21. Indigenous Peoples And Poverty: The Cases Of Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras And Ni In Bolivia and guatemala, indigenous peoples constitute a majority of the populationand a disproportionate percentage of the poor. http://www.minorityrights.org/Dev/mrg_dev_title12_LatinAmerica/mrg_dev_title12_L

printer friendly version Conclusions General conclusions Indigenous peoples' poverty is not a recent phenomenon but has been constructed through historical processes, where indigenous peoples have lost control over their territories and resources due to colonialism and nation-building. This understanding of indigenous peoples' poverty poses two main challenges for poverty reduction strategies: They must start with an indigenous perception of poverty and wealth, otherwise poverty reduction and its promotion of economic growth and uniform indicators of wealth contributes to the undermining of indigenous rights and cultures. They must take a rights-based approach, recognizing indigenous peoples' claim for collective rights as distinct peoples. The extent to which this is happening, or is feasible in the short to medium term, differs from country to country. Some of the decisive factors are: The reflection of indigenous rights in national legislation, for example: provisions for bilingual education, political participation and the titling of territories.

22. Indigenous Peoples And Poverty: The Cases Of Bolivia, Guatemala, Honduras And Ni No universal definition of indigenous peoples exists and, because power and the The Convention has been ratified by Bolivia, guatemala and Honduras, http://www.minorityrights.org/Dev/mrg_dev_title12_LatinAmerica/mrg_dev_title12_L

printer friendly version Poverty and indigenous peoples The United Nations (UN) estimates that there are over 350 million indigenous people in the world, of whom over 40 million live in Latin America and constitute approximately 8 per cent of the population.2 No universal definition of indigenous peoples exists and, because power and the legitimacy of political representation have often been monopolized by states, indigenous peoples generally reject external attempts at defining them. Certain UN member states have insisted on a formal definition of the term 'indigenous peoples' with a view to excluding indigenous peoples rather than achieving clarity about the meaning of the term. States have used the categorization and labelling of different groups to exclude them from influence and participation. From an indigenous perspective, the right to self-identification is a fundamental right, which is the basis for a broader recognition, to include culture, language and religion. historical continuity with pre-colonial societies;

23. Indigenous People Of Mexico And Guatemala Organize Against Mining Companies press article on the meeting between the indigenous peoples of guatemala andmexico over their opposition to mining, mainly gold mining notably glamis and http://www.minesandcommunities.org/Action/press666.htm

Indigenous people of Mexico and Guatemala organize against mining companies and agree to initiate legal and political action against multinational mining activity San Marcos, Guatemala, June 25, 2005 Members of the Regional Council of Indigenous Peoples from six departments in Guatemala met with representatives of various mexican indigenous, campesino and labour groups, agreeing to initiate activities to organize and strengthen the struggle against the threat that open-pit mining poses to the health and life of millions of people in both countries. At the end of the conference "Mining and the Heritage of Indigenous People," in which participated Mayan representatives from Guatemalan departments of Huehuetenango, El Quiché, San Marcos, Quetzaltenango, Totonicapán and Sololá, it was agreed to develop a project of legal and political action which would go further than proposed reforms in mining laws, to push for constitutional reforms for the recognition of indigenous people's rights over territory, autonomy and the legitimacy of traditional law, among others. Domingo 26 de junio de 2005 ROSA ROJAS, ENVIADA

24. Rigoberta Menchu Tum, Quiche Mayan This web site is dedicated to the indigenous peoples of the world and to the Rigoberta Mench™ Tum Human Rights Leader for guatemala/1992 Nobel Peace http://www.indigenouspeople.net/menchu.htm

Homage to/Homenaje a Rigoberta Mench™; Tum, Quiche Mayan "What I treasure most in life is being able to dream. During my most difficult moments and complex situations I have been able to dream of a more beautiful future." Ois Botik "The time has come for dawn, for work to be completed, for those who nourish and sustain us to appear, the enlightened sons, the civilized people; the time has come for the appearance of humanity on the surface of the Earth." Pop Wuj "What hurts Indians most is our costumes are considered beautiful, but it's as if the person wearing them didn't exist." Biography Carta al Pueblo Innu Chiapas and Indigenous People Comunicado de Rigoberta Menchu ... Gifts of Speech - Sweet Briar College has posted on their web site as follows: Rigoberta Mench™ Tum Human Rights Leader for Guatemala/1992 Nobel Peace Prize - Guatemala, 24 de septiembre de 1996 Nobel Lecture - her Nobel Lecture reproduced here with the permission of the Nobel Foundation On The International Day Of Indigenous Peoples - August 9, 1996 The problem of racism on the threshold of the 21st Century - Delivered at the Sixth Lascasianas Symposium 5/21/96 During the 1970s and 1980s in Guatemala, tensions between the descendants of European immigrants and the native Indian population increased.

25. Guatemala | MADRE: An International Women's Human Rights Organization has officially ended, indigenous peoples in guatemala face ongoing problems . Meanwhile, in the guatemalan highlands, indigenous communities are http://www.madre.org/countries/Guatemala.html

@import "/common/madre2.css"; Home About Programs Articles ... Print Text size: A A A Where We Work Colombia Cuba Guatemala Haiti ... Get emails with the latest news and analysis from MADRE Search the MADRE site! © Emily Kunstler Guatemala Country Overview In 1996, Guatemalans witnessed the signing of peace accords that officially marked an end to the country’s 36-year civil war, the longest and bloodiest of this century's Latin American conflicts. Behind the smokescreen of "fighting communism," military groups trained and funded by the US killed 200,000 mostly Indigenous people and destroyed 440 Mayan villages. More than a million people were uprooted from their homes and over a quarter million became refugees in surrounding countries. Related Materials MADRE Programs in Guatemala MADRE's Sister Organizations in Guatemala Indigenous Women and Sustainable Development A History of Land in Guatemala: Conflict and Hope for Reform (Interhemispheric Resource Center) UN, Guatemala sign agreement to open human rights office (UN News) CAFTA Squeaker Shows Anxiety over Free Trade (Emad Mekay, Inter Press Service)

26. Americas: Indigenous Peoples -- Second-class Citizens In The Lands Of Their Ance In guatemala, indigenous people have stood trial in capital cases in Spanish,which they do not speak. In one case, a nonSpanish speaking indigenous man http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR010062002?open&of=ENG-398

27. Just Earth! Over the years, the indigenous peoples of guatemala have learned to expect Throughout guatemala, indigenous peoples have experienced widespread human http://www.amnestyusa.org/justearth/indigenous_people/guatemala.html

@import "/c/ai.css"; Amnesty International USA learn latest news countries ... students search Just Earth! Guatemala "We hope for greater support to live as human beings. The rights of each and every one of us should not be violated; because we have an identity as people, we have that right. I also hope that this is recorded in a document so that the authorities take notice of the issue and human rights are respected." A survivor from the hamlet (Case 6009), Aldea Jolomar, Huehuetenango, 1993. "This situation should never happen again...But they should respect our rights as indigenous people; because I am indigenous, and I have my rights, and I have a voice to speak with." A survivor from the hamlet (Case 2176), Aldea Salquil, Nebaj, Quiche, 1980. "The eyes of the buried will close together on the day of justice, or they will never close." Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemala's Nobel Laureate for Literature. (1) The dirty war: A legacy of genocide against Indigenous peoples Over the years, the Indigenous peoples of Guatemala have learned to expect very little from their government and judicial system. The justice system is corrupt; proceedings are rarely conducted in indigenous languages; furthermore, proceedings are unnecessarily lengthy and subject to obstruction and manipulation, and indigenous persons rarely have the resources to employ lawyers, to file various legal papers, or to make court appearances. In addition, those who seek justice are often victimized themselves. As a result, a climate of impunity continues to prevail in Guatemala for most human rights violations, including those perpetrated during the civil conflict, which lasted over a period of more than 30 years.

28. Rigoberta Menchu Tum, Quiche Mayan misery and discrimination suffered by the indigenous peoples of guatemala . In the field of rights and values of indigenous peoples, the Foundation http://www.indians.org/welker/menchu.htm

Homage to/Homenaje a "What I treasure most in life is being able to dream. During my most difficult moments and complex situations I have been able to dream of a more beautiful future." Ois Botik "The time has come for dawn, for work to be completed, for those who nourish and sustain us to appear, the enlightened sons, the civilized people; the time has come for the appearance of humanity on the surface of the Earth." Pop Wuj "What hurts Indians most is our costumes are considered beautiful, but it's as if the person wearing them didn't exist." Biography Carta al Pueblo Innu Chiapas and Indigenous People Comunicado de Rigoberta Menchu ... UN - Indigenous Women's Rights During the 1970s and 1980s in Guatemala, tensions between the descendants of European immigrants and the native Indian population increased. In 1981, because of her activism, she had to leave Guatemala and flee to Mexico, where she organized peasants' resistance movements and was co-founder of the United Representation of the Guatemalan Opposition (RUOG). Through her life story, which was published as

29. Indigenous Women Are Being Marginalized Nevertheless, she said, it is inconceivable that even in guatemala, We indigenous peoples have given our opinions at every one of these phases, http://www.indians.org/welker/menchu7.htm

Indigenous Women Are Being Marginalized Indigenous Women Are Being Marginalized Indigenous Women Are Being Marginalized at the Beijing Conference by Rosa Rojas "It's a fact that the immense majority of the organizations that planned the Beijing World Congress (on Women) have marginalized indigenous women," claimed the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Rigoberta Menchu, who estimated that because of this, "indigenous women will not be taken into account in the women's agenda." In an interview with La Jornada, she warned that she will participate "with reservations" at the invitation of the UNESCO Director Federico Mayor in an event during which, in the company of some First Ladies and other personalities, a call will be made today (Monday, September 4) for a full and decentralized education for women at this end of the millennium. Nevertheless, she underlined, "I don't represent anyone...I don't think that because of my participation, indigenous women have participated" or been given a "worthy place" in the preparatory meetings for Beijing. She refered to the fact that she, like other indigenous women, exhorted that this situation be corrected, especially at the Mar de Plata Conference of 1994, when "I made a call, a petition, and thought that it was understood I didn't want to participate in the Mar de la Plata meeting because I thought the absence of indigenous women could not be justified just because Rigoberta Menchu participated and gave a message."

30. Dialogue Between Nations: Point Of View DECLARATION OF THE indigenous peoples OF guatemala REGARDING THE DRAFT AMERICANDECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF indigenous peoples http://www.dialoguebetweennations.com/OASdeclaration/english/pointofview.htm

POINT OF VIEW DECLARATION OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF GUATEMALA REGARDING THE DRAFT AMERICAN DECLARATION ON THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES - OAS We, the representatives of organizations of the Indigenous Peoples of Guatemala, participating in the Consultation around the Draft American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of the Organization of American States, held on October 14 and 15, 2003, declare the following to the general public of Guatemala and internationally: 1. We are a diverse group of indigenous organizations and institutions that have come together to familiarize ourselves with the process of the Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the framework of the Working Group of the Organization of American States - OAS, and with the progress of discussions on that draft declaration. The consultation is being conducted in the framework of strengthening direct, ongoing participation in order to transmit our concerns to regional and international entities that have initiated processes aimed at recognizing and protecting our fundamental rights and freedoms. 2. We, the organizations of the Indigenous Peoples, attribute the greatest importance to the Draft American Declaration. We make a commitment to actively participate in the process and in drafting the instrument, with the aim of having the recognition and protection of our fundamental collective rights and freedoms prevail.

31. TVE: Human Rights Catalogue '98 In guatemala, it is estimated that indigenous peoples may earn as little as a Perhaps the most important thing in guatemala is that indigenous peoples, http://www.tve.org/humanrights/doc.cfm?aid=374

32. FI: Giving A Voice Back To Guatemala’s Indigenous Peoples Giving a Voice back to guatemala’s indigenous peoples Mr. Stavenhagen assertedthat indigenous peoples face systemic discrimination in field of http://www.franciscansinternational.org/news/article.php?id=745

33. FI: Giving A Voice Back To Guatemala’s Indigenous Peoples Giving a Voice back to guatemala’s indigenous peoples. Apr. 19, 2005 Mr.Stavenhagen asserted that indigenous peoples face systemic discrimination in http://www.franciscansinternational.org/news/print.php?id=745

34. Americas.org - Support Indigenous Opposition To Gold Mine 169) Concerning indigenous and Tribal peoples. guatemala ratified ILO 169 in 1996as part of the guatemalan Peace Plan, but CNPI and many guatemalan human http://americas.org/item_17818

September 22, 2005 Advanced Search Resource Center of the Americas 3019 Minnehaha Ave Minneapolis, MN 55406-1931 Support Indigenous Opposition To Gold Mine Support Indigenous Opposition To Gold Mine February 4, 2005 SOURCE: Global Response (www.globalresponse.org) In the Central American country of Guatemala, which recently emerged from decades of devastating civil war, indigenous peoples are now facing another assault on their lands and their rights. The threat comes from powerful multinational mining companies, backed by the Guatemalan government and the World Bank. BACKGROUND: In the last five years, the Guatemalan government has granted over 250 mining concessions, covering roughly ten percent of the country. Ninety percent of this land is occupied by indigenous peoples, who are demanding immediate cancellation of the mining permits. HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS: In this semi-arid region where water is a scarce and critical resource for subsistence farmers, the Marlin mine will use 250 cubic meters (66,000 gallons) of water per hour. Ore will be sprayed with cyanide to leach out the gold, risking downstream contamination with cyanide and other toxic chemicals. Scientists warn that acid mine drainage is very likely to be a long-term problem. As the sulfide-rich ore is exposed to air and water, acid will be released into the environment, affecting water and soil quality for generations to come. RECOMMENDED ACTION: ADDRESSES:

35. Guatemala: Indigenous Rights And Logging Licenses guatemala indigenous rights and logging licenses of the rights of theindigenous peoples and in a better management of forest resources in the region. http://www.wrm.org.uy/bulletin/69/Guatemala.html

- Guatemala: Indigenous rights and logging licenses The forests of Chichicastenango have undergone severe degradation and presently it is only possible to find well-conserved forests in the northern part of the municipality. The rest of the forest ecosystems are fragmented, forming associations of trees with agricultural crops. In this context, it is relevant to analyse the conflict that has arisen over the past few months between the Chichicastenango Indigenous Mayorship and the National Forestry Institute (Instituto Nacional de Bosques - INAB) regarding authorisation for logging licenses. By law, only municipal mayors' offices can issue logging permits, and the volume cannot exceed 10 cubic metres per year. Logging operations can only be undertaken within the urban perimeter. Putting into practice the International Labour Organization's Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, the Indigenous Mayorship has taken on the issuing and authorisation of logging permits and licences, which INAB considers to be interfering in its functions, as in this case it would be the issuing of a legal document that in theory should only be issued by this Institute. The Indigenous Mayorship argues that INAB authorises logging permits in excess, with many errors of procedure, such as a lack of verification and follow-up on the number of trees authorised to be logged. It also states that the authorities ignore the rights and regulations governing indigenous society.

36. Indigenous Peoples And The Millennium Development Goals Bolivia and guatemala, countries with indigenous peoples composing 50 percent ormore of indigenous peoples and PovertyThe Cases of Bolivia, guatemala, http://www.tebtebba.org/tebtebba_files/ipr/mdg.html

Indigenous peoples and the Millennium Development Goals by Victoria Tauli-Corpuz Back E-mail Us Bottom of Page This paper was submitted to the 4th Session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, New York, 16-27 May 2005, Agenda item 3 of the provisional agenda. Economic and Social Council, Dist.:GENERAL March 2005, Original: ENGLISH I f the MDG Development aggression Poverty Situation of Indigenous Peoples One conclusion is that the poverty map in the region coincides with indigenous peoples territories. A subsequent study in the region conducted by the Inter-American Development Bank came up with similar conclusions and observations: alarming conditions of extreme poverty and marginality. Statistics in Guatemala show that 50 to 60 per cent of a total population of 11 million belong to 23 indigenous peoples. Of these number, 54.3 per cent of them are poor and 22.8 per cent extremely poor. Sixty per cent of households do not have the capacity to earn half of the cost of their minimum food needs despite spending a greater part of their earnings on it. Eight out of every ten indigenous children in this country live in poverty according to the indicators published in the 2001 Human Development Report The Asian Development Bank also undertook a study in 2002 on the poverty situation of indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities in Vietnam, the Philippines, Cambodia and Indonesia. This study could not establish trends in the relationship between poverty and ethnicity because there is a lack of disaggregated and data based on ethnicity. However, in the case of Vietnam such disaggregated data is available. The finding is that the worst poverty situation in Vietnam is among the ethnic minorities

37. Recent Developments In The ILO Concerning Indigenous And Tribal Peoples - Intern In guatemala the major aim of the project is to train indigenous organizations As a contribution to the consolidation of indigenous and tribal peoples http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/norm/whatare/stndards/ind_tech.htm

International Labour Standards Home What are international labour standards? International Labour Standards according to the classified guide > Recent Developments in the ILO concerning indigenous and tribal peoples Recent Developments in the ILO concerning indigenous and tribal peoples Ratifications The ILO is responsible for two international Conventions concerning indigenous and tribal peoples. They are Convention No. 107 of 1957 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Populations , and Convention No. 169 of 1989 concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples . Although Convention No. 107 contains a strong protective element, it was revised because its provisions are now considered outdated because of its rather integrationist approach. However, it remains in force for 20 countries, and is often the only element of international protection available. Convention No. 169, which revised Convention No. 107, has been ratified by 13 countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Denmark, Ecuador, Fiji, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Norway, Netherlands, Paraguay and Peru. Ratification of this Convention is currently under active consideration in a number of other countries. Technical assistance The practical influence of the ILO Conventions, and in particular Convention No. 169, goes well beyond the number of ratifications. The ILO is heavily involved in technical assistance. To facilitate these efforts within the UN system, inter-agency meetings are held to coordinate technical work among the concerned UN-system organizations and relevant donors. These meetings, held regularly since 1991 and arranged alternatively by the Centre for Human Rights and the ILO, have strengthened inter-agency understanding and cooperation of the different programmes affecting indigenous and tribal peoples.

38. Indigenous People / Indigenous Peoples' Rights in guatemala Agreement on Identity and Rights of indigenous peoples (March31, 1995) Declaration on the Rights of indigenous peoples (Draft), UN http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/ampro/mdtsanjose/indigenous/derecho.htm

INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION MultiDisciplinary Team (MDT - San Jose) Indigenous Peoples Spanish Version Indigenous Peoples' Rights C169 INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES CONVENTION, 1989 Introduction to ILO Convention No. 169 Text Ratifications by Country Indigenous and Tribal Peoples: A Guide to ILO Convention No. 169 C107 INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL POPULATIONS CONVENTION, 1957 Text Ratifications by Country PEACE AGREEMENTS THAT INCORPORATE REFERENCES TO CONVENTION NO. 169 The Peace Process in Guatemala: Agreement on Identity and Rights of Indigenous Peoples (March 31, 1995) Presidency of the Republic, Mexico: Chiapas Agreements (February 16, 1996) INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AGREEMENTS, GUIDELINES OR POLICY DIRECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND BILATERAL COOPERATION AGENCIES OR GOVERNMENTS DECLARATION DRAFT PROPOSALS Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (Draft) UN Interamerican Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (Draft 1995) OAS Interamerican Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People (Draft) OAS , February 1997 Draft Resolution: Proposed American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Populations , March 29, 1999 Report of the Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs on the Proposed Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Populations , March 25, 1999 SPANISH VERSIONS ONLY INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN LATIN AMERICA (COMPARATIVE INFORMATION ON CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS) By Country By Subject 1998 - Political Constitution - Ecuador INFORMATION ON SPECIAL INDIGENOUS LAWS

39. OHCHR - Guatemala guidelines on the human rights for the indigenous peoples of guatemala, andin conducting workshops for indigenous communities and NGOs on human rights http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/5/guatemala.htm

Human Rights Field Presence in Guatemala I. Contact data Head: Birgit Gerstenberg Project Coordinator Address: 13 calle 3-40, Zona 10 Edificio Torre Granito (MINUGUA) 6, Nivel Blvd. Los Proceres 18-67, Zona 10 Guatemala City Phone: Mobile: (502) 708 99 27 Fax: E-mail: birgit.gerstenberg@undp.org II. Terms of reference / Legal authority The Office was established as part of a technical co-operation project ( GUA/96/AH/13 ) signed by OHCHR with the Government of Guatemala in 1996. The office's mandate concluded in September 2000. A final evaluation mission was carried out in June 2000. A new project document was signed with the Government of Guatemala in August 2001. The project was revised in 2002 and in 2003. In December 2003 an agreement was signed with Government of Guatemala to establish a new office with a monitoring mandate. III. Functions and mandate

40. The Terms “indigenous Peoples,” “indigenous Ethnic Minorities,” “tribal Gro Although there are vast differences among indigenous peoples, For example,in guatemala, more than 80% of girls and women living in rural areas are http://pf.convio.com/pf/pubs/focus/IN FOCUS/Indigenous.htm

Reaching Indigenous Youth with Reproductive Health Information and Services February 1999 The terms "indigenous peoples," "indigenous ethnic minorities," "tribal groups," and "scheduled tribes," describe social groups with a social and cultural identity distinct from the dominant society that makes them vulnerable to being disadvantaged in the development process. World Bank, 19911 Why Focus on the Indigenous? Indigenous people are found throughout the world. The United Nations estimates that more than 300 million indigenous people live in more than 70 countries. Most indigenous groups share the demographic profile of developing countries where youth, defined as those aged 10 to 24 years, comprise the largest segment of the population. In addition, these groups tend to be poor, rural, and left out of the process of economic development. Although there are vast differences among indigenous peoples, all have a traditional culture that is distinct from the national culture of their country; some may identify with an ethnic group with ties to an historical homeland. What Are the Special Challenges in Working with Indigenous Youth?

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