61. AAA Delegate To Trial In Guatemala Reaffirms Support Of And Security For Anthrop The Guatemalan government was pressed to act but they could not promise security since people within the government were implicated as well. http://www.aaanet.org/reports/nash.htm

Academic Relations Ethics Government Relations Public Policy ... Minority Issues E-mail address: Password: Forgot password? Need help? Press Room Members in the News ... Section Assembly Max Rows: Go to AAA Home AAA Delegate to Trial in Guatemala Reaffirms Support of and Security for Anthropologists' Work There June Nash The CUNY Graduate Center On Oct 4, 2002, a former high-ranking Guatemalan military official was convicted of ordering the 1990 murder of Myrna Mack, an anthropologist investigating military atrocities. Her sister, Helen Mack, succeeded in bringing the case to trial because of Myrna Mack's internationally respected reputation as an anthropologist. As co-founder of the Association for the Advance of Social Sciences in Guatemala (AVANCSO), Myrna Mack was carrying out the investigation of massacres at a time when few dared even to mention the deeds. The court judgment against one of the three officers charged marks the first conviction holding a military leader accountable for crimes committed during the country's 36-year civil war. The contest over the history of the war has not ended with the arrest and conviction of one of the three officers charged with the murder. Threats are still being made against forensic anthropologists who are trying to retrieve the history of the massacres from the exhumed remains of the victims, and against ethnologists and historians who are attempting to restore the historical memory of those who witnessed the massacres.

62. Global Exchange : New Government, Same Old Generals the guatemalan government has declared the need for new equipment to both Amy Martin is an intern with the guatemala Human Rights Commission and a http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/guatemala/2311.html

Programs in the Americas Africa Americas Argentina Bolivia ... Guatemala New Government, Same Old Generals Americas.org July 22, 2004 Vice President Eduardo Stein, accompanied by Human Rights Commissioner Frank la Rue and Defense Minister Mendez Pinelo, will visit Washington July 21-23 to deliver a presentation on the recently reformed Guatemalan military in an effort to ease the ban on International Military Education and Training (IMET) and Foreign Military Financing (FMF). Regarding this visit, Pinelo told the Guatemalan Daily Newspaper, Prensa Libre, "the idea is to justify our needs in the areas of transport, communications, and technology." After Senators Richard Shelby (R-AL), John Cornyn (R-TX), and Patrick Leahy (D-VT) visited Guatemala last month to observe the advances in Guatemala's military, there has been broadened discussion about whether it is an appropriate time to lift the ban. Senator Leahy's staff, among others, will meet with Stein to discuss the possibility of increasing U.S. military to Guatemala next year. While the military leadership stays intact, the same men, leaders of Guatemala's clandestine, armed mafia, or "hidden powers," will assure that these networks retain their tremendous influence over society. Led by current and retired government and military officials, these prominent men use their positions to manipulate the justice systemenjoying impunity from crimes against those who threaten the powers' financial interests and those who seek to prosecute current or retired officials for wartime human rights abuses. The U.S. recently expressed their disapproval with these networks, citing narco-trafficking and organized crime as reasons for revoking the visas of retired Generals Francisco Ortega Menaldo, Edgar Godoy Gaitan, and retired Colonel Napoleon Rojas Mendez.

63. Global Exchange : Guatemala News Updates The Guatemalan government said it may propose indigenous activist and 1992 US Maintains Military Ban Despite the Guatemalan government’s attempts to http://www.globalexchange.org/countries/americas/guatemala/GuatNewsUpdates.html

Programs in the Americas Africa Americas Argentina Bolivia ... Guatemala August 24, 2005 By Cyril Mychalejko GUATEMALA: INDIGENOUS RESISTANCE TO GOLD MINE GAINS MOMENTUM Indigenous communities in the western highlands of Guatemala who are organizing against an illegal gold mine in the face of violence and repression are beginning to see the fruits of their labor. August 12, 2005 Rights Action Open Letter to the President of Skye Resources We, the elected and appointed representatives of twenty Q‚eqchi‚ Mayan communities located in the township of El Estor in the department of Izabal and in the township of Panzós in the department of Alta Verapaz, gathered in El Estor on the day 7 B‚e of our Mayan calendar, August 12, 2005 July 20, 2005 Rights Action San Miguel Ixtahuacán announces community consultations concerning open pit mining and the global mining industry Below, Sandra Cuffe (Rights Action) writes of upcoming community based consultations in the very municipality where the Canadian-US Glamis Gold company is already building a large mining operation. There never were open and proper consultations with the local Mayan communities (Sipakapense and Mam) concerning whether or not they wanted mining in their communities and municipalities. July 08, 2005

64. Upside Down World Guatemalan government’s Apology Leaves Unanswered Questions In November 2004, the court condemned the Guatemalan government and found the army guilty of http://www.upsidedownworld.org/guatemala-apology.htm

Cost of War in Iraq (JavaScript Error) To see more details, click here By Tim Willard printer-friendly version On July 18th, Guatemala’s Vice President, Eduardo Stein, flew to Plan de Sanchez, 95 miles north of Guatemala City, to formally apologize for the government-directed 1982 massacre of more than 200 Achi Mayans in that remote, highland village. "We are here today to ask forgiveness in the name of the Guatemalan state from all of the victims of the conflict,” the Vice President said. Stein confessed that the army had “unleashed bloodshed and fire to wipe out an entire community,” and told the residents that the Berger administration was committed "to push the investigation into the events that occurred to allow for the clarification of what happened and permit us to identify, try and punish the intellectual and material authors of these offenses." After these convictions the prosecutor in the genocide cases left office. Since then no replacement has been named, throwing doubt on the possibility of other victims and survivors obtaining justice. More than 200 cases have been filed with the courts. New cases continue to be filed as new mass burial sites are excavated.

65. Non-State Actors In Colombia, Guatemala And Nicaragua By Sarah Sensamaust (8.2) During the war, the Guatemalan government claims to have never used landmines, but the URNG used IEDs and produced mines from plastic tubing, http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/8.2/feature/sensamaust.htm

Non-State Actors in Colombia, Guatemala and Nicaragua by Sarah Sensamaust, MAIC The majority of wars fought in the last 50 years have involved non-state, anti-state or stateless actors. These groups, commonly referred to as insurgents, dissidents, freedom fighters, rebel groups or guerillas, act independently from recognized governments. These non-state actors (NSAs) typically use low-tech, homemade weapons, such as landmines, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and other small arms and light weapons to wage guerilla warfare. Civil war, economic instability and a booming illegal drug trade have resulted in a build-up of arms and have thus empowered Latin American NSAs. Due in part to growing insurgent strength, parts of Latin America has been heavily mined. Colombia, Guatemala and Nicaragua continue to wage wars against either violent NSA uprisings or the landmines they have left behind. Colombia FARC Through much of the 1970s and 1980s, not only did Colombian illegal drug production grow, but the strength of leftist guerrilla groups did as well. The accumulation of weapons, money and power bred an increase of radical actions by already violent NSAs. FARC, established in 1964, began as a paramilitary branch of the Colombian Communist Party. Their purpose has since evolved into allegedly representing the rural poor against Colombia's wealthy class. Organized by military structure, some 18,000 members operate in over 45 percent of Colombian territory.

66. Belize-Guatemala Territorial Issue - Chapter 12 On 14th August 1991 the Guatemalan government declared that it recognizes On 5th September 1991, a Guatemalan government statement in effect recognized http://www.belizenet.com/bzeguat/chap12.html

TABLE of CONTENTS INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The Maya The Spanish The British Treaty of 1859 20th CENTURY Article Seven Guatemala Claim Webster Proposal 2 Treaty Package ... Heads of Agreement INDEPENDENCE Miami Talks Maritime Bill Co-operation CONCLUSIONS ... Home Page CHAPTER 12. MARITIME AREAS BILL The sequence of events that followed which led up to Guatemala's recognition of Belize during a new government, headed by President Serrano who took office in January 1991, was significant since it reflected the success both countries gained after the long and tedious years of negotiations. The following is the sequence of events which followed: On 6th August 1991, the government of Belize, after consultation with the Opposition, introduced a bill in the National Assembly for an Act to provide for the territorial sea, internal waters and exclusive economic zone of Belize. In introducing the bill, it was noted that the effect of it would be to allow Guatemala access to the high seas through its own territorial waters, and that this should be considered "as a sign of good faith on the part of Belize to pursue negotiations with the Republic of Guatemala in search of a settlement of the outstanding dispute." On 14th August 1991 the Guatemalan government declared that "it recognizes the right of the Belizean people to self-determination," and announced that it will continue negotiating and will exhaust all legal and proper procedures which lead to a definitive settlement of the territorial dispute.

67. Guatemala: Trade Unions And The Maquila Sector The Guatemalan government is determined to push the maquila industry and duplicate, The Guatemalan government asserts, according to Economic Minister http://www.peacebrigades.org/guatemala/cap96-12.html

HomePage Trade Unions and the Maquila Sector Peace Brigades International - Guatemala Special Report: September, 1996 One of the most complex industries in Guatemala, in terms of understanding its functioning and the application of labor rights, is the industry related to maquilas: unregulated sweatshops which produce textiles. In this article, we draw from our experience accompanying a number of trade unions involved in this industry and aim to reflect points of view and experiences of Guatemalans working in the industry. The Growth of an Industry The Guatemalan government is determined to push the maquila industry and duplicate, by the end of the decade, the boom in textile factories which the country saw as the 90's began. The Minister of Labor and Social Welfare announced that by 1999, with the help of foreign investors, 100,000 new jobs would be created in this controversial industry, tripling the 54,000 jobs in textile factories which now exist. For big business and the government, the main arguments in favor of maquilas are the creation of jobs, the attraction of foreign investors and the integration of Guatemala into the world market. It's very difficult to estimate the true dimensions of the maquila sector in Guatemala. The

68. Media Alert | Guatemala: State Abandons Its Defense In Inter-American Court Hear On Monday guatemalan government representatives attempted to suspend the week’s “guatemala’s inconsistency before the Court reflects the government’s http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/media/2003_alerts/0225.htm

For Immediate Release: February 25, 2003 Contact: David Danzig Guatemala: State Abandons its Defense in Inter-American Court Hearing on Mack Case (New York, February 25, 2003) The Guatemalan government appeared before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in Costa Rica last week, only to abandon its defense, in hearings for the murder of Myrna Mack. The state is accused of violating the right to life of Mack, an anthropologist who was stabbed to death in 1990, and failing to provide prompt justice in the case. Just days before the hearing, Guatemala accepted international responsibility in the Mack case for failing to provide prompt and due justice, without specifying the reach of that acknowledgement. On February 21, the Court ordered the Guatemalan state to continue to take measures to protect Helen Mack and her family, as the state has been doing since August 2002 following an order from the Court. The state is to work with those individuals to be protected in arranging their protection, and is required to file a report on its the progress every two months. Torture After Sept. 11th

69. News - A New Era For Guatemala a large part of the financing gap identified by the Guatemalan government, The government s most pressing task is to take care of the emergency http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20019192~menuPK:3445

var templatePathPrefix = "http://siteresources.worldbank.org/"; Home Site Map Index FAQs ... Topics Search News All Home News Feature Stories By Topic A New Era for Guatemala Fran§ais Espa±ol Pусский All News ... Media Contacts OnlineMedia Briefing Cntr Embargoed news and other material for accredited journalists only. Login Register Resources About Media Team Contacts Data FAQs ... President Wolfowitz A New Era for Guatemala Donors Pledge $1.9 Billion for Peace Programs Signaling their support for peace, donors last week in Brussels raised $1.9 billion in pledges to Guatemala, where 36 years of armed conflict ended on December 29, 1996. The World Bank pledged $400 million of that amount. "The signing of the peace accords is a major historic achievement for Guatemala, and the Bank looks forward to working closely with the government and other donors in the process of consolidating peace and development," said Donna Dowsett-Coirolo, Director of the newly formed Central America Department, who led the Bank's team at the meeting. The meeting, sponsored by the

70. GUATEMALA HUMAN RIGHTS The guatemalan government paid the US company the taxdeclared value of the (The US government had suspended military aid to guatemala because of its http://www.geocities.com/~virtualtruth/guatemal.htm

Virtual Truth Commission Telling the Truth for a Better America Home Page Multinationals Countries Countries #2 ... Translation Service Reports by Country: Guatemala A "killing field" in the Americas: U. S. policy in Guatemala 1954 U. S. Involvement in the Coup against President Arbenz In 1954, a CIA-orchestrated coup ended what Guatemalans call the "Ten Years of Spring," which began with the bloodless overthrow of military dictator Jorge Ubico in 1944. During this period, two democratically-elected civilian presidents governed Guatemala, trying to provide opportunities and raise the standard of living. Jacobo Arbenz, elected in 1950, began to push agrarian reforms more seriously than his predecessor. The United Fruit Company (now Chiquita) A War Called Peace Following the coup, Colonel Castillo Armas became the new president. the U. S. Ambassador furnished Armas with lists of radical opponents to be eliminated, and the bloodletting promptly began. Under Armas, thousands were arrested and many were tortured and killed. A "killing field" in the Americas: U. S. policy in Guatemala

71. Just Earth! It recommended that the guatemalan government establish a National In August 1965, the government of guatemala granted EXMIBAL a 40year strip mining http://www.amnestyusa.org/justearth/indigenous_people/guatemala.html

@import "/c/ai.css"; Amnesty International USA learn latest news countries ... students search Just Earth! Guatemala "We hope for greater support to live as human beings. The rights of each and every one of us should not be violated; because we have an identity as people, we have that right. I also hope that this is recorded in a document so that the authorities take notice of the issue and human rights are respected." A survivor from the hamlet (Case 6009), Aldea Jolomar, Huehuetenango, 1993. "This situation should never happen again...But they should respect our rights as indigenous people; because I am indigenous, and I have my rights, and I have a voice to speak with." A survivor from the hamlet (Case 2176), Aldea Salquil, Nebaj, Quiche, 1980. "The eyes of the buried will close together on the day of justice, or they will never close." Miguel Angel Asturias, Guatemala's Nobel Laureate for Literature. (1) The dirty war: A legacy of genocide against Indigenous peoples Over the years, the Indigenous peoples of Guatemala have learned to expect very little from their government and judicial system. The justice system is corrupt; proceedings are rarely conducted in indigenous languages; furthermore, proceedings are unnecessarily lengthy and subject to obstruction and manipulation, and indigenous persons rarely have the resources to employ lawyers, to file various legal papers, or to make court appearances. In addition, those who seek justice are often victimized themselves. As a result, a climate of impunity continues to prevail in Guatemala for most human rights violations, including those perpetrated during the civil conflict, which lasted over a period of more than 30 years.

72. The EU's Relations With Guatemala - Overview guatemalan government. http//www.guatemala.gob.gt http//www.minex.gob.gt. International Institutions in guatemala. http//www.minugua.guate.net http://europa.eu.int/comm/external_relations/guatemala/intro/

en Europa European Commission European Union in the World ... Site The EU's relations with Guatemala Overview What's new ? Country Strategy Paper Documents ... EC Delegation Overview Latest update: February 2004 Discussion paper on regional programming 2007-2013 XIIIth meeting of the European Union – Central America Joint Committee EU Electoral Observation Mission in Guatemala Guatemala: Document de Stratégie 2002-2006 ... Key data 1. Political Situation The political situation in Guatemala is dominated by the gradual reconciliation and democratic change of society enshrined in the Peace Accords of December 1996 , signed after a 36-year-long civil conflict. Presidential, legislative and local elections took place in Guatemala on the 9th of November and 28 December 2003. In contrast to the widespread fears of violence, fraud and low participation, voter turnout (58%) was higher than the two previous elections in ’95 and ’99, and

73. The Latin America Working Group S Guatemala Page Monitors Human The Latin America Working Group s guatemala page monitors human rights, Currently, the LAWG focuses on encouraging the guatemalan government to take http://www.lawg.org/countries/guatemala/intro.htm

Search the Site Guatemala Of all the nations of Central America, Guatemala's society is the most unequal, and its history the most tragic. The 1954 US-sponsored coup against a leftist, nationalist government paved the way for four decades of repressive government. In a thirty-six year armed conflict, some 200,000 people were killed; according to the United Nations Truth Commission, 90% of them by the Guatemalan government or associated forces. In 1996, historic peace accords were signed which provided a blueprint for a more just and equal society. Today, many of the reforms promised by the accords are still a dream deferred. Repressive military structures, such as the Presidential Guard, have not been dismantled. Tax collection remains inadequate to fund basic health and education programs for the majority of Guatemalan citizens. Tremendous levels of corruption affect all levels of government. The judicial system is weak and even the most important historic human rights cases move slowly through the courts, if at all. And threats and attacks against judicial personnel and human rights workers have increased. While US policy in the 1980s funded the Guatemalan military and denied abuses, US policy in recent years has been much more constructive. Since 1996, US aid has focused on peace accord implementation. Military aid was banned by Congress in 1990 and that ban is in force today, although CIA funding for the Guatemalan military intelligence service continued until it was uncovered in a 1995 scandal. The US embassy in Guatemala in the last several years has played a positive role in human rights, judicial reform and anti-corruption initiatives.

74. Latin America Working Group Encourages US Policy Toward Latin Guatemalan government Agrees to International Commission. The Guatemalan government agreed on March 13th to set up an international commission to http://www.lawg.org/countries/guatemala/guatcommission.htm

Search the Site Guatemalan Government Agrees to International Commission

75. Scientists And Human Rights In Guatemala - Findings And Conclusions The government of guatemala supported the efforts of the CHR and CHHR and The government of guatemala has clearly made some progress on human rights in http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/guat/findings.html

Scientists and Human Rights in Guatemala - Report of a Delegation Findings and Conclusions Appendix B ), working contacts were established with Guatemalan government officials, and the depth of the committees' concern about human rights abuses of Guatemalan colleagues was made clear. THE GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT NONGOVERNMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS EFFORTS INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT POLITICAL KILLINGS AND DISAPPEARANCES THE CASE OF MYRNA MACK SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH Previous Section HTML Home Page Next Section NAS Home Page ... Report Home Page

76. Violence And Genocide In Guatemala The Guatemalan government is currently seeking military aid from the United Before sending guns or money to the Guatemalan army, the US government http://www.yale.edu/gsp/guatemala/charts13.html

Violence and Genocide in Guatemala By Victoria Sanford vdlsanford@aol.com Senior Research Fellow Institute on Violence and Survival, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities Assistant Professor Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, City University of New York IMAGE in CHART 13 (Chapel in memory of victims of the 1982 Plan de Sanchez massacre in Baja Verapaz): In July, 2004, the Inter-American Court made public its condemnation of the Guatemalan government for the July 18, 1982 massacre of 188 Achi-Maya in the village of Plan de Sanchez in the mountains above Rabinal, Baja Verapaz. In this judgment, and for the first time in its history, the Court ruled that a genocide had taken place. The Inter-American Court attributed the 1982 massacre and the genocide to Guatemalan army troops. This is the first ruling by the Inter-American Court against the Guatemalan state for any of the 626 massacres carried out by the army in its scorched earth campaign in the early 1980s. Beyond the importance of this judgment for the people of Plan de Sanchez, the Court’s ruling is particularly significant because the following key points were included in the judgment: • There was a genocide in Guatemala;

77. Jennifer Harbury: Retaliation In Guatemala The Guatemalan government has paid the damages in Everardo s case. Please tell the Guatemalan government that we will not tolerate acts of state http://www.counterpunch.org/harbury1217.html

home subscribe about us books ... feedback Counter Punch December 17, 2002 Retaliation in Guatemala My Family is Under Attack by JENNIFER HARBURY A s you read this I am heading for Guatemala. My family has been attacked there. We urgently need as many calls as you and your friends can possibly make to the Guatemalan embassy this week, starting Monday morning. When I was in Guatemala two weeks ago, I learned that my other sister in law, Josefina Bamaca Velasquez, had also fled her home as well, over a month ago. Armed men had broken into her small hut on the remote finca where she still lived, terrifying her, and searching everywhere, for what she did not know. Needless to say, a robbery by a large group of well armed men in a tiny and impoverished peasant community is very unusual, given that the residents would have virtually nothing to steal. Such assaults have traditionally been politically motivated and carried out by the army or other state security sectors. On Wednesday, December 11, my sister in law Egidia Bamaca Velasquez was attacked in her home in a small barrio just outside of Malacatan. Six well armed men wearing ski masks, and bearing guns and machetes entered her house and beat her in front of her children, threatening to kill her. This is a very tiny and frail woman who suffered from severe malnutrition for most of her life. The style of the attack is very much that of the military. Once again they tore up the house, searching for something, and lamenting that they had not found it. I presume they were searching for her bank book, intending to take away the very funds they had just been forced to pay in reparations.

78. Guatemala Vowing To Reverse Neglect South Florida Sun-Sentinel Lake Worth · After years of neglect, the Guatemalan government is pledging more involvement with its exile community, the country s top foreign official http://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/local/palmbeach/sfl-pguatemala07aug07,0,4984512

79. Probe International's Mining Campaign - Protests From Guatemala's Pulpits Guatemalan government February announced would honor its commitment Glamis Gold Ltd., company building mine, but would freeze issuance any further mining http://www.probeinternational.org/pi/mining/index.cfm?DSP=content&ContentID=1285

80. Stop CAFTA On Tuesday, March 8 the government of guatemala began the process of ratifying the We are writing to demand that the government of guatemala stop http://www.stopcafta.org/article.php?list=type&type=10

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