/language/language_2.htm

What is Language? Many animal and even plant species communicate with each other. Humans are not unique in this capability. However, human language is unique in being a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically inherited. Symbols are sounds or things which have meaning given to them by the users. Originally, the meaning is arbitrarily assigned. For instance, the English word "dog" does not in any way physically resemble the animal it stands for. All symbols have a material form but the meaning can not be discovered by mere sensory examination of their forms. They are abstractions. Do the following words sound or look like the animal shown here: canis chien , hund , perro (They all are words for dog in European languages.) A word is one or more sounds that in combination have a specific meaning assigned by a language. The symbolic meaning of words can be so powerful that people are willing to risk their lives for them or take the lives of others. For instance, words such as "queer" and "nigger" have symbolic meaning that is highly charged emotionally in America today. They are much more than just a sequence of sounds to us. A major advantage of human language being a learned symbolic communication system is that it is infinitely flexible. Meanings can be changed and new symbols created. This is evidenced by the fact that new words are invented daily and the meaning of old ones change. This allows us to respond linguistically to major environmental, historical, and social changes.

64. Oakland: A Big Leap For African Dance, Drums Both are big men in their native country of guinea in West africa and getting Sano is renowned for exporting guinean culture worldwide through his dance http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/08/06/EBG

65. Papua New Guinea History & Papua New Guinea Culture | IExplore New guinea has been inhabited by various peoples from throughout Asia for some After 1945, New guinea reverted to Australian administration before the http://www.africa.com/dmap/Papua New Guinea/History

Home Travel Country Guides News ... Contact Us advertisement Papua New Guinea Travel Guide View Trips to Papua New Guinea Australia and the South Pacific Overview Browse Papua New Guinea Photos Papua New Guinea Questions and Answers ... Shopping Papua New Guinea History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; New Guinea has been inhabited by various peoples from throughout Asia for some 10,000 years. Its recorded history began with the visits of Portuguese explorers in the early 16th century, followed by Dutch traders. The Dutch East India Company took control of the western half of the island, which became a colonial possession attached to the Dutch East Indies in 1828. The territory was then split between the British and Germans in the 1880s until after World War I, when it was transferred in its entirety to the control of Australia, endorsed by a United Nations mandate. Most of it was occupied by the Japanese during World War II. Pangu Pati , in 1992. Since the 1987 general election, which left no party in overall control, all governments have been composed of coalitions. The current administration, which was elected in June 2002, is headed by Somare, who is now serving his third term as premier.

66. IRIN Africa West Africa GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA-BISSAU Two of the ruling African Party for the Independence of guineaBissau and Cape Verde There is a long-standing culture of impunity for acts of violence http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=48162&SelectRegion=West_Africa

67. Papua New Guinea Culture, Guinea What Do guinea Pig Eat guinea africa guinea Pig Behavior guinea Ecuatorial Program Information – Ambassador s Fund for Cultural Preservation http://creekin.net/k11307-n77-papua-new-guinea-culture-guinea.html

Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact Papua New Guinea Culture Guinea Principal Locations Bok© Conakry Dabola Dalaba ... Timbo Resources Guinea Pig Fact Breeding Guinea Pig Guinea Pig Care Guinea Harness Pig ... Equatorial Guinea Flag Papua New Guinea Culture Map Of Equatorial Guinea How To Take Care Of Guinea Pig Guinea Fowl New Guinea Tribe ... Guinea Ecuatorial Papua New Guinea Culture Papua New Guinea (09/04) Read More Background Notes Archive - East Asia and the Pacific Background Notes: Papua New Guinea, October 1998 Released by the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific AffairsU.S. Department of StateOfficial Name: Independent State of Papua New GuineaPROFILEGeographyLand area: 452,860 sq. km.; about the size of California.Cities: Capital Port Moresby (pop. 300,000). Other cities Lae (88,172), Mt. Hagen (70,850).Terrain: Mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills.Climate: Tropical. NW Monsoon, Dec-Mar. SE Monsoon, May-Oct.PeoplePopulation: 4.5 million.Annual growth rate: 2.3%.Languages: English (official), Tok Pisin, Motu, and about 715 other languages.Education: Years compulsory 8. Literacy 72.2%.Health: Infant mortality rate 59/1,000. Life expectancy men 57 yrs.; women 58 yrs.GovernmentType: Constitutional monarchy with parliamentary democracy.Constitution: September 16, 1975.Branches: Executive British monarch (chief of state), represented by governor general; prime minister (head of government). ... [ Read More US Department Of State Post Report The Government of Papua New Guinea requires official travelers to obtain visas abroad before applying for entry to Papua New Guinea. In the United States, application should be made to the Embassy of Papua New Guinea, 1779 Massachusetts Ave., Suite 805, Washington, D.C. 20036 (Tel: (202) 745-3680; Fax: (202) 745-3679). Personnel assigned to Port Moresby should also obtain a multi-entry visa for Australia valid for the duration of their tour of duty. U.S. citizen TDY visitors transiting Australia to and from Port Moresby cadobtain electronic Australian visas through their carrier, but should ensure that they are issued multiple entry visas as well. No vaccinations are required of American citizens entering Papua New Guinea directly from the United States via Australia. PetsLast Updated: 12/31/1999 6:00 PM ... [

68. Internet Public Library: Africa Articles and interviews on lesserknown aspects of African culture. Literature,music and film reviews. Noticias de guinea Ecuatorial http://www.ipl.org/div/serials/browse/rci05.00.00/

dqmcodebase = "/javascript/" Subject Collections Business Computers Education ... Africa This collection All of the IPL Advanced Sub-headings: African History Resources in this category: You can also view Subject Collections Associations on the Net under this heading. Africa Update http://www.ccsu.edu/Afstudy/archive.html "Features include articles, editorials, poems, essays, reviews, and conference announcements regarding political, social and cultural life in Africa." African Studies Quarterly: The Online Journal of African Studies http://web.africa.ufl.edu/asq/ "ASQ is an interdisciplinary, fully refereed, online journal dedicated to publishing the finest scholarship relating to the African continent." African Voices http://www.info.usaid.gov/regions/ "African Voices is a quarterly newsletter that provides a forum for dialogue on democratization in Africa; news and analysis of USAID and its collaborators' activities in civil society; profiles of African non-governmental organizations working in civil society; internet resources; publications; and conference highlights.""USAID is an independent federal government agency that conducts foreign assistance and humanitarian aid to advance the political and economic interests of the United States. " Africana Libraries Newsletter http://www.indiana.edu/~libsalc/african/aln/index.html

69. Country Profile: GUINEA | Africa You are in Country Profiles africa West africa guinea offering regularlyupdated news and features on politics, culture and sports in guinea) http://www.essex.ac.uk/armedcon/world/africa/west_africa/guinea/default.htm

The Children And Armed Conflict Unit Guinea Flag You are in: Country Profiles Africa West Africa Guinea BBC Country Profile: Guinea BBC Timeline: Guinea CIA World Factbook: Guinea UNICEF Statistics ... La Lance (French-language magazine offering regularly updated news and features on politics, culture and sports in Guinea) Le Lynx (French-language magazine belonging to the same publishing group as La Lance) Guinea: Refugees still at risk - continuing refugee concerns in Guinea (Human Rights Watch) (July 2001) Refugees subject to serious abuse (Human Rights Watch) (July 5, 2001) Guinea: Refugees must not be forced to choose between death in Sierra Leone or death in Guinea (Amnesty International) (April 5, 2001) "They raped me until I lost all sense of where I was"

70. TRAVEL.com ® RegionalAfricaGuineaSociety And Culture TRAVEL.com local travel guides, low fares for airline tickets, hotels reservations,car rentals, travel deals, cruises and vacation packages, weather. http://www.travel.com/Regional/Africa/Guinea/Society_and_Culture/

71. Afromix - Music Le portail des cultures africaines et Antillaises. CongoKinshasa Equatorial guinea Gabon Rwanda São Tomé e Príncipe. East africa http://www.afromix.org/html/musique/

@import url("/layout/css/afromix/fixed.css"); Skip site navigation Skip section navigation Search Peripheral Links English Header And Logo Site Navigation Home News Music Culture ... Society Sub menu Introduction Artists Styles Instruments ... eCommerce Section Navigation All French West Indies Haiti Guyana ... Trinidad and Tobago North Africa All Algeria Egypt Libya ... Tunisia Ouest Africa All Benin Burkina Faso Cape Verde ... Togo Central Africa All Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic ... Rwanda East Africa All Djibouti Erythrea Ethiopia ... Uganda Southern Africa All South Africa Angola Botswana ... Zimbabwe Indian Ocean Comoros Madagascar Mauritius Seychelles ... Reunion Informations About Faq Contribute Submit an Article Music Discover Bibliography News Uganda: Juliana Must Be a 'Rich Girl' Juliana Kanyomozi is proving to be more than just a musician, thanks to her producer Steve Jean. If you were part of the crowd that turned up for her 8-track Nabikoowa album launch at the Didi's World Auditorium on Friday, you would know what I am talking about. Little wonder that her profile in the four-paged handout that fans received at the entrance branded her the 'phenomenal woman.' ( AllAfrica Uganda: More Money for Kanyomozi Just a day after her Platinum Concert where she launched her Nabikoowa album, there came an award in favour of the title hit. (

72. Equatorial Guinea : Culture : Selected Internet Resources (Portals To The World, culture Equatorial guinea. Created and maintained by the African Middle EasternDivision, Collections and Services Directorate http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/amed/eguinea/resources/eguinea-culture.html

The Library of Congress Global Gateway Portals to the World Equatorial Guinea Find in Portals Web Pages Global Gateway Pages All Library Web Pages Culture: Equatorial Guinea Created and maintained by the Collections and Services Directorate Includes performing and visual arts, film, music, museums, theater, folklore. Check sites listed under 'General' for more information and under 'Search Engines' for more sites. African Women Writers (http://www.arts.uwa.edu.au/AFLIT/FEMECalphabetique.html) Alphabetical list of women writers in the languages Afrikaans, English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. African Writers: Voices of Change (http://web.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/writers.htm) African literature site from the University of Florida with links to literature, discussion groups, journals, biographies, study guides and more. AfroMix.org (http://www.afromix.org/static/disco/pays/index.en.html) Provides information on music, bands, artists, labels, biographies, etc.

73. People And Culture Of Senegal The jembe is perhaps the most wellknown West African instrument throughout theworld. It originated with the Malinke in Mali, guinea, and eastern Senegal, http://www.africaguide.com/country/senegal/culture.htm

HOME CONTACT US LINK TO US NEWS LETTER ... CHARITIES Jump to a Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo Dem.Rep. Congo (Zaire) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Bissau Guinea Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Senegal Country Info INTRODUCTION VISITOR INFORMATION ACCOMMODATION TOURS AND SAFARIS ... FAVOURITE LINKS Shopping BOOKS AND MAPS MUSIC People Languages ... Religion PEOPLE The population was estimated in 2002 at about 9,8 millions , of which a quarter live in the agglomeration of Dakar, it is composed of many ethnics. The Wolofs, are the most represented (35%), they make up the majority in all the regions, especially in the centre, the north and the coast of Dakar and Saint Louis. The farmers and the merchants, of Muslim faith for the majority, there importance is certain in the nations economy. The Lebous, established in fishing communities in the peninsula of Cap-Vert and in Saint Louis are related. The Pulaar (20%), is composed of the Foulbes, Peuls and Toucouleurs, in the northern Senegal, the Fouta Toro, historical source for the propagation of Islam in Senegal, make up the cultural birthplace, they are very active in the commercial domain, as well as breeding and irrigated farming. they populate the Senegalese river valley and the Ferlo region.

74. Equatorial Guinea History & Equatorial Guinea Culture | IExplore As an impoverished African backwater, Equatorial guinea attracted little international Equatorial guinea is a member of the Central African Customs and http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Equatorial Guinea/History

FORBES' #1 ADVENTURE TRAVEL SITE 5 YEARS IN A ROW TIME MAGAZINE TOP 50 Keyword Search: Home Trip Finder Travel Guides Community ... My iExplore advertisement Home Travel Guides Africa Equatorial Guinea History E-mail this page Equatorial Guinea Travel Guide View Trips to Equatorial Guinea Browse Equatorial Guinea Photos Read Equatorial Guinea Journals Equatorial Guinea Questions and Answers Find a Equatorial Guinea Travel Buddy Africa Overview Overview Tours Where to Go Activities ... Shopping Equatorial Guinea History Sponsored Listings Add your listing adsonar_pid=3019;adsonar_ps=370666;adsonar_zw=540;adsonar_zh=220;adsonar_jv='ads.adsonar.com'; The area now occupied by Equatorial Guinea and the island of Bioko was first colonized by the Portuguese in the late 15th century and developed as a major slave market. In 1788 the territory was handed over to the Spanish who ran it as a protectorate of Spanish Guinea until 1959. At this point the colony was granted internal self-government and full independence followed in 1968. The first decade was blighted by the brutal and incompetent rule of President Macias Nguema. He was overthrown in a military coup led by his nephew, Lieutenant Colonel Teodoro Obiang, in 1979. Initially, conditions improved somewhat, as Equatorial Guinea gained international recognition and aid; it also joined the CFA Franc Zone. Relations with Spain, the former colonial power, remained touchy, as its bilateral aid was made dependent on progress in democratizing the political system.

75. Guinea: Afropop Country -- West Africa, Wassoulou, Griot Music, African Jazz guinea, wassoulou, griot music, African jazz, , guinea s 1960s dance bands blended In few other African nations are history and cultureincluding music http://www.afropop.org/explore/country_info/ID/17/Guinea/

Love African music? Get our free e-Newsletter! Home Radio Explore Archives ... Back to Country Page Guinea In few other African nations are history and cultureincluding music cultureso profoundly intertwined. Guinea's Atlantic Ocean coast includes the source of the Niger River, which winds north as far as the Sahara desert before turning southward toward its mouth in Nigeria. Upper Guinea participated in a succession of powerful empires, Ghana and Mali early in the second millennium, and the Islamic states of Fouta Djallon and the Tukulor Empire in the 19th century. Music in Guinea Guinea's political and economic woes have undermined one of the richest and most exciting music scenes of the early post-colonial period. So perhaps it's not surprising that Guinean music identifies more strongly with pre-colonial ethnic groupings rather than the nationalism of the modern era. Guinea's great instrumentalists, singers, and traditional pop bands are best thought of as part of a cultural continuum that includes what is now Mali, Gambia, Senegal, Ivory Coast and other countries in the region. Guinea's position as part of the larger Manding diaspora is especially important. In Gambia, the kora rules Manding music; in Mali, it's the ngoni (or koni); in Guinea, the wooden-slatted balafon is the most important instrument for accompanying griot singers. As such, balafon parts find their way into a great deal of Guinean pop. Echoes of Cuba are strong in Guinea's modern music. While this is true to some extent about Manding traditional pop, and much other pop, throughout West Africa, the degree to which Manding melodies and harmonies and Cuban rhythms merged in Guinea is striking. Old and new Guinean pop songs are instantly recognizable because of this characteristic.

76. Voluntary Work In West Africa, Cultural Visits To Guinea, West Africa. Drum And Voluntary work in guinea West africa. Drum and dance tuition also available. Batafon Compound Because of its cultural blend, guinea s dance and music http://www.batafonarts.co.uk/visiting_guinea.htm

Batafon Arts run trips each year to Guinea and the Gambia, West Africa. Visits can be arranged for two, three or four weeks, or longer if you would like. Workshops in djembe, balafon and African dance are available daily. If you already drum or are a dancer, this is an excellent opportunity to improve your skills and experience the wonderful culture of these West African countries. Expert tuition is by local musicians who can be seen performing at local village events. If you are interested in other instruments, let us know. Because of its cultural blend, Guinea's dance and music are among the most vibrant in Africa. You can learn traditional West African percussion, dance, cooking, language, culture - any or all of this! And the people there like to learn about your culture and traditions too. The trip is suitable for all levels of musician - beginners, those who have some experience and professionals. Everyone can learn something and being immersed in the African vibe is a good way to begin. Guinea is not particularly known for shopping, but among the items available are musical instruments such as Djembe, Balafon and Kora. Also, tie-dyed, indigo or batik cloth, pottery, braided leather goods and wood carvings. Guinea has a very active pop music industry and favorites include Les Amazones, Mory Kante and TeleJazz de Telimele. (Les Amazones, a pop music group with 15-20 members, is entirely made up of policewomen!)

77. Afrol News - African News Agency culture Arts Beninese artist exposes African injustice in Europe afrol News -Romuald Hazoumé is exhibiting a Ex-Dictator winning guinea-Bissau poll http://www.afrol.com/

Africa News afrol News Frontpage Latest News Subscriptions Countries ... afrol News closed for holidays in August As last year, the news agency will close its regular services in August this year. afrol News will re-start reporting on African affairs in its popular and analytic way in September, and we look forward to see you all again then! afrol in English - ¡y en español By COUNTRY - Africa news Algeria Angola Benin Botswana ... Zimbabwe * not recognised About afrol News: Note to e-mail users: This service will be cancelled March 2005. Email Login Password E-MAIL service to be cancelled in March 2005! Index of the Internet in Africa (links) Links All Categories Countries Culture ... FGM COUNTRY Links Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Brazzaville Congo Kinshasa (DRC) Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Swaziland Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Western Sahara Zambia Zimbabwe Currency Converter: Converts between African and other currencies afrol News - News from Africa Niger Agriculture - Nutrition Niger aid doesn't reach famine victims afrol News - A month after large funds finally were freed to help the millions starving in Niger, it becomes clear that there are insufficient capacities to ship food aid to those most in need. An average of 40 children are now dying each day in the Zinder region due to "misdirected" food aid.

78. Afrol News - Your Portal To Africa! The only independent news agency dedicated exclusively to africa. Arts culture africa, Arts culture global, Economy Finance, Education http://www.afrol.com/html/Index/indexpages.htm

Africa News afrol News Frontpage Latest News Subscriptions Countries ... Subscriptions Welcome to your African portal. afrol.com - african online services Your guide to Africa and the Internet afrol INDEX pages! Welcome to the afrol INDEX pages ! This is your window to the www orld. Here you'll find all possible links about Africa and subjects that might interest you. Our categorization follows two parallel structures: subject categories and countries. Countries are of higher priority, meaning that if you look for links about Namibian cooking, you should go directly to Namibia, and look for culture, gastronomy there. However, you'll find the same links in culture, countries, Namibia. On this page - you'll find "Jumps" to country index pages and main categories. » Next, there is an

79. Guinea Culture guinea culture Please submit information or URL about guinea culture. Central African Republic culture Ceskoslovensko culture Ceylon culture http://www.hobotraveler.com/cu_guineaculture.php

Web Hobotraveler.com Guinea Culture Guinea Culture What is Culture? Describe the culture or explain the culture of this country or submit links to pages. Opinions, comments, ideas about the culture of this country. Thank you, Andy a HoboTraveler.com Click Here to Add a New Travel Link or Comment Add a New Travel Link or Comment To Add a Travel Link to this Hobotraveler.Com page fill out the form below and click submit. GOT a Travel Tip or something to say about a topic? Adding a comment is easy! Just, fill out the Name, E-mail, Title, Location, Comments fields and click 'Add Comment'. * indicates required fields needed for posting a comment Name: E-Mail Address: Site Title/Title: Webpage: City: State/Province: Country: Comments: If you would like to receive the credit for referring another travel site as a great resource for budget travelers please fill in these two fields. Referred By: Referred By's Website: By submitting to HoboTraveler.com, you agree to the HoboTraveler.com Terms of Service Acadia Culture Afghanistan Culture Albania Culture ... Zimbabwe Culture Subscribe to Free Travel Newsletter! FREE weekly TRAVEL NEWSLETTER Top Travel Sites 2004 TRAVEL INSURANCE INSUREANDGO.COM

80. Guinea Coast, 1800-1900 A.D. | Timeline Of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum Elsewhere on the guinea coast, exslaves from Europe and the Americas return Fusing European and African traditions, a vibrant creole culture develops http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/10/sfg/ht10sfg.htm

See also Central Africa Eastern Africa Southern Africa , and Western and Central Sudan Northwestern Nigeria experiences a mixing of cultural traditions as various ethnic groups enter the region following the disintegration of Hausa and Yoruba states and the organization of the Sokoto caliphate in that region. To the southwest, Abeokuta becomes a celebrated center of Yoruba woodcarving as noted sculptors establish workshops there, while its neighbors to the west, the Anago and Ketu Yoruba, develop the gelede masquerade. Elsewhere on the Guinea coast, ex-slaves from Europe and the Americas return to Africa and settle at Sierra Leone, Liberia, and other points along the coastline. Their ranks are augmented by liberated slaves confiscated by the British Navy as it enforces its ban on the international slave trade. Well-educated and highly skilled, these populations comprise a successful mercantile class that constitutes an economic and cultural bridge between European and African peoples. The Asante and Dahomey states continue to expand their economic and territorial interests, but by the latter half of the century their ascendance is checked by the emerging European colonial presence.

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