41. XrML... EXtensible Rights Markup Language A generalpurpose, XML-based specification grammar for expressing rights and conditions associated with digital content, services, or any digital resource. http://www.xrml.org/

About FAQ Industry Support Specifications ... Contact ContentGuard And Objectlab Collaborate To Provide Support For MPEG-REL Within Open IPMP. Read the full press release "Integrating Content Management with Digital Rights Management" - White Paper authored by Bill Rosenblatt and Gail Dykstra, now available for download XrML has been selected by the Open eBook Rights and Rules Working Group (RRWG) as the rights expression language for its Rights Grammar specification. Read more information on the Open eBook web site OASIS has formed a new Web Service Security Technical Committee. IBM, Microsoft, and Verisign have co-authored and submitted a document to the WSS TC describing the usage of XrML with respect to the WS-Security Specification. "XrML is emerging as the de facto standard, and we are delighted to work with ContentGuard to accelerate the adoption of interoperable DRM systems" Steve Potash, CEO, OverDrive, Inc.

42. Frenchvita - General Grammar Section Location Home/grammar/general/grammar/Speech in Action. Things to remember.The circumstantial complements bring information to and it is not an object http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/~ra735/grammar/general/action/simpsenother.html

Frenchvita General Grammar Lessons Grammar Resources Speech in Action Contents Sentence Composition Subject Verb Verb - Tenses ... Object Other Functions in the Simple Sentence The Complex Sentence Links to Site Upper Levels Home Elements of Speech Speech in Action French Grammar ... General Grammar Location: Home/Grammar/General/Grammar/Speech in Action Things to remember: The circumstantial complements bring information to and it is not an object (direct or indirect) Print friendly page Other functions in the simple sentence Circumstantial complements To simplify, the circumstantial complements bring information to the verb and are not objects. The type of information relates to notions of time, manner, place and is not detrimental but complementary to the sentence. For Example: Yesterday I quickly had a shower All the bold words are not essential to the meaning of the sentence but they bring extra information regarding time (when), manner (how), place (where). Next, the final part of Speech in Grammatical Action looks at: The complex sentence

43. Global English Offers general and business English with listening, grammar and vocabulary components. Requires paid fee. Free sample available. http://www.globalenglish.com/templates/bin/upgrade.asp?upgrade=br

44. Lab Favorites Math       Reading        Science        Socia general Art/Music Technology SAT 10 Practice Writing Holidays Months Interactive Quizzes http//www.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz_list.htm http://www.lcschools.org/technology/Technology COS/Internet Resources/lab_favori

Elementary Lab Favorites Art/Music Arts Easy Tech General ... Writing Math www.aaamath.com www.aplusmath.com www.math.com/ Saxon Math Online Activities ... Teaching Treasures -Online Interactive Math K-10 Math Links Math Magician Multiplication.com Multimedia Math Glossary (Terms read and illustrated by grade) Harcourt Math E-Lab Grades 3-6 Reading Starfall.com PBS Games (Pounce, AB Cow, Chicken Stacker vowel game) ABC Site (Netrover) Kinderplanet McGraw Hill Reading PBS Stories Stories Read Aloud - Kidz Club ... Primary Resources (Literacy Activities) Scholastic Activities (Building Language for Literacy) BBC Words and Pictures Sadlier-Oxford Student Activity Center (K-6) Clifford Goodnight Stories Science and Health McGraw Hill Science (www.mhscience02.com) Glencoe Science www.fossweb.com http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/SchoolsOnline/index.html ... School Edition of Britannica Online - Science Activities and Exercises 6. Try Science http://www.tryscience.org/home.html

45. Kamtok A general description of Cameroon Pidgin English (Kamtok) by Loreto Todd, including examples of vocabulary, grammar and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/cameroon.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Kamtok (Cameroon Pidgin) written by Loreto Todd (with help from Martin Jumbam and Herbert Wamey) This page includes information on: background (history, geography, use) vocabulary sounds grammar texts BACKGROUND Introduction Kamtok is the pidginised English of Cameroon. This English-related language has been a lingua franca in the country since at least the 1880s. The 35-year period since 1966 has seen dramatic changes in the attitude of speakers towards the language. Speakers have always recognised the usefulness of the language but, in early writings, it was frequently referred to as "Bad English", "Broken English" and "Bush English". Today, due mainly to its extended use in Churches and on Radio and Television, it is becoming known as Kamtok from Cameroon Talk, and is taking its place as a recognised medium of interaction. Geography Education is prized and at least 60% of the population is literate. The percentage is much higher in urban areas and lower among older rural women. All education is through the medium of either English or French and all young people are expected to be bilingual in the countries official languages. Approximately 50% of the population continues to follow their animist traditional religions, while 33% are Christian and 17% Muslim.

46. Lynch, Guide To Grammar And Style I know, too, that many things offered as good grammar or style have little The general articles lend themselves to browsing and absorbing over time. http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/

Guide to Grammar and Style By Jack Lynch Last revised 12 July 2005 Note: I've been working on a new guide that might help some readers of this one, called " Getting an A on an English Paper ." It's far from finished, but it may still be useful. Jump directly to: Contents a b c ... Links I've also been experimenting with a new search engine . It's very rudimentary, but may be useful. Introduction These notes are a miscellany of grammatical rules and explanations, comments on style , and suggestions on usage I put together for my classes. Nothing here is carved in stone, and many comments are matters of personal preference . Anyone who can resist turning my own preferences into dogma is welcome to use this HTML edition. Feedback is always welcome. I should be clear up front: I'm not a linguist, nor a scholar of the history of the language. (If you're curious about who I am, you can look at my CV and decide whether I'm worth listening to.) Linguists are wary of " prescriptive Why, then, have I spent so much time on a prescriptive and fairly traditional usage guide? Because these notes may be useful in making your writing clearer and more effective . I'm not out to make definitive statements about what's right and what's wrong , and Lord knows I wouldn't be qualified even if I tried. I can, however, make suggestions on things that are likely to

47. Singlish A general description of Singlish, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/singlish.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Singapore Colloquial English (Singlish) written by Anthea Fraser Gupta This section includes information on: background (history and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND Modern Singapore is traditionally dated from 1819, which was when Sir Stamford Raffles claimed the island of Singapore for the East India Company, with the intention of creating a trading post for Britain in a strategis place. This 'founding' of modern Singapore took place against a background of multiethnic trade going back many centuries. The Malay peninsula was an important crossroads in trade from East Asia to India and points westward, as the pattern of winds and the lay of the land created a natural meeting point. The region had a history of Indian and Thai influence and rule, but by the time of European involvement (from this sixteenth century) the area consisted of a series of rather cosmopolitan Malay sultanates, which were Muslim, but with distinctive cultural practices that reflected the centuries of contact with other nations, especially with India. Many Chinese had also settled in the region, to foster their trading interests, and there were links of all sorts around the whole of Asia.

48. Webgrammar's Free Tips: References, Grammar, Editing, Spelling, Design, Marketin Best general Learning Botanical Gardens Business/Economy Countries/Areas Judy Vorfeld s grammar Writing Tips are now syndicated! http://www.webgrammar.com/

Subscribe Webgrammar's Ezine Education Aquaria Arts Best General Learning Botanical Gardens ... Zoos Miscellaneous Contact Us FAQ Judy's Business Site Media Coverage ... Search Site Need writing or research help? This is the community service website of Judy Vorfeld, also known as Webgrammar. Need a bit of help with spelling, grammar, homonyms, punctuation, capitalization, etc.? Or information in the areas of writing, education, typography, academic research, or Web development? You may wish to zip right over to The Writing Center . It includes writing help and many writing resources. Looking for Judy Vorfeld's Business Sites? Kudos for Webgrammar I teach ESL classes and Adult Basic Literacy classes so I use your site frequently. As an educator, I use the Education and Writing Center sites frequently; however, I'm constantly drawn to all library links so I use your reference section as well. Janet Ritzie    Student Teacher Supervisor Miami University  WWW Webgrammar Click for details on how to offer these tips on your site Want to subscribe to Webgrammar's Food for Thought? And if you want to subscribe to Communication Expressway

49. Tok Pisin A general description of Tok Pisin, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/tokpisin.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Tok Pisin written by Jeff Siegel This page includes information on: background (history, current use and attitudes) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND History When the recruiting (and in some cases kidnapping) of islands labourers for plantations in Queensland began in 1863, many Melanesians found themselves literally in the same boat. The only common language they had was the simplified English they had learned, so they used that to communicate with each other on the ships and later on the plantations. With continued use, norms began to emerge and a stable pidgin language started to develop early Melanesian Pidgin. The earliest Queensland labourers were mainly from the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) and the Solomon Islands. Labourers from German-controlled New Guinea only went to Queensland in 1883-84. Many more went to plantations in Samoa, from 1879-1912. Labourers from the other countries had also started going to Samoa in 1878, and many of these had already worked in Queensland. So early Melanesian Pidgin was transported to Samoa. However, after 1885, no more labourers from the New Hebrides or Solomons went to Samoa, and early Melanesian pidgin began to diverge into two slightly different varieties one spoken in Queensland and one in Samoa.

50. Webgrammar Offers Links To Great General Grammar Sites Webgrammar offers tips, tutorials, and references for writers, students, educators,editors, businesses, organizations, and Web developers. http://www.webgrammar.com/grammarsites.html

Subscribe Webgrammar's Ezine Education Aquaria Arts Best General Learning Botanical Gardens ... Zoos Miscellaneous Contact Us FAQ Free Dictionary Judy's Business Site ... Search Site Great General Grammar Sites Arts Best Learning Business/Economy Countries/Areas ... Top of Page Writing Center Common Mistakes General Resources Grammar Basics Grammar Tips ... Writing Resources References Language Library Printed State Resources ... Typography Newsletter Archives Web Building Analysis/Validation Articles/Tutorials Browsers Index ... Contact Us Webgrammar® A Division of Judy Vorfeld's Office Support Services 10439 W Royal Palm Rd - Peoria AZ 85345 Toll-free Fax and Phone: (877) 881-1130 Local Phone: (623) 876-8168 E-mail

51. African American Vernacular English A general description of African American English (Ebonics), including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aave.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references African American Vernacular English (Ebonics) written by Jack Sidnell This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is the variety formerly known as Black English Vernacular or Vernacular Black English among sociolinguists, and commonly called Ebonics outside the academic community. While some features of AAVE are apparently unique to this variety, in its structure it also shows many commonalties with other varieties including a number of standard and nonstandard English varieties spoken in the US and the Caribbean. AAVE has been at the heart of several public debates and the analysis of this variety has also sparked and sustained debates among sociolinguists. The history of AAVE and its genetic affiliation, by which we mean what language varieties it is related to, are also a matter of controversy. Some scholars contend that AAVE developed out of the contact between speakers of West African languages and speakers of vernacular English varieties. According to such a view, West Africans learnt English on plantations in the southern Coastal States (Georgia, South Carolina, etc.) from a very small number of native speakers (the indentured laborers). Some suggest that this led to the development of a rudimentary pidgin which was later expanded through a process of creolization.

52. The Grammar Aquarium online grammar notes, interactive and printable exercises for ESL. BASICS.general. MODAL VERBS. PREPOSITIONS. QUESTIONS. TENSES. TESTS. TRICKY WORDS http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm

Home Books Idioms Links ... Vocab SITE EXPLORER The Grammar Aquarium MENU BASICS GENERAL MODAL VERBS PREPOSITIONS ... TRICKY WORDS CONTACT GRAMMAR HELPLINE JOKE BOOK MESSAGE BOARD Grammar notes, online and handout exercises for EFL and ESL News May 2005. Just added a new exercise about pronouncing the three /s/ sounds and explain and tell. Beware of pirates! This site is totally free for non-commercial use with no registering. Make sure you are here: http://perso.wanadoo.es/autoenglish/freeexercises.htm WELCOME Search the categories on the menu to find the grammar you want. Read the notes, do the online exercise or print out the handout directly off the screen. Nearly all the handouts are written by me (Rob Wilson) and most of the interactive exercises, which are made using HOT POTATOES . All exercises are free for non-commercial use. For best printing results External links (links to other sites) are coloured salmon . Explore these sites while you're there.

53. The Chinese Outpost | A Chinese Language Site | Lessons, Products, E-cards, News Resources on pronunciation, grammar and characters with general information aimed at demystifying Chinese language. http://chinese-outpost.com/

E-Cards Guestbook Advertise About ... RSS Feeds Demystifying Chinese Since 1998 Our site's Introduction to Mandarin Chinese takes an educating-and-entertaining conversational approach to explaining the basic principles of Mandarin Chinese pronunciation, characters and grammar, and has been reducing the dreaded Mandarin Learning Curve for countless readers now for over seven years. "The best. A must-visit site" for Chinese Language learning. Dr. Ming L. Pei, China The Beautiful Start the Tutorial PERSONALS Meet new international friends, pen-pals and language learning partners, or meet your ideal match! Over 225,000 registered users await you! NEWSLETTER Our monthly publication focuses on Chinese language learning, resources for children's language learning, bargain hunting, and more.

54. All Schools :: General Information :: Welcome All Oldham Hulme grammar Schools. general Information Welcome Statement ofAims Contact Information How to find us Uniform Catering Term Dates http://www.hulme-grammar.oldham.sch.uk/

@import "c/global.css"; All Schools Kindergarten Estcourt (Girls) Hulme Court (Boys) ... Sixth Form All Oldham Hulme Grammar Schools General Information Welcome Statement of Aims Contact Information ... General Information Latest News Joint Open Day 5th November 2005 9.30am-12.30pm Calling all Former Pupils from the 1980's and 1990's!!! Guys and Dolls a Big Hit We're best for Biology and Business Studies!!! 2005 Ski Trip to Quebec Welcome The Oldham Hulme Grammar Schools were founded in 1895, and as former direct grant schools reverted to full independence in 1976. Within a caring and supportive environment, our academic and extra-curricular programmes help to build self-confidence and contribute towards your child achieving their full potential in life. We value academic achievement, standards are high and consequently we have a good record of examination successes at GCSE and A level. Pupils are taught by a team of dedicated, well qualified staff and throughout their years at Hulme are challenged to think creatively and independently. Hulme Kindergarten Estcourt Preparatory Hulme Court Preparatory Hulme Grammar School for Girls ... Hulme Schools Sixth Form The Hulme family of schools comprises Hulme Kindergarten (boys and girls 3-7)

55. Aboriginal English A general description of Australian Aboriginal English, including examples of vocabulary, grammar, and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/aboriginal.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references Aboriginal English (written by Diana Eades) This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes, use, varieties) vocabulary sounds some grammatical features pragmatics ... resources BACKGROUND Introduction Aboriginal English is the name given to the various kinds of English spoken by Aboriginal people throughout Australia. Technically, the language varieties are dialects of English. They have much in common with other varieties of Australian English, but there are distinctive features of accent, grammar, words and meanings, as well as language use. These Aboriginal English features often show continuities with the traditional Aboriginal languages. In many subtle ways Aboriginal English is a powerful vehicle for the expression of Aboriginal identity. History Before the British invasion of Australia at the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 250 different indigenous languages spoken throughout the country, with approximately 600 dialects. The languages were very complex, and the differences between neighbouring languages were often as complicated as the differences between English and Spanish, for example.

56. Girls Main :: General Information :: Welcome Hulme grammar School for Girls. general Information Welcome Statement of Aims Contact Information How to find us Uniform Catering Term Dates http://www.hulme-grammar.oldham.sch.uk/girls.php

@import "c/global.css"; All Schools Kindergarten Estcourt (Girls) Hulme Court (Boys) ... Sixth Form Hulme Grammar School for Girls General Information Welcome Statement of Aims Contact Information ... General Information Latest News Joint Open Day 5th November 2005 9.30am-12.30pm Cake Decorating Club Oldham Junior Masterchef 2005 Award winning research Guys and Dolls a Big Hit Welcome The Hulme Grammar School for Girls is a well established, successful independent girls' day school with 425 girls between the ages of 11 and 18 years. It has its own preparatory school, Estcourt , with 97 girls aged between 7 and 11 years. Hulme Kindergarten provides nursery and infant education for both boys and girls and at the age of 16 years, most girls continue their studies in the co-educational sixth form. For more information, please refer to the sixth form page. Formal entrance examinations are held both for Estcourt (at age 7) and for the main school (at age 11) and take place in the January of the year of entry. The School is small enough to provide a caring, friendly and lively environment where the individual is valued and nurtured. Each girl is encouraged to see herself as part of our school community, where integrity and respect for other people are important. Although we have traditional values, we are also forward looking. Our excellent academic record and outstanding sporting and cultural achievements have earned our school an enviable reputation. We are very proud of our high standards across all aspects of school life.

57. Hawai`i Creole English general description of Hawai`i Creole English including examples of vocabulary, grammar and phonology. http://www.une.edu.au/langnet/hce.htm

home definitions other descriptions classroom tips ... references written by Ermile Hargrove, Kent Sakoda and Jeff Siegel This page includes information on: background (history, attitudes and use) vocabulary sounds grammar BACKGROUND History Attitudes and use Hawai'i Creole English (HCE) is usually called "Pidgin" in Hawai'i. It has a rich linguistic history based on the need for a common language among a diverse group of people who spoke different languages. It also has a dark side based on plantation domination and American English hegemony. HCE speakers have mixed feelings about the creole. HCE has often been denigrated as a sub-standard form of English. But with the efforts of local linguists and writers, people are now beginning to realize that the creole is a language separate from, but similar in appearance to, English. HCE can be heard on the playgrounds and in neighborhood conversations. It can also be heard on a few radio programs and in some advertising. On rare occasions, HCE is heard in more formalized situations, such as on the legislative floor and in the classroom. However, English and Hawaiian are the official languages of the legislature and standardized English is the official medium of instruction in the school system.

58. Learn English For Free, English Letter Writing, Grammar And Pronunciation. New Posts, general English grammar questions (EFL / ESL) (3 Viewing) We answerlots of different types of general English questions here. http://www.englishforums.com/

Welcome to Englishforums.com Sign in Join Faq Learn English for free. Live online help from volunteer teachers all over the world. Photos Home Active Unanswered ... Sprachreisen) My Forums Faq Students: Commonly faced problems Educational community Guidelines, terms and conditions ... Standard text chat Forum Statistics users have contributed to threads and posts. In the past 24 hours, we have new thread(s), new post(s), and new user(s) In the past 3 days, the most popular thread for everyone has been " Korean Friends Wanted(For My I... ". Our members have mostly viewed the thread titled " Debate about 'pedantic' ". The most posts were made to " Have a question about British ... ". Please welcome our newest member Most Active Members Mister Micawber MrPedantic Pieanne CalifJim ... Who is online There are currently guest(s) online. There are of member(s) online: Khoff Bitoy Qut Clive ... Woodward Guests: Argentina (2), Australia (12), Bangladesh (5), Belize (1), Bolivia (4), Brazil (3), Canada (20), Chile (1), China (12), Colombia (1), El Salvador (1), France (3), Germany (7), Greece (1), Guam (1), Hong Kong (4), India (19), Indonesia (2), Italy (1), Japan (7), Latvia (1), Malaysia (5), Mexico (5), Mongolia (1), Myanmar (3), Netherlands (1), New Zealand (2), Pakistan (1), Peru (2), Philippines (7), Puerto Rico (1), Republic Of Korea (5), Russian Federation (1), Singapore (5), Spain (2), Sri Lanka (2), Taiwan (6), Thailand (22), Trinidad And Tobago (1), Turkey (1), United Arab Emirates (1), United Kingdom (1), United States (1020), Unknown (8), Venezuela (4), Viet Nam (5)

59. General English Grammar Questions (EFL / ESL) general English grammar questions (EFL / ESL) We answer lots of different typesof general English questions here. - Moderated by hitchhiker woodward Mike http://www.englishforums.com/English/GeneralEnglishGrammarQuestions/Forum12.htm

Welcome to Englishforums.com Sign in Join Faq Learn English for free. Live online help from volunteer teachers all over the world. Photos Home General English grammar questions (EFL / ESL) We answer lots of different types of general English questions here. Moderated by hitchhiker woodward Mike in Japan Englishforums.com ... Search Thread Last Post Replies Views Announcements and FAQs Would you like to earn $50 an hour for doing nothing? by MrPedantic by MrPedantic 10-09-2005 12:31 PM We help you - you help us! by hitchhiker by hitchhiker 03-06-2005 11:13 AM Teachers: Answers to grammar / language Qs by miriam by miriam 16-06-2004 1:23 PM Students: Commonly faced problems by hitchhiker by hitchhiker 13-08-2003 9:13 PM Thread Last Post Replies Views Topics know to be by by Today, 5:38 AM DID you EVER...? by Anonymous by Altynbek Today, 5:30 AM out/ out of by by Clive Today, 5:29 AM Passive voice usage by rishonly by rishonly Today, 4:51 AM

60. Marathi Language general information about the Marathi language, including its script, grammar, and dialects. http://members.tripod.com/~marathi/marathi.html

setAdGroup('67.18.104.18'); var cm_role = "live" var cm_host = "tripod.lycos.com" var cm_taxid = "/memberembedded" Search: Lycos Tripod Dating Search Share This Page Report Abuse Edit your Site ... Next Marathi Language This section is written by Nilesh Savargaonkar(nilesh@iastate.edu) Origins of Marathi Language Marathi Script Word Formation Gender ... Dialects Origins of Marathi Language Marathi is the language spoken by the native people of Maharashtra. Marathi belongs to the group of Indo-Aryan languages which are a part of the larger of group of Indo-European languages, all of which can be traced back to a common root. Among the Indo-Aryan languages, Marathi is the southern-most language. All of the Indo-Aryan languages originated from Sanskrit . Three Prakrit languages, simpler in structure, emerged from Sanskrit. These were Saurseni Magadhi and Maharashtri. Marathi is said to be a descendent of Maharashtri which was the Prakrit spoken by people residing in the region of Maharashtra. The odyssey of written Marathi begins from 11th century AD from stone inscriptions and copper plates. Long before this, Marathi must have been spoken by the people living in the region. The earliest reference to spoken Marathi is found in the 8th century poem "kuvalaymAlA" of Udyotansuri. Marathi was the court language during the reign of the Yadava Kings. There are various stone inscriptions in Marathi found at Akshi in Raigad (former Colaba) district, Patan, Pandharpur, Dive-Agra etc. The most famous among these is the one found at the bottom of the statue of Gomateshwar (Bahubali) at

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