81. Methods For Detecting GMOs In Grain Crops Methods for Detecting GMOs in grain crops The following is list of some ofthe laboratories that offer GMO testing of grain crops for a fee. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/WCM/2001/W094.htm

Wisconsin Corn Agronomy Methods for Detecting GMOs in Grain Crops September 20, 2001 8(25):161-164 Joe Lauer, Corn Agronomist The following is an edited excerpt from a review on detecting transgenic genes in crop plants written by Dr. Peter Thomison at Ohio State University. There are also other circumstances when GMO testing may be useful in crop production, such as when troubleshooting crop disorders during the growing season. If an allegedly herbicide resistant corn or soybean field exhibits extensive injury following herbicide application, the grower may want to confirm that plants in the field are actually herbicide resistant. Similarly a grower, if uncertain, may need to determine what fields, or what parts of fields, he planted to GMO crops. There are several commonly used GMO testing protocols, including biological tests, as well as ELISA and PCR tests, for herbicide and insect tolerance. Growers and end users should consider the advantages and disadvantages of the various testing methods before harvest. Exporters should probably resign themselves to the most rigorous testing protocol to anticipate the additional scrutiny their products will receive overseas. Some major end-users, i.e. large food processors, are currently using a combination of tests for identity-preserved (IP) grains. Herbicide bioassays ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) tests The PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method is more sensitive than the ELISA method and tests for the presence of the specific DNA sequence of the gene itself. The major advantage of PCR tests is sensitivity, i.e. detection of GMOs at very low levels. PCR is the only one of these methods that can effectively detect GMOs in processed foods. Major disadvantages of the PCR protocol include length of time needed (2-3 days), and cost ($75-$300 per sample). PCR tests also require more sophisticated equipment and greater expertise. While more sensitive to GMOs, PCRs in some cases tend to show false positives. PCR procedures were originally developed as research tools for analyzing genes and assisting in the movement of genes among organisms. Given the expense, time, and expertise required, PCR testing has limited potential in the field or at grain elevators.

82. Cytogenetic Effects Of Gaseous Fluorides On Grain Crops Previous studies have shown that grain crops in areas surrounding fluoride emitting The mutation rates in grain crops in zones of chronic pollution from http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/cancer/gritsan-1993.htm

HEALTH EFFECTS HOMEPAGE Accidents ... Useful Links FULL-TEXT PAPER: Cytogenetic Effects of Gaseous Fluorides on Grain Crops DIRECTORY: FAN Health Cancer FLUORIDE Year 1993, Volume 26, Issue 1, Pages 23-32 CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF GASEOUS FLUORIDES ON GRAIN CROPS N P Gritsan Institute of Nature Management Problems and Ecology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Moscovskaja 6, Dniepropetrovsk 320600, Ukraine. SUMMARY: Atmospheric pollution of fluoride from a non-ferrous industrial plant has been studied for its effect on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in root tips and shoot tips of wheat and barley. The anaphase-test was used. The percentage of mutations in the meristematic cells of plants growing in polluted areas was 2-6 times higher than in the control and the spectrum of chromosome abberations showed changes. The testing of hydrogen fluoride (HF) for its mutagenic activity by fumigation of barley seedlings showed that the mutation rate was linear with dose. It was found that the cytogenic effects of gaseous fluoride on grain crops was correlated with the fluoride content in plant tissue.

83. AGSC 416: Special Topics In Agronomy: Grain Crops A course that examines all aspects of grain crop production including establishment,pest control, grain crops Production and Management. 15th edition. http://agriculture.truman.edu/courses/agsc416g.htm

AGSC 416: SPECIAL TOPICS IN AGRONOMY: GRAIN CROPS Mark R. Campbell 162 Barnett Hall 785-4280 (Office), 627-5840 (Home) campbell@truman.edu CATALOG DESCRIPTION A course that examines all aspects of grain crop production including establishment, pest control, harvesting, storage and end-use. The course will also examine genetic improvement practices including utilization of plant genetic resources and biotechnology. PREREQUISITES AGSC 110 : Crop Production Systems OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE To understand all aspects of grain crop production To understand genetic improvement practices for grain crop production To understand end-uses of grain crops EXPECTATIONS OF THE STUDENTS Each student's grade will be derived from the following 4 class activities: Class participation (attendance, discussion): 10% Reading assignments (summaries, questions and discussion): 30% Research papers: 30% Exams: 30% Grading scale: 90-100% = A, 80-89% = B, 70-79% = C, 60-69 = D, <60% = F Policy on absences and missed work Excuses for unauthorized absences will not be accepted. An authorized absence does not excuse the student from any missed work.

84. Summary Of Report Perennial Grain Crops For High Water Use - The Summary of report Perennial grain crops for High Water Use The case forMicrolaena stipoides. http://www.rirdc.gov.au/reports/EFM/05-024sum.html

85. OECD Macrothesaurus - GRAIN CROPS OECD Macrothesaurus grain crops. ID 4530 KW grain crops BT FOOD CROPS NTCEREALS NT GRAIN LEGUMES RT GRAIN FA 07.07.02 http://info.uibk.ac.at/info/oecd-macroth/en/4530.html

OECD Macrothesaurus - GRAIN CROPS ID KW : GRAIN CROPS BT FOOD CROPS NT CEREALS NT GRAIN LEGUMES RT GRAIN FA es fr INDEX A ... OECD ; HTML-Version by agj

86. Fall Freeze Damage In Summer Grain Crops When summer crops are exposed to freezing temperatures, producers must......Title Fall Freeze Damage in Summer grain crops. Pub Number MF2234 http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpsl2/samplers/MF2234.asp

Skip the navigation header body Home Viewing Ordering Adobe Access ... Catalog Title: Fall Freeze Damage in Summer Grain Crops Pub Number: Description: When summer crops are exposed to freezing temperatures, producers must determine if crop should be harvested for grain or livestock feed. See charts to estimate crop yield loss. Authors: Staggenborg, Scott Dhuyvetter, Kevin Fjell, Dale Publication Date: August 1996 Resource Type: text Format: pdf Language: English Download publication: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/crpsl2/MF2234.PDF (33 kb)

87. Old Grain Futures Trading Lore #1 The first of the destruction s of the grain crops tends to occur just prior to The second destruction of the grain crop comes during pollination. http://www.grainguide.com/futures-trading-1.htm

Home Order Form Preview ... Grainguide "Old" Grain Futures Trading Lore #1: "Grain crops are destroyed THREE times each year" Please note that this was compiled several years ago, and the data referenced is out of date. No guarantee is being made as to accuracy or completeness of the data presented. Also, the following article rests heavily on the assumption of seasonality. The CFTC/NFA would like to have read the following SEASONAL TENDENCIES ARE A COMPOSITE OF SOME OF THE MOST CONSISTENT COMMODITY FUTURES SEASONALS THAT HAVE OCCURRED IN THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS. THERE ARE USUALLY UNDERLYING, FUNDAMENTAL CIRCUMSTANCES THAT OCCUR ANNUALLY THAT TEND TO CAUSE THE FUTURES MARKETS TO REACT IN SIMILAR DIRECTIONAL MANNER DURING A CERTAIN CALENDAR YEAR. EVEN IF A SEASONAL TENDENCY OCCURS IN THE FUTURE, IT MAY NOT RESULT IN A PROFITABLE TRANSACTION AS FEES AND THE TIMING OF THE ENTRY AND LIQUIDATION MAY IMPACT ON THE RESULTS. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT HAS IN THE PAST, OR WILL IN THE FUTURE, ACHIEVE PROFITS USING THESE RECOMMENDATIONS. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT PRICE PATTERNS WILL RECUR IN THE FUTURE.

88. NDSU Dickinson Research Extension Center Wheat, barley, and oat are the major small grain crops grown in western North Cultivars and genotypes of each small grain crop (hard red spring wheat, http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/dickinso/research/1994/agron94b.htm

North Dakota State University * Dickinson Research Extension Center 1089 State Avenue, Dickinson, ND 58601-4642 Voice: (701) 483-2348 FAX: (701) 483-2005 SMALL GRAIN CROPS IN SOUTHWESTERN NORTH DAKOTA Patrick Carr, Associate Agronomist, Adjunct Assistant Professor, NDSU, Dickinson Research and Extension Center Glenn Martin, Research Specialist II, NDSU, Dickinson Research and Extension Center Burt Melchior, Agricultural Technician II, NDSU, Dickinson Research and Extension Center James Anderson, Assistant Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences Elias Elias, Assistant Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences Jerome Franckowiak, Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences Richard Frohberg, Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences Richard Horsley, Assistant Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences Michael McMullen, Associate Professor, NDSU, Department of Crop and Weed Sciences SUMMARY New crop cultivars and advanced experimentals from public and private agencies must be developed for the continued viability of crop and crop-livestock systems in southwestern North Dakota. The North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station is obligated to provide unbiased data and interpretations which can be used by producers to choose cultivars for farm production. This project will collect and publish: (1) information on the comparative performance of small grain cultivars in southwestern North Dakota; and (2) data on experimental lines which may be released and utilized by North Dakota farmers.

89. Harvesting New Chemicals From Grain Crops More plastics, paints and even nylons could be made from chemicals produced in plants. http://www.monsanto.co.uk/news/ukshowlib.phtml?uid=9129

90. Gov T Plans Make Grain Crops Pay Better Gov t plans make grain crops pay better By Zhao Huanxin (China Daily) Updated200403-11 0116. Chinese farmers are receiving ever stronger assurances from http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-03/11/content_313628.htm

91. UQ Gatton Campus, Warming To Impact On Queensland Grain Crops Warming to impact on Queensland grain crops Global warning has the potentialto impact significantly on the State’s grain industry, according to http://www.uq.edu.au/gatton/?page=3651&pid=

92. Core Historical Literature Of Agriculture Title, grain crops. Author, Wilson, Harold Kirby, 19001958. Print Source,grain crops Wilson, Harold Kirby, 1900-1958. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=chla;idno=3146238

93. PDA Marketing Flood Damaged Grain Crops Marketing Flood Damaged grain crops Abstract Recommendations for Marketing FloodDamaged grain cropsEarlier this fall, many acres of grain crops were http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/agriculture/cwp/view.asp?q=132233

94. PDA Marketing Flood Damaged Grain Crops Marketing Flood Damaged grain crops Abstract Recommendations for Marketing FloodDamaged grain cropsEarlier this fall, many acres of grain crops were http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/agriculture/cwp/view.asp?q=132233&tx=1

95. Southwest Farm Press: Recent Rains Benefit Small Grain Crops Full text of the article, Recent rains benefit small grain crops from SouthwestFarm Press, a publication in the field of Business Finance, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0HEW/is_11_31/ai_115338813

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Southwest Farm Press April 15, 2004 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for Academy of Marketing Science Review Accounting Historians Journal, The Accounting History AgExporter ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Recent rains benefit small grain crops Southwest Farm Press April 15, 2004 Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Byline: Gaylon Morgan Texas Cooperative Extension Within the last two weeks Rex Herrington and I have traveled most of the state and have looked at a considerable amount of wheat. Across most of the state the wheat crop has thinner than normal stands, which can be mostly attributed to a very dry fall and late emergence in many fields. Fortunately, rainfall across most of the state within the past 4-6 weeks has really turned the crop around. According to the crop weather report (3-21-2004), the wheat crop is 4 percent excellent, 19 percent good, 38 percent fair, 27 percent poor, and 12 percent very poor. Powdery mildew has plagued most of the Backlands and Northeast Texas since early February and continues to persist and many fields. From my conversation with CEAs and IPM agents, this is probably one on the worst incidence of powdery mildew in a long time. The HRW wheat varieties are more susceptible to powdery mildew than SRW wheat. Some of the varieties that appear the most susceptible include Jagalene, Thunderbolt, Cutter, Stanton, and Ogallala. Typically, the wheat plants can withstand higher infestation of powdery mildew than of leaf or stripe rust; however, weak wheat stems and lodging may result from heavy powdery mildew infestations. Management of powdery mildew is seldom justified if a variety has moderate resistance; however, fungicide applications to susceptible varieties may be economically justified and numerous fields have been treated in Central Texas.

96. Feedstuffs: Council Expects Record World Wheat, Coarse Grain Crops Access the article, Council expects record world wheat, coarse grain crops fromFeedstuffs, a publication in the field of Business Finance, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1470/is_200411/ai_n9687942

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Home Advanced Search IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports FindArticles Feedstuffs November 2004 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for Academy of Marketing Science Review Accounting Historians Journal, The Accounting History AgExporter ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Save a personal copy of any page on the Web and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free. Get started now. Council expects record world wheat, coarse grain crops Feedstuffs November, 2004 by Ian Elliott The world's buyers of wheat and coarse grain should be awash in product this year if the latest forecasts from the International Grains Council (IGC) hold true, putting added pressure on lawmakers to help growers if prices weaken too much. In its latest estimates, the London, England-based council said it expects the world to produce a record 617 million tons of wheat during the 2004-05 crop year and a whopping 987 million tons of coarse grains. This production forecast is up slightly from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's last estimate issued Oct. 12. USDA's next outlook is due Nov. ...

97. Grain Crops Fail As Big Dry Persists - Smh.com.au Australia has harvested its worst winter grains crop in more than two decades. The Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/18/1045330601667.html

Home National News The Big Dry national ... place an ad extra personal finance travel education subscribe home delivery eNewsletter archives today's edition: am past 10 days site guide Grain crops fail as big dry persists By Daniel Lewis and Matt Wade February 19 2003 Australia has harvested its worst winter grains crop in more than two decades. NSW is the worst-affected state, with its winter crop down 77 per cent, according to the latest Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Research Economics report, released yesterday. The area planted to summer crops is down 44 per cent, and what is in the ground has suffered in one of the hottest summers on record, with little rain or irrigation water. It was hoped that summer feed crops, such as sorghum, would help relieve some of the strain on livestock producers paying top prices to keep their animals alive, but they are down 62 per cent, to 1.95 million tonnes. With hot, dry weather continuing, abattoirs are struggling to keep up with the number of animals farmers can no longer afford to feed. The National Climate Centre's outlook for March to May says there is only about a 50 per cent chance of median rainfall across the key cropping areas.

98. RIA Novosti - Business - Grain Crops To Total 76-78 Million Tons In 2005 In 2004, grain crop harvests in Russia totaled 78 million tons. Gordeyev hadsaid earlier that this year that grain crop harvests were expected to total http://en.rian.ru/business/20050729/41055771.html

RUS ENG DEU FRA ... search MOST POPULAR ARTICLES Leaf images of Jesus and Mary are ants' work - TV show Russia shuns Lithuania over downed plane dispute Shanghai organization to hold military exercises in 2006-2007 URGENT: Tymoshenko ready to help Yushchenko form new government Russian marine biologist says North European Gas Pipeline is environmentally safe sl="1.3" Business Grain crops to total 76-78 million tons in 2005 MOSCOW, July 29 (RIA Novosti) - According to preliminary forecasts, grain crops will total 76-78 million tons in 2005, equaling last year's level, said the Russian Agriculture Minister Alexei. Gordeyev said that the forecast level would be reached following harvests in Siberia and the Volga region, where crop production fluctuates depending on weather conditions. He also said Russia would purchase grain abroad in late August to protect the interests of agricultural producers and to keep market prices at an appropriate level. In 2004, grain crop harvests in Russia totaled 78 million tons. The Russian Economic Development and Trade Ministry forecasts a 4% decrease in crop harvests (75 million tons). Gordeyev had said earlier that this year that grain crop harvests were expected to total 66-70 million tons.

99. Pravda.RU Russia To Boost Grain Crops By 30-40m Tons A Year grain crops may grow by 3040m tons up to 100-110m tons a year, while grainexports may total 20m tons, Deputy Prime Minister and Agriculture Minister http://english.pravda.ru/economics/2003/02/04/42968.html

Feb, 04 2003 In Russian Em Portugues Russia World ... About Pravda.RU:Economics:More in detail Russia to boost grain crops by 30-40m tons a year Grain crops may grow by 30-40m tons up to 100-110m tons a year, while grain exports may total 20m tons, Deputy Prime Minister and Agriculture Minister Alexey Gordeyev said at a press conference today. The Agriculture Minister was quoted as saying grain crops of the past two years can hardly be viewed as a long-standing trend but the government is planning to cement the growth of grain production in Russia. In view of this, the Deputy Prime Minister reported that in 2003 the stimulation of the emerging infrastructure for grain production and exports would start. In particular, the government is planning to provide credits for the construction of grain elevators. Gordeyev also pointed out until recently 20m hectares of land had been underused in Russia, which may become a reserve for the further output growth. According to the Agriculture Minister, grain production and exports may become "a substantial contribution to the state budget, since they are reproducible resources, unlike oil or gas". As it was reported earlier, in 2002 Russian grain crops were 86.7m tons, while Russia's grain exports in 2002-2003 are expected to total $10-12m tons.

100. Pravda.RU Winter Grain Crops Harvest May Amount To 30 Million Tons In 2001 Winter grain crops harvest in Russia may amount to 30 million tons this year.This view was expressed on Wednesday by a vicepremier, http://english.pravda.ru/economics/2001/06/13/7598.html

Jun, 13 2001 Made in Pravda.ru Pravda.ru comes forward with working out conceptions and creating new corporative representative sites, as well as with promotion of new products in the Net. More in detail Accidents CIS Culture ... About [an error occurred while processing this directive] Pravda.RU:Economics:More in detail WINTER GRAIN CROPS HARVEST MAY AMOUNT TO 30 MILLION TONS IN 2001 Winter grain crops harvest in Russia may amount to 30 million tons this year. This view was expressed on Wednesday by a vice-premier, minister of agriculture Alexey Gordeyev, when he spoke at the press conference devoted to the opening of a specialized exhibition "Russian Foodstuffs - 2001". According to Gordeyev, it is 5 million more than the last year's harvest. Gordeyev pointed out that hard harvest work lied ahead, as it was raining in the most of Russia's European territory. "The harvest work will be hard and costly", - said the vice-premier. In Gordeyev's view, the shortage of harvesters will be another challenge. However, the introduction of the leasing system of harvesters' sales may reverse the situation. In addition to that, the vice-premier informed that it was for the first time that the government had allocated funds to prevent the growth of grain prices. Grain purchasing and selling in the exchanges has also been envisaged. The government also intends to stimulate revival of the grain exchanges. Gordeyev has also informed the journalists that the state intends to continue subsidizing the interest rate of the bank loans for the agroindustrial complex. The state plans to subsidize two-thirds of the interest rate. 30 banks, including regional ones, are currently involved in the agroindustrial complex' subsidizing.

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