81. Indigenous Cultures Of Costa Rica History of Costa Rica s indigenous Cultures. The Montagua Valley in guatemala,is the only site in all the hemisphere where what we know as jade is http://costarica.tourism.co.cr/indian2.htm

Huetar-Bribri-Cabecar-Guaymi-Chorotega-Boruca-Guatuso-Terraba 1. Guatuso Indian Reserve (Malekus) 2. Matambu Indian Reserve 13. Boruca Indian Reserve 5. Nairi-Awari (Barbilla) 16. Salitre Indian Reserve 17. Cabagra Indian Reserve 7. Bajo Chirripo Indian Reserve 8. Guaymi / Osa Peninsula 19. Telire Indian Reserve 9. Guaymi / Conte Burica 20. Cabecar -Talamanca 10. Guaymi / Coto Brus 21. Bribri Talamanca 11. Guaymi / Abrojos Montezuma 22. Kekuldi Indian Reserves (Cocles) Some information on the indigenous cultures The day Columbus landed on what is today called "Isla Uvita", in front of Puerto Limón, more than a quater of a million people and no less than eight different ethnic groups were living in the area. The northern cultures of Costa Rica (Chorotegas) had great influence from the Aztec and Maya culture, they were the southernmost culture of what is known as Mesoamerica. The Chorotegas spoke the Nahuatl language from the Mayas and Aztecs.

82. Guatemala Section Population Figures And Profile Sub-section 2 The Agreement on Identity and Rights of indigenous People, signed in 1995,acknowledges that the Guatemalan nation is multiethnic, multicultural and http://www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/wViewCountries/99E

www.idpproject.org Guatemala Section : Population Figures and Profile Sub-section : Geographic distribution Guatemala menu List of sources Maps Majority of IDPs were indigenous farmers from Quiché, Huehuetenango Chimaltenango and Alta Verapaz (2003) Although displacements started in the late 80s they peaked between 1981-1983 80% of the population fled from the departments of Quiché, Huehuetenango, Chimaltenango and Alta Verapaz Indigenous people represent about 60% of the overall population of Guatemala, including the Maya, Garífuna and Xinca people Very high proportion of population of Maya-Quiché origin from very poor provinces Department of El Quiché in the western highland had the highest number of IDPs representing half of the total national estimate in 1998 "The majority [of the displaced] were rural indigenous from the south-west, north and north-west of the country. By the mid-1980s, the majority (54 per cent) settled in other communities of the same ethnic group, 16 per cent were settled in army-controlled model villages, 12 per cent fled to urban centers ad 8 per cent went into hiding in the highlands." (ILO May 2000, "History") "Si bien es cierto el conflicto armado afectó a todo el país, en el nor-occidente y las áreas fronterizas con México, donde se registran los más altos índices de pobreza y coincidentemente habita la gran mayoría de la población de origen maya-quiché, fue el escenario donde se produjo el desplazamiento de personas más importante dentro y fuera del territorio nacional. De hecho, Quiché, Huehuetenango y las Verapaces presentan los índices más elevados de pobreza (88%) y pobreza extrema (72%)." (Mazariegos 1999)

83. Indigenous People's Opposition To Columbus Day Celebration (WOVOCA.com - Earth M indigenous People s Opposition to Columbus Day Celebration. At this time,murderous acts against the people of guatemala are fresh in mind. http://wovoca.com/controversies-christopher-columbus-colonial-pirate.htm

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84. Harold Doan And Associates Ltd. - Forgotten People:Internally Displaced Persons Forgotten PeopleInternally Displaced Persons in guatemala The rebel groupsclaimed to be defending the rights of indigenous people and many of their http://www.harolddoan.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4454

85. "the People's Paths!" NAIIP News Path! - Indigenous People Oppose Celebration indigenous People s Opposition to Celebration and Glorification of At thistime, murderous acts against the people of guatemala are fresh in mind. http://www.yvwiiusdinvnohii.net/Articles2000/AIMGGC001007columbus.htm

NLThomas Indigenous People Oppose Celebration From Vernon Bellecourt, National Rep., AIM Grand Governing Council the People's Voice ~ Saturday, October 7, 2000 AIMGGC Indigenous People's Opposition to Celebration and Glorification of Colonial Pirate Christopher Columbus As we enter the new Millennium on October 9 or 12, 2000, the settler governments and peoples of North, Central and South America, who occupy the lands of various Indigenous nations of peoples, will again celebrate with holiday parades and festivals the invasion of our sacred lands by the colonial pirate Christopher Columbus. Columbus was the beginning of the American holocaust, ethnic cleansing characterized by murder, torture, raping, pillaging, robbery, slavery, kidnapping, and forced removals of Indian people from their homelands. To our Italian American friends, we say that to celebrate the legacy of this murderer is an affront to all Indian peoples, and others who truly understand this history. It would be the same as if German people would celebrate and glorify Adolf Hitler and the rise of fascism, and the Nazi holocaust by holding parades through the Jewish communities of America and throughout the world. We unequivocally support the right of Indian peoples of all the Americas along with friends and supporters to peacefully hold demonstrations and vigils, and exercise firm and resolute civil disobedience against any groups, religious, other organizations, and governments who continue to insist on celebrating and glorifying the murderous Columbus with parades, festivals, and celebrations.

86. This Is The Executive Report From The World Bank S Recent Study The report contains findings that indicate that indigenous people have made fewgains Education outcomes are substantially worse for indigenous peoples, http://topics.developmentgateway.org/indigenous/rc/ItemDetail.do~1041065

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87. Guatemala According to the Guatemalan Migration (Ministry of Immigration), Much of theLadino community has long regarded indigenous people with disdain. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2004/35540.htm

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Releases International Religious Freedom Western Hemisphere Guatemala International Religious Freedom Report 2004 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and Government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion. However, the Government has not implemented provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the rights of indigenous people that protect the exercise of indigenous religious beliefs and practices. The generally amicable relationship among religions in society contributed to religious freedom. However, traditional Mayan leaders report discrimination from some nongovernmental sources. The U.S. Government discusses religious freedom issues with the Government as part of its overall policy to promote human rights. Section I. Religious Demography

88. Guatemala guatemala. International Religious Freedom Report 2003 The Ladino communitylong has regarded indigenous people with disdain. http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2003/24493.htm

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor Releases International Religious Freedom Western Hemisphere Guatemala International Religious Freedom Report 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor The Constitution provides for freedom of religion, and the Government generally respects this right in practice. There was no change in the status of respect for religious freedom during the period covered by this report. Government policy continued to contribute to the generally free practice of religion; however, the Government has not implemented provisions of the Peace Accords regarding the rights of indigenous people that protect the exercise of indigenous religious beliefs and practices. The generally amicable relationship among religions in society contributed to religious freedom. The U.S. Government discusses religious freedom issues with the Government in the context of its overall dialog and policy of promoting human rights. Section I. Religious Demography The country has a total area of 41,699 square miles, and its population is approximately 12 million. While no definitive census data are available, the U.N. estimates that the country's indigenous population is 55 to 60 percent of the total population. The largest Protestant denomination is the Assembly of God, followed by the Church of God of the Complete Gospel, and the Prince of Peace Church. There are numerous other Protestant denominations represented, some specific to Central America and others, such as Presbyterians, Baptists, Lutherans, and Episcopalians, which are represented worldwide.

89. Native Lands - CA Map Update indigenous peoples and Natural Ecosystems in Central America and Southern Mexico .In January 2003, Native Lands’ new map, indigenous peoples and Natural http://www.nativelands.org/bin/view.pl/41215.html

Program Highlights Second Indigenous Conference Workplan with URACCAN CA Map Update ... Guatemala "Indigenous Peoples and Natural Ecosystems in Central America and Southern Mexico" In January 2003, Native Lands’ new map, Indigenous Peoples and Natural Ecosystems in Central America and Southern Mexico , was completed. It is an update of an earlier map, The Coexistence of Indigenous Peoples and the Natural Environment in Central America , published in 1992. Both maps were collaborative efforts between Native Lands and the National Geographic Society. The original map put on display forest cover and areas of indigenous use and occupation. The current map contains these elements but has added coastal-marine ecosystems and southern Mexico, to include the entire Maya region as far as the Istmo de Tehuantepec. Like its predecessor, this map is bilingual, with texts in English and Spanish. A team of specialists from each of the eight countries mapped spent roughly a year and a half, from October 2000 through January 2002, gathering data for the map. During this time, they consulted with a wide range of experts – biologists, anthropologists, geographers, conservationists, fishermen, indigenous leaders – in a series of meetings, workshops, and visits to pull together accurate information on the following dimensions: Forest cover : Categories of vegetation are: Tropical broadleaf forest (upland); tropical broadleaf forest (lowland); pine forest, pine and oak (upland); pine savannah (lowland); coastal wetlands, including mangroves; high plateau (páramo); and areas without natural vegetation. Data were obtained from the World Bank/CCAD Mesoamerican Biological Corridor project to map forest ecosystems of Central America, and from local institutions throughout the region.

90. News - Latin America: Indigenous People Fare Poorly, World Bank Says, Latin Amer /noticias.info/ More than 40 million indigenous people in Latin America suffer In the last 20 years, voters in Bolivia, guatemala, and elsewhere have http://www.noticias.info/asp/aspComunicados.asp?nid=68229&src=0

91. Indigenous Divided In The Name Of God—with U.S. Help Among the 40 million indigenous people who live in Latin America today, In guatemala and Bolivia—which along with Mexico, Ecuador and Peru are the Latin http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2006.shtml

Subscribe NOI Online Last Updated: May 23rd, 2005 Front Page Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News ... Millions More Movement Search All Categories Minister Louis Farrakhan National News World News Perspectives Columns Entertainment News Modern Technology Features Millions More Movement Advanced Search Search archives Subscribe to FinalCall.com E-List Enter email address: Add Indigenous divided in the name of God—with U.S. help By Diego Cevallos Updated May 23, 2005, 04:17 pm Refer this article Print page Mexico in the Context of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade by Bobby Vaughn (BlackElectorate.com, 05-17-2005) Indigenous people, native of Mexico “Many religions have destroyed what we are, and it is sad to see the contempt that the new generations have for what we once were.” -Rafael Gonzalez Roc, spokesman for the Committee for Campesino Unity in Guatemala MEXICO CITY (IPS/GIN) - Indigenous communities throughout Latin America are facing the loss of their cultural traditions, divisive conflicts, and in some cases even bloodshed, all in the name of God and with plenty of U.S. aid. Many of the frictions stem from the hundreds of religions and sects that have taken root in these communities, ranging from large, established denominations like the Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Adventist, Baptist and Mormon to newer, lesser-known groups like the Church of the Word, the Fountain of Life, Alpha Omega and the Guardians of the Holy Sepulchre.

92. DOCUMENT 82-11964.TXT UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL Distr Statement submitted by the World Council of indigenous peoples. out by membersof the Guatemalan security forces against indigenous Indian peoples, http://www.cwis.org/fwdp/International/82-11964.txt

usaoffice@cwis.org OCR Software provided by Caere Corporation

93. AllRefer.com - Maya, Indigenous People Of Mexico And Central America : The Twent Although the political division between Mexico and guatemala occurred early More articles from AllRefer Reference on Maya, indigenous people of Mexico http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/M/Maya-1-the-twentieth-century.html

AllRefer Channels :: Health Yellow Pages Reference Weather September 22, 2005 Medicine People Places History ... Maps Web AllRefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Reference Encyclopedia South American Indigenous Peoples ... Maya, indigenous people of Mexico and Central America By Alphabet : Encyclopedia A-Z M Maya, indigenous people of Mexico and Central America, South American Indigenous Peoples Related Category: South American Indigenous Peoples Maya [m I u Pronunciation Key The Twentieth Century Demographic growth among Maya-speaking populations increasingly led to pressure on available resources, leading to widespread deforestation and erosion and forcing many groups to adopt commercial specializations to supplement income derived from agriculture. Among the better-known examples of the latter are the colorful cotton textiles produced in the Guatemalan highlands, marketed both locally and in industrialized countries. Also in Guatemala, seasonal labor on the growing number of coffee plantations along the Pacific coast became increasingly important throughout the first half of the 20th cent. Beginning in the 1930s and 40s, improved communications throughout the Maya region opened many new and often local economic opportunities for wage employment and commercial activity. Sections in this article: Introduction Maya Prehistory Colonial-Period Maya Independence Period The Twentieth Century Bibliography Topics that might be of interest to you: archaeology Belize Bonampak calendar ... MErida, city, Mexico

94. Hr-headlines@hrea.org - Americas: Indigenous People At High Risk In many countries in the Americas, indigenous people constitute the most In guatemala where those responsible for the massscale massacres of http://www.hrea.org/lists/hr-headlines/markup/msg00009.html

Americas: Indigenous people at high risk Subject [headlines] Americas: Indigenous people at high risk Date Thu, 9 Aug 2001 10:01:02 +0100 Prev by Date: Dominican Rep: Policing must respect human rights Next by Date: USA: Discriminatory, arbitrary and illegal execution Previous by thread: Americas: Day of the "disappeared" Where are they? Next by thread: Americas: Indigenous peoples Second-class citizens in the lands of their ancestors Reply to this message Start a new topic Date Index ... HREA Home Page

95. LASNET Archive 1996: Fall Caravan To Chiapas, Guatemala, Nicaragua Chiapas, guatemala and Nicaragua this Fall. Gerardo Otero. emergency reliefaid for over 20000 indigenous people who are enduring a protracted military http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/news/arc/lasnet/1996/0266.html

Fall Caravan to Chiapas, Guatemala, Nicaragua Gerardo Otero otero@sfu.ca Sat, 10 Aug 1996 21:33:13 -0700 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Next message: lesser@chelsea.ios.com: "INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS NEEDED!!!" Previous message: Molly Molloy: "SOMOS LOS MEJORES (fwd)" Dear LASNET Members: Some of you might be interested in this caravan to Chiapas, Guatemala and Nicaragua this Fall. Gerardo Otero. PLEASE COPY AND DISTRIBUTE WIDELY! IFCO-PASTORS FOR PEACE IN SUPPORT OF THE HISTORIC STRUGGLE YOU CAN PARTICIPATE IN THIS EFFORT BY COLLECTING HUMANITARIAN AID, HOSTING A PUBLIC EVENT IN YOUR COMMUNITY OR TRAVELING WITH THE CARAVAN. November 5-16 Routes through the U.S. November 17-19 Orientation in San Antonio November 20-23 Travel through Mexico November 24-December 1 Program in Chiapas November 25-December 2 Program in Guatemala November 29-December 6 Program in Nicaragua For more information, please send your mailing address to: IFCO-PASTORS FOR PEACE 610 W. 28th St. Minneapolis, MN 55408

96. Indigenous Peoples In Latin America - LANIC Documents and Studies about indigenous peoples WATU Acción Indígena http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/

Indigenous Peoples Regional Resources The Amazon: Amazon Conservation Team Amazonlink Informação sobre a Amazônia Amazon Watch Americas.org Resource Center of the Americas The Andes: Aymara Net Various Information Relating to the Aymaras in Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina, and Ecuador Cultures of the Andes Archive of Indigenous Languages of Latin America, AIILA or AILLA The Caribbean: Caribbean Amerindian Centrelink KACIKE Journal of Caribbean Amerindian History and Anthropology Center for World Indigenous Studies CWIS Construyendo Alternativas Frente al Neoliberalismo Culturas Pre-Colombinas Instituto Indigenista Interamericano Legislación Indígena Banco Interamericano de Desarollo Mesoamerica: Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations Kevin Callahan GB Online's Mesoamerica Religions Pueblos Indígenas y Desarrollo Comunitario BID Quechua Network Society for the Study of Indigenous Languages of the Americas SSILA Country Resources Argentina Belize Exploring Maya Caves of West-Central Belize Interactive Dig K'axob and Xibun Mayan Ruins Maya Sites in Belize Western Belize Regional Cave Project Bolivia Apoyo Para el Campesino Indígena del Oriente Boliviano APCOB ASUR Instituto de Lenguaje y Cultura Aymara ILCA, La Paz

97. Refugees International: Articles: Forgotten People: Internally Displaced Persons Forgotten People Internally Displaced Persons in guatemala The rebel groupsclaimed to be defending the rights of indigenous people and many of their http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/6344/

Search: Home About Us Donate Where We Work ... Contact Us Forgotten People: Internally Displaced Persons in Guatemala Contact: Yodit Fitigu ri@refugeesinternational.org; 202-828-0110 Although the bitter 36-year civil war has come to an end, approximately 250,000 people remain internally displaced within Guatemala. While returning refugees and the displaced organized during the war as Communities of People in Resistance (CPRs), who numbered 50,000 have been given government assistance to resettle, the government and international organizations have ignored or been unable to access a substantial portion of the internally displaced population. The UN Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA), mandated to monitor and verify compliance with the peace accords, ended its work in 2004. The Guatemalan government has not lived up to key agreements with the insurgents related to displaced populations, most importantly those related to support for resettlement, restitution of property, and economic reintegration. The internally displaced themselves are reluctant to press for their rights and prefer to remain anonymous for fear of triggering a further round of displacement and violence. Living in the shadows of cities and in the inaccessible highlands, the remaining internally displaced persons are in danger of becoming completely forgotten by the Guatemalan government and by the world beyond. Their neglect by the government reflects historic patterns of marginalization of the indigenous peoples of the country. International involvement waned with the signing of the peace accords, which signaled to international organizations and others who might be active in Guatemala that the conflict had been resolved and that vigilance and active support and solidarity were no longer needed as they were in the 1980s and early 1990s.

98. Bretton Woods Project In a letter to UK executive director to the Bank, NGO indigenous peoples In May 2004 Guatemalan organisations called on the IFC to delay approval of the http://www.brettonwoodsproject.org/glamisgold44

@import url("/css/screen.css"); Jump to main content Jump to sidebar Jump to navigation menu Home ... Search IFC-backed mine violates Guatemalan law News Bretton Woods Project 2nd February 2005 update 44 url One person was killed and ten were injured when the Guatemalan police and military took action to disperse protesters blocking a convoy of mining equipment destined for an IFC-funded gold mine. Local and national opposition to the mine by indigenous, human rights, religious and environmental organisations is strong. Opponents accuse the Guatemalan government of violating national law in respect of indigenous peoples' rights, and the IFC of violating the Bank's response to the extractive industries review (EIR) (See Update 41) The Marlin mine, in the San Marcos department, is being developed by Montana Exploradora de Guatemala, a subsidiary of Canadian mining company Glamis Gold. In June 2004, the IFC's board agreed to lend $45 million to Glamis to develop the project. Bad faith consultations In 1996 Guatemala ratified ILO convention 169 on the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples, which includes the right to prior consultation where resource development is to take place on indigenous lands. However, more recent legislation passed by the previous government allowed the granting of mining concessions to foreign mining companies. Many of these were approved by national authorities without even consulting affected indigenous communities. Local and indigenous organisations, such as the National Council of Indigenous Peoples, argue that these licenses are illegal, given that they were approved after the ratification of ILO convention 169.

99. Convention 169 And The Implementation Of The Peace Accords In Guatemala guatemala must comply with its laws permitting indigenous people to expressthemselves freely and to practice their ways of life without restrictions, http://saiic.nativeweb.org/ayn/guatilo.html

Convention 169 and the Implementation of the Peace Accords in Guatemala By Victor D. Montejo, Ph D. (Jakaltek-Maya) After the signing of the peace accord in Guatemala on December 29, 1996, the implementation of these agreements between the Guatemalan government and the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity (URNG) has been one of the major concerns of the Mayan organizations. During the peace negotiations, Indigenous organizations in Guatemala recognized that ILO Convention 169 is an important, international legal tool that would contribute to the promotion of human rights and justice in Guatemala and urged for its ratification. Unfortunately, the ratification of Convention 169 created a disagreement between those who are in favor or against it, delaying its ratification by Guatemala. Some who argued against the legal instrument proposed by the ILO claimed that Convention 169 contradicted the Guatemalan National Constitution. Others claimed that it was unnecessary because the Guatemalan Constitution was inclusive and that all Guatemalans were equal and enjoyed the same rights and obligations as members of the Guatemalan nation-state. Article 66 of the Guatemalan Constitution acknowledges that the Guatemalan state is made up of diverse ethnic groups and that "the state must recognize, respect and promote the ways of life, customs, traditions, forms of social organization, the use of Indigenous traditional dress, languages and dialects", which together form part of their distinct identity as Indigenous peoples.

100. The Maya Struggle For Justice And Participation If we consider that guatemala s entire population is 60% indigenous, the equalparticipation of indigenous people in guatemala s political system, http://isla.igc.org/Features/Guatemala/guate2.html

Maya Movement: Towards Justice and Participation At issue during these past few years has been the Mayas' work to get their proposals on indigenous justice and political participation included in the constitutional reforms put on the table during the Peace Accords. If we consider that Guatemala's entire population is 60% indigenous, it becomes clear why proposed reforms such as the constitutional recognition of a "multiethnic, pluricultural and multilingual" nation are long overdue. The reforms would also promote the equal participation of indigenous people in Guatemala's political system, and recognize as official all 23 indigenous languages. The nineties marked a turning point for Maya political participation. The "500 Years of Resistance" campaigns and demonstrations held during 1991-92 drew together many organizations that had been working separately. In the wake of the presidential coup of Jorge Serrano Elías in 1993, the Mayas agreed to create a common front against Serrano's attempt to impose a "civilian dictatorship" (see "The Struggle for Maya Unity," by Antonio Otzoy, NACLA March/April 1996, pp. 33-35). In late 1994, 150 Maya organizations came together to form the Coordination of Maya Peoples' Organizations of Guatemala (COPMAGUA), whose main purpose has been to introduce the Maya proposals to the peace negotiations. In March of 1995, the government and the URNG signed the Accord on Indigenous Rights and Identity, which drew on some of the proposals made by COPMAGUA, and recommends the revisions to the Constitution mentioned above.

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